Volume-6 ~ Issue-2
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial activity of 2-Amino-1,3-benzothiazole, Schiff bases and Azo dyes of 2-Amino-1,3-benzothiazole. |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | A.G. Awale, Dr. S. B. Gholse , Dr. P.S.Utale |
 |
: | 10.9790/3008-0620107  |
Abstract: 2-Amino-1,3-benzothiazole was synthesized and schiff bases were prepared by reacting a series of aromatic aldehydes with 2-amino-1,3-benzothiazole to form a number of potentially biologically active compounds. Azo dyes of 2-amino-1,3-benzothiazole were synthesized by reacting various aromatic amines , substituted amines and phenols. The structures of 2-amino-1,3-benzothiazole, Schiff bases and azo dyes were confirmed by using FT-IR, 1H-NMR, Mass, UV, spectroscopic technique. The dyeing ability of azo dyes was checked by applying azo dyes on various fabrics. The tiltle compounds were also tested against representatives of gram-positive and gram - negative bacteria by agar diffusion method. Ampicillin was used as positive control.
Key-words : Benzothiazole , aldehydes, schiffs bases, azo dyes, antimicrobial
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | "Prevalent Clinical Entities Of Hilly Regions, Aetio-Pathogenesis Factors, An Introspection". |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Dr.Anil K. Sahni |
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: | 10.9790/3008-0620811 |
Abstract: Certain Surgical Clinical Conditions Manifests To Variable Extents With High Prevalence In Hilly Regions. The Discrete Analysis Of Different Aetio-Pathogenesis Factors & Resultant Patho-Physiological Changes Exhibit Comparative Co-Relation To Clinical Manifestations, ManageMent GuideLines & OverAll Result OutCome ParaMetres.
Key Words: Mountains:Prevalent Clinical Entities 1), Aetio-Pathogenesis Factors Analysis 2) Demonstrable Co-Relation Of Disese To Causative Factors 3) , Prevention & Control Strategy Aspects 4)
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Traditional use of Monocotyledon Plants of Arakuvalley Mandalam, Visakhapatnam District, Andhra Pradesh, India. |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | S. B. Padal, B. Sandhyasri & P. Chandrasekhar. |
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: | 10.9790/3008-0621216 |
Abstract: An ethno-medico botanical survey of plants used in the treatment of different type of diseases of Arakuvalley Mandalam, Visakhapatnam district, Andhra Pradesh was conducted. The information was collected on the basis of personal interviews with traditional healers, tribal doctors and old women of the society. The investigation revealed that 34 Monocotyledon plant species belonging to 10 families and 28 genera are commonly used in the treatment of varies ailments.
Key Words: Ethno medico botanical, monocotyledons plants, tribal people, ailments, arakuvalley, Visakhapatnam district.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Study of Sedation, Pre-anesthetic and Anti-anxiety Effects of Salix Aegyptiaca Herbal Extract in Comparison with Diazepam in Rats |
| Country | : | Iran |
| Authors | : | Ali Razaei, Sajjd Moghaddam, Mehrdad Pashazadeh, Arvin Tayari, Ehsan Sanati |
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: | 10.9790/3008-0621720 |
Abstract: salix herb to mediate the effect of sedation, anti-spasmodic and analgesic in Europe traditional medicine and most countries have had a special status and also in Iran since ancient is used as herbal extract, as well as salix extract has many therapeutic properties. Because this plant hasmany alkaloids, phenols andflavonoidsare constantly used for reducing the nerve pressure, treatment of chronic insomnia, depression, create a calming effect and appealed to the restoration of skin.With noticeof synthetic drugsside effects and economic issues we sensed to need that to compare of anti-anxiety and pre anesthetic effects of the extracts of this plant with the synthetic drugs. Methods: In different groups of Wistar male rats, the extract ofSalix Aegyptiacawith doses of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg and diazepam with 1.2 mg/kgwere injected andDimethyl sulfoxide with the same volume 30 minutes prior to the assessment of the effects of sedation and anesthesia (sleeping period induced with ketamine) with the dose of 40 mg/kg was injected and for evaluating of the anti-anxiety effects ''Elevated plus maze''was used. Results: The achieved results represent a significant increase for sleeping that induced by ketamine, as well as a significant increase in the time expired in the open arms in the treated group with 200 mg/kg of extract.Conclusion: The results showed that the salixextract with a dose of 200 mg/kg has the effects of pre-anesthesia, and anti-anxiety.
Keywords: Anti-anxiety, Diazepam, Elevated plus maze, SalixAegyptiaca, Sedative.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Proficient Handling and Restraint of the Laboratory Animal Rat (Rattus Norvegicus) Facilitate Essential Biochemical and Molecular Level Studies in Biomedical Sciences |
| Country | : | Pakistan |
| Authors | : | Mudassar Manzoor, Sana Raza, BushraChaudhry |
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: | 10.9790/3008-0622133 |
Abstract: The laboratory rat is an important animal model which has been used extensively in the fields of biological, pharmaceutical, behavioral and biomedical sciences. There are several laboratory procedures which are implemented on this model repetitively. These procedures require proper handling and restraint of the rat. A good amount of general information is available at several places on web. Knowledge about safe and effective rat handling techniques and methods are mandatory to learn before starting experiments on animal models. Avoidance of stress and discomfort of the rat is very important for the overall outcome of an experimental study. Here we address and review someessential techniques to handle difficulties of working with the laboratory rat (RattusNorvegicus) using our first-hand experience from an animal care and safety perspective in moderately available animal facility especially for developing countries.
Keywords: Handling and Restraint techniques,Rats,Anesthesia, Euthanasia, Safety
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Molecular and Bacteriological Examination of Cow Milk in Coliform Mastitis |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | J.R. Kavitha and T. Devasena |
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: | 10.9790/3008-0623440 |
Abstract: In the present study, 20 samples of milk of cow, pasteurized milk were collected from the local market and were analyzed for microbial count and IMViC tests to determine the coliform load in the sample. Further, the presence of E. coli (KC795687) was confirmed by using PCR and 16srna sequencing. Majority of the milk samples of different origin were found to be contaminated by the coliform group of bacteria. The samples were found to be positive for E. coli by PCR analysis and 16srna sequencing. Pasteurized milk samples did not showed presence of E. coliby PCR, but they showed considerable count of bacterial growth by total plate count method. The results indicated that analyzed milk could contribute a potential risk for public health in the cases that it was consumed or used in the production of dairy products without being pasteurized or being subjected to a sufficient heat process. Moreover, PCR is less labor intensive, more rapid for bacterial identification and it further confirmed in 16srna sequencing.
Key Words; PCR-Polymeric chain Reaction, IMViC-Indole methyl red, vogues proskaur, citrate utilization test.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Evaluation of antifungal activity of gel based hand wash using Camellia sinensis (Green tea) and Myristica fragrans (Nutmeg) |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Jolly Mariam Johny*, P.Saravanakumari |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0624145 |
Abstract: Hydro-ethanolic extracts of Camellia sinensis (Green tea) and Myristica fragrans (Nutmeg) were prepared and phytochemical screening analysis was done. Using Dr. Duke's phytochemical and ethanobotanical databases, the bioactive compounds pooled out were used as ingredients in the formulated gel based hand wash. In vitro antifungal assay of extracts was performed; its MIC values were estimated and compared with antifungal agents. A gel based hand wash was formulated using Camellia sinensis (Green tea) and Myristica fragrans (Nutmeg), and evaluated by physical parameters like, colour, odour, spreadability, pH and overall appearance of the formulation. The present study also assess the antifungal activity of Camellia sinensis (Green tea) and Myristica fragrans (Nutmeg) handwash gel against target fungal species.
Keywords - Camellia sinensis (Green tea), Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethanobotanical databases, Hydro-ethanolic extracts, In vitro antifungal activity, Myristica fragrans (Nutmeg)
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Nutritional Analysis of Edible Wild Fruit (Zizyphus Jujuba Mill.) Used By Rural Populace of District Hamirpur, (H.P.), India |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Anju Batta Sehgal* and S.K. Sood |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0624649 |
Abstract: Wild edible plants form an important constituent of traditional diets in Himalayas. People of Hamirpur District are very close to Nature wild fruits like Zizyphus jujuba Mill. are one of the important natural resources in the district. The indigenous people of the district have direct dependence on the wild plants for their sustenance. Hundreds of wild edible plants are present in the north- western Himalayas, out of which the 'Ber' Zizyphus jujuba Mill. has its religious as well as nutritional advantage over the others. Because of the easy accessibility the fruits are very commonly eaten by the rural populace and the travellers. Biochemical analysis of the dried fruits showed remarkable presence of Carbohydrates 69.12%, Total sugars 27.75%, Phosphorus 133mg/100g, Calcium 199.19mg/100g, Magnesium 84.69mg/100g and Iron 4.15mg/100g on dry weight basis. In other words an important supplementary diet for giving strength to otherwise poor and deprived lot. The present communication aims to highlight the fruits eaten by the inner country side people and what nutritional components are they getting in return.
Key Words: Nutritional Analysis, Wild Edible, Hamirpur District, Indigenous.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Isolation and Characterization of Thermostable Protease Producing Bacteria from Soap Industry Effluent. |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Shivangi Thakur , Dr. Ela Tiwari |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0625052 |
Abstract: This study is a search for potential thermostable protease producing strain. Among nine protease producing strains screened from soap industry effluent, one was selected as promising thermostable protease producer and identified as Bacillus subtilis. The activity of the protease produced by this organism is stable up to 70ºC. The optimum yield was achieved after 48 hours of culture, at 65ºC with the pH 8.0. The maximum protease activity was observed at 65ºC and at pH 8.0.
Key Words: Thermostable protease; Bacillus subtilis; Soap industry effluent.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Ethnobotanical Importance of Some Highly Medicinal plants of District Muzaffarabad, Pakistan with special reference to the Species of the Genus Viburnum |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Zahid Iqbal Awan, Habib-ur-Rehman, Ashfaq Ahmed Awan, Fiaz Aziz Minhas, Mohammad Nasir Khan |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0625366 |
Abstract: An ethnobotanical exploration was carried out in Muzaffarabad and its adjoining areas including Jhelum Valley of the District Muzaffarabad during 2010-2011. All the plants with the ethnobotanical importance were identified and segregated separately. The region is entirely mountainous, having sub-tropical to dry temperate climate with distinct seasonal variations. This study mainly focused on the information regarding traditional uses of plants over the years by local inhabitants. The informations were then confirmed by Hakims and the old people of the areas. During the survey informations were collected from various sites, i.e. Noon Bagla, Rahim Kot, Danna Kachilee, Kot Terhala, Sanwarrian, Chikar, Chikothi, Kathiee, Qazi Nag, Rashian, Daokhun, Mojee, Lamnian, Nardaggian, Pandu, Hatian Balla, Ghahi Dopatta, Chinnari, Rabanee, Bani Hafiz, Domel, Hattian Dopatta, Khanssian, Nandi Ka Sar, Sing Paharee,Nari Bela, Khalla Butt and Leepa. The plants were used medicinally and for other purposes. The investigations resulted that usually one plant or a mixture of two or more plant is used. The unplanned exploitation had resulted in the loss of medicinally important plant species. It was concluded that afforestation programme followed by proper protection is need of time. Keywords- District Muzaffarabad, Ethnobotanical, Jhelum Valley, Local Community, Viburnum.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Micro organisms living in zinc contaminated soil - a review |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Akhilesh Joshi, Soumana Datta, Priyanka Jaiswal |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0626772 |
Abstract: Zinc (Zn) has important effect on soil microbes; resultant of its ability to enhance as well as reduce activity depends on its concentration. Heavy metal contamination in soil is affecting animals, human and crop as well. As a result of industrialization for example smelting of metals, mtants.
Keywords: Smelting, metal pollution, soil mining, electroplating, energy and fuel production, fertilizer, gas exhaust, municipal waste generation sewage and pesticide application, municipal waste generation, etc. Metal pollution is among one of the drastic ecological threats today. In several researches the effects of various solution of Zn on soil microbial communities and activities were analyzed by different concentration of Zn into a surface soil. Research lead to finding that, soil microorganisms is highly sensitive to metal concentration. Metal exerted poisoning impact after high amount was added. Higher concentration resulted slower growth of microbes. Levels of zinc in excess of 500 ppm in soil compete with other essential metals, such as iron and manganese for plant uptake. We can conclude that soil microbial communities and activities can adapt to Zn pollution to a certain extent. The micro organisms can play a substantial job in the remediation of heavy metals and other polluicroorganism, heavy metal, remediation, Zinc.
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inc. http://www.geocaching.com/seek/cache_details.aspx?guid=a5950ffb-e27f-4ba0-8568-c66470b6f69f . Assessed on 24 October 2012.
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[4] C. O. Nweke, C. S. Alisi, J. C. Okolo, C. E. Nwanyanwu. Toxicity of Zinc to heterotrophic bacteria from a tropical river sediment Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B.1526, Owerri, Nigeria. Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Nigeria.
[5] D. Sobolev and M. F. T. Begonia. Effects of Heavy Metal Contamination upon Soil Microbes: Lead-induced Changes in General and Denitrifying Microbial Communities as Evidenced by Molecular Markers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 5(5), 2008, 450-456.
[6] J. Handelsman and P. W. Lawrence. Ecology and Industrial microbiology Microbial diversity sustaining the Earth and industry. Current Opinion in Microbiology, 5, 2002, 237–239.
[7] Y. Zhou, J.Yao, M. M. Choi, Y. Chen, H. Chen, R. Mohammad, R. Zhuang, F. Wang, T. Maskow and G. Zaray. 2010. A combination method to study microbial communities and activities in Zinc contaminated soil. University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China. [8] J. Richard, M. Philip, J.Andrew. and C. John. Cultivation dependent and Independent Approaches for Determining Bacterial Diversity in Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 69(6), 2003.
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[10] W. B. Chui, M. Francesca, A. Farooq, O. Yumiko and S. Satoru. 2010. The Effect of Zinc Exposure on the Bacteria abundance and Proteolytic Activity in Seawater. Center for Marine Environmental Studies Ehime University.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Physiological, Biochemical and Modern Biotechnological Approach to Improvement of Rauwolfia serpentina |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Poonam Chowdhary, Shipra Agrawal and Sanjay Mishra |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0627378 |
Abstract: Rauwolfia serpentina also known as Sarpagandha (Apocynaceae) is an integral part of Ayurvedic medical system in India for over centuries for the treatment of various ailments. The leaves and roots ofRauwolfiaserpentina contain alkaloids which are secondary metabolites. Major alkaloids identified are Reserpine, Rauwolfine, Serpentine, Sarpagine, Ajmaline, Yohimbine and Ajmalicine.The present paper is an overview of the studies concerning with physiological, biochemical and modern biotechnological approach to improvement of Rauwolfiaserpentina.
Keywords: Rauwolfia serpentina; medicinal plant; micro-propagation; tissue culture; Leaf / Root explants; Growth regulators; Auxins; Reserpine.
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[4] Pullaiah J. Medicinal plants in India, Vol. II. New Delhi: Regency Publ; 2002; pp 441-443.
[5] Balandrin, M.J. and J.A. Klocke, 1988. Medicinal, aromatic and industrial materials from plants.In Y.P.S. Bajaj (ed.), Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry. Medicinal and Aromatic Plant, vol. 4.Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 1-36.
[6] Phillipson, J.D. 1990. Plants as source of valuable products.In B.V. Charlwood, and M.J.C. Rhodes (eds.), Secondary Productsfrom Plant Tissue Culture. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 1-21.
[7] RamachandraRao, S. and G.A. Ravishankar. 2002. Plant cell cultures: Chemical factories of secondary metabolites. Biotechnol. Adv. 20: 101-153.
[8] Farooqi AA, Sreeramu BS. Cultivation of medicinal and aromatic crops. Hyderabad: Uni Press; 2001; pp 210-211.
[9] Roja G, Heble MR. Indole alkaloids in clonal propagules ofRauwolfiaserpentina. Plant Cell Tissue Org Cult 1996; 44(2): 111- 115.
[10] Pandey VP, Kudakasseril J, Cherian E, Patani G. Comparison of two methods for in vitro propagationofRauwolfia serpentine from nodal explants. Ind Drugs 2007; 44: 514-519.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Radiation Response of Bacteria Associated with Human Cancellous Bone |
| Country | : | Bangladesh |
| Authors | : | Naznin Akhtar*, Fahmida Binte Atique, Md Mamun Miah, and S. M. Asaduzzaman |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0627984 |
Abstract: Cancellous bones from twenty five live tissue donors were tested for bacterial contamination and initial bioburden ranged from 4.1×101 to 3.1×103 cfu/g (average 9.0×102 cfu/g). Forty six representative bacterial isolates were characterized on the basis of morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics. Staphylococcus spp. was found to be predominant contaminant in tissue samples (41.30%). To assess the radiation resistance all the bacterial isolates were exposed to 1 to 10 kGy gamma radiation from 60Co gamma source. The radiation decimal reduction dose values (D10) and twelve log reduction values (12 D value) of the isolates were calculated. D10 values of the isolates were ranged from 0.59 to 1.20 kGy. Among the studied bacterial isolates, Streptococcus spp. was the most radioresistant isolates (D10 value 0.93-1.20 kGy) and three of the Streptococcus spp. survived up to 8 kGy. All the bacterial isolates were killed at 9 kGy. Twelve log reduction value (12D value) of the most resistant isolate was 14.4 kGy. These results indicate that standard radiation sterilization dose (25 kGy) is satisfactory for the sterilization of the cancellous bone allografts. Keywords- Bioburden, Cancellous bone, Radiation resistance, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Sterilization
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[2] D.P. Grogan, V. Kalen, K.J. Ross-Guidera, and L.I. Pugh, Use of allograft bone for posterior spinal fusion in idiopathic scoliosis, Clin Orthop, 369, 1999, 273–278.
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[6] M.A. Kainer, J.V. Linden, D.N. Whaley, H.T. Holmes, W.R. Jarvis, D.B. Jernigan, and L.K.. Archibald, Clostridium infections associated with musculoskeletal-tissue allografts, New Engl J Med, 350, 2004, 2564–2571.
[7] T. Eastlund, Bacterial infection transmitted by human tissue allograft transplantation, Cell Tissue Banking, 7(3), 2006, 147–166.
[8] H. Nguyen, and D.A.F. Morgan, Sterilization of allograft bone: is 25 kGy the gold standard for gamma irradiation?, Cell Tissue Banking, 8, 2007, 81–91.
[9] C.R. Balsly, A.T. Cotter, L.A. Williams, B.D. Gaskins, M.A. Moore, and L. Wolfinbarger, Effect of low dose and moderate dose gamma irradiation on the mechanical properties of bone and soft tissue allografts, Cell Tissue Banking, 9, 2008, 289–298.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Comparative Analysis of the Different Brassica OleraceaVarieties Grown on Jos, Plateau Using Albino Rats. |
| Country | : | Nigeria. |
| Authors | : | Mohammed, A, Luka, C.D |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0628588 |
Abstract: This study was carried out to determine and compare the phytochemical, anti-nutrients, proximate composition and the effects of Brassica oleracea varieties on hepatic and erythropoietic parameters such as liver enzymes and packed cell volume (PCV) respectively. Fresh samples of the different varieties of Brassica oleracea namely: Brassica oleracearepa(Chinese cabbage), Brassica oleracearupetris(red cabbage) and Brassica oleraceapeviridis(green cabbage) were collected from Kasa in Plateau state, Nigeria, and were identified. After the authentication of these samples, the effect of gastric inturbation (oral administration) of the aqueous extracts on Male White Albino rats was observed for 14days. Each of the three (3) varieties were analysed for proximate composition, phytochemicals and anti-nutrients. It was observed that Brassica olereceais an important source of nutrients, particularly minerals. However, the high content of anti-nutritional factors such as cyanides, tannins, oxalates and phytic acids make these minerals bio-unavailable due to the process of chelation. It was also observed that the 3 varieties could have possible effects in the reduction of packed cell volume (PCV)/ Haemoglobin (Hb) levels and in the elevation of liver enzymes activity (Alkaline phosphate, ALT and AST). One could therefore conclude that there is a change in PCV/Hb levels and liver enzymes activity of extract-fed subjects from Brassica oleraceavarieties to the control subjects from normal diet.
Keywords: Antitnutritionalfactors,Brassica oleracea, Liver enzymes,oral inturbation,Phytochemical, Proximate composition.
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[4] E.W Chipman and E. Thorpe . Effects of maturity and frost on the leaf colour of storage cabbage.Canadian journal of plant science.1978, 59: 429-435
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[7] C. Sousa1, P. Valentão, M. david, Phytochemical and Antioxidant Characterization of Brassica oleraceaVar. CostataExtracts 18,2009, 311-339
[8] E.U Onyeka and I.O. Nwambekwe,Phytochemical profile of some green leafyvegetables in South East Nigeria., Nig. Food J. 2007, 25:67-76.
[9] P.K. Emebu and J.U. Anyika.Vitamin and Antinutrient Composition of Kale (Brassica oleracea) Grown in Delta State, Nigeria.Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 10 (1)2011, 76-79.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | A Fossil Dicot Wood Aeschynomenoxylon Mohgaonsesp.Nov From The Deccan Intertrappean Beds Of Mohgaonkalan, M.P., India |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | A.M. Yadav, M. Bhowal, S. D. Narkhede |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0628992 |
Abstract: The Deccan Intertrappean flora is mostly silicified and often very well preserved, representing the groups Thallophyta (fungi, algae and charophytes), water ferns, conifers and angiosperms with both monocotyledons and dicotyledons. The present wood is collected from the Deccan Intertrappean beds of Mohgaonkalan. The wood is angiospermic diffuse porus, vessels solitary and in multiples of two, usually small, occasionally of medium size. Xylem parenchyma scanty with paratracheal vasicentri type, Intervascular pitting are simple and alternate.Perforation plate simple. Fibers are non-septate and storied. Wood rays uniseriate only. Rays are homogenous and made up of procumbent cells only. It show its affinities with the reported species of Aeschynomene. Keywords: Angiospermic,Homogenous, Intertrappean, Mohgaonkalan and Thallophyta.
[1]. Rode, K. P.,A silicified dicotyledonous wood,Dryoxylon mohgaonse sp. nov. from the Deccan Intertrappean beds of India. Journal of Indian Botanical Society. 15(2), 1936, 131-138.
[2]. Prakash, U., Studies in the Deccan Intertrappean flora, 2 further observation on Dryoxylon mohgaonse, Rode, Palaeobotanist, 5(2), 1957, 104-108.
[3]. Shallom, L. J., A fossil dicotyledonous wood from the Deccan Intertrappean beds of Mahurzari,Journal of Indian Botanical Society, 37(4), 1958, 492-498.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | A Retrospective Study to Investigate Association among Age, BMI and BMD in the Postmenopausal Women |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Jharna Shukla, Purnima Dey Sarkar, Angoorbala Bafna, Nupur Shukla |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0629396 |
Abstract: Bone strength (and, hence, fracture risk) is dependent on many qualities of bone, of which bone mineral density (BMD) is the most commonly measured. Association between advancing age and lower body mass index (BMI) is an important risk factor in the occurrence of low BMD. This study was aimed at evaluation of the association among age, BMI and status of BMD among 159 age matched postmenopausal women who underwent Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptimetry (DEXA) scan. The study population was divided into three groups on the basis of body mass index (BMI) as normal weight, obese and severely obese. The mean bone mineral density (BMD) of obese and severely obese postmenopausal women was found to be significantly higher (P value < 0.001) as compared to the mean BMD of normal weight women. Significant negative correlation was found between the age and BMI except in severely obese group (P value < 0.05). Age and BMD in all the three groups correlated negatively (P value < 0.01) in all the three groups. BMD and BMI in the normal weight group significantly correlated negatively (P value < 0.05) while a very weak positive but insignificant correlation existed between the same in the obese and severely obese postmenopausal women. The study revealed that with advancing age BMD is lowered and that higher BMI might have a positive influence (although not significant as observed in the present study) on the BMD. Other factors like exposure to sunlight, calcium intake, diet etc should also be investigated which could not be probed in the present study as it was a retrospective analysis.
Key words: BMD, BMI, Postmenopausal women, retrospective
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