Volume-6 ~ Issue-6
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | A comparative study of various diagnostic techniques for Cryptosporidiosis |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Nautiyal S., Pinto M. J. W., Rodrigues S. |
 |
: | 10.9790/3008-0660106  |
Abstract: Diarrhoeal disease is a common complication of infection with HIV. Cryptosporidium has gained importance as an AIDS indicator disease and a cause of intractable diarrhoea in immunosuppressed individuals. This warranted a study of stool specimens of HIV positive patients with (n=60) and without (n=60) diarrhoea along with their HIV negative counterparts (n=200). Microscopic examination for ova and cysts were done using wet mount and Lugol's iodine preparation. Smears were stained with Kinyoun Cold Acid Fast (KCAF) and Auramine 'O' fluorochrome (AOF) staining methods to identify Cryptosporidium oocysts. ELISA using Cryptosporidium microplate assay (alexon Inc) for detection of Cryptosporidium antigen was conducted on all stool specimens. By KCAF staining detection of Cryptosporidium in HIV positive subjects with diarrhoea was 20%, by AOF it was 7.5% and by ELISA the detection rate went up to 30%. All the detailed result were statistically compared taking KCAF staining as gold standard which revealed AOF staining to have sensitivity of 36.67% and specificity of 99.31% while ELISA was found to have sensitivity of 83.88% and specificity of 96.55%. Keeping in mind the present scenario of HIV infection in India and more so in Goa, it is recommended to include detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts in routine parasitological examination of stool specimens and an urgent need to standardize a gold standard for various diagnostic tests presently available.
Key words: Auramine 'O' fluorochrome staining, Cryptosporidiosis, ELISA for Cryptosporidium antigen, Kinyoun Cold Acid Fast staining.
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[10] Tzipori S, Angus KW, Campbell I, Grey EW. Cryptosporidium: evidence of a single species genus. Infect. Immun. 1980;30: 884-6
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | A Fossil Gymnospermous Leaf Gnetalophyllum deccanii gen. et sp.nov. From The Deccan Intertrappean Beds of Mohgaonkalan, M.P., India |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | S. D. Narkhede, A. S. Khursel |
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: | 10.9790/3008-0660710 |
Abstract: Mohagaonkalan is the well known locality of the Deccan intertrappean series of Chhindwara district, of Madhya pradesh belonging to upper most cretaceous period. The present fossil leaf Gnetalophyllum deccanii collected from the deccan Intertrappean beds of Mohgaonkalan. The leaf is Gymnospermous, triangular in shape with ridges and furrows. Mesophyll undifferentiated, transfusion tissues are totally absent and vascular tissue present in radiating arm fashion. On comparison it shows close affinities with the order Gnetales. It measures 3099um in length along with lamina and 1433μm in width in the median region were as 1033μm in the laminar region.
Keywords: Deccan, Gymnospermic, Intertrappean, Mesophyll,Triangular.
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[2]. Kapgate, D. K. (1982) Study of Mega and Micro fossil flora from the Deccan Intertrappean series of India. Ph. D. Thesis, Nagpur University, Nagpur..
[3]. Kumar, A. S. (1984) Research on Deccan Intertrappean flora of india Ph. D. Thesis, Nagpur University, Nagpur.
[4]. Narkhede,S.D.&Qurashi,S.P.(2004) A new petrified leaf from the Deccan Intertrappean beds of Mohgaonkalan, M.P.,India, Proc.National Sympo.Bioresources &Bioenterprise pp.28-32.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | In vitro regeneration of multiple shoots from encapsulated somatic embryos of Artemisia vulgaris L. |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | M. S. Sudarshana, Rajashekar N., Niranjan M. H., Rezwan Karami Borzabad |
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: | 10.9790/3008-0661115 |
Abstract: A protocol has been established for plant regeneration from encapsulated somatic embryos of Artemisia vulgaris L. Encapsulated somatic embryo of A. vulgaris gave better response at 2% alginate, 75mM calcium chloride hardened for 30 minutes. Morphogenic response and percentage of conversion into plantlets of encapsulated beads on storage and temperature effect were studied. Further, encapsulated somatic embryo retrieved from storage conditions was evaluated for its viability. The encapsulated embryos can be stored upto 4 months at 40C, 200C and 220C. Maximum conversion frequency of 90% was observed from encapsulated somatic embryos cultured on MS medium supplemented with GA3 (1.5mg/l), IAA (0.5mg/l) and Ascorbic acid (40mg/l) and 22oC temperature was found to be optimum irrespective of storage periods. In the present investigation, the development of multiple shoots from a single synthetic seed is a recent record.
Keywords: Artemisia, somatic embryo, encapsulation, synthetic seeds, cold storage. Abbreviations: BAP- benzylaminopurine; GA3 – gibberellic acid; MS-Murashige and Skoog medium
[1]. AH Gilani, S Yaeesh, Q Danial and Ghayur MN. Hepatoprotective activity of aqueous-methanol extract of Artemisia vulgaris. Phytotherapy Research 19,2005,170-172.
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[7]. SL Kitto 1997. Commercial Micropropagation. Horticultural Science 32, 1012-1014.
[8]. S Decruse, S Seeni and P Pushpangadan. 1999. Effect of cryopreservation on seed germination of selected rare medicinal plants of India. Seed Science and Technology 27: 501-505.
[9]. AT Gray, and HM Brent. 1986. Establishing a micropropagation system for American ginseng (Panax quinquiefolium). Horticultural Science 21: 232-236.
[10]. K Redenbaugh, JA Fuji, and D Slade. 1991. Synthetic seed technology. In vasil I.K. (Ed.) Cell culture and somatic cell genetics of plants. Acad. Press, 8: 35-74.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Laser Evoked Bio-stimulation for Bone Fracture Healing (Case Report Study) |
| Country | : | Egypt |
| Authors | : | Emad Hamdy Guber, Osama Fekry Ahmed |
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: | 10.9790/3008-0661618 |
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The stimulating effect of low level laser phototherapy on bone healing has been shown in a number of in vitro and animal studies. However, the effect of LLLT on the bone healing in human has not been previously wide demonstrated. The article reports an accidentally injury pattern and reported as fractures of the mid third of the left tibia. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this case study was to demonstrate the biological effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on tibial fractures treated surgically using radiographic, examinations. CASE REPORT: The case hospitalized for conventional surgery and followed by applying Low Level Laser Therapy LLLT to enhance and accelerate the bone fracture healing of the left tibia using the effect of laser bio-stimulation. Radiological x-ray imaging evaluation follow up for our case showed a significant bone healing rate as result of exposure of Diode Laser 650 nm with energy density of 5 J/cm2 three times/week for one month. Radiographic findings revealed no significant fracture callus thickness difference before using LLLT however, the fractures showed significant callus formation after using LLLT. CONCLUSION: The study suggests that LLLT accelerates the process of fracture repair or cause increases in callus volume
Keywords: Low Level Laser, Laser bio-stimulation, and bone fractures healing
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[3] Initial effects of low-level laser therapy on growth and differentiation of human steoblast-likecells. Stein E, Koehn J, Sutter W, Wendtlandt G, Wanschitz F, Thurnher D, Baghestanian M, Turhani D.Department of Cranio- Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2008; 120(3-4):112-7.
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[7] Kawasaki K, Shimizu N. Effects of low-energy laser irradiation on bone remodeling during experimental tooth movementinrats.Laser SurgMed 2000;26(3):282-91.
[8] Pereira CL, Sallum EA, Nociti FH Jr, Moreira RW. The effect of low-intensity laser therapy on bone healing around titanium implants: a histometric study in rabbits. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2009 Jan-Feb;24(1):47-51.
[9] AboElsaad NS, Soory M, Gadalla LM, Ragab LI, Dunne S, Zalata KR, Louca C. Effect of soft laser and bioactive glass on bone regeneration in the treatment of bone defects (an experimental study). Lasers Med Sci. 2009 Jul;24(4):527-33. E pub 2008 Jul 15.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Dietary Supplementation with Calcium in Healthy Rats Administered with Artemisinin –based Combination Therapy and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Emmanuel O Ajani, Fisayo A Bamisaye, Ogunsola Margaret O., Bamidele A. Salau |
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: | 10.9790/3008-0661923 |
Abstract: Reports on the role of calcium on predisposition to cardiovascular disease have been rather inconsistent while studies on its interaction with other medications are ongoing. We therefore investigated the effect of separate and combine administration of calcium supplement with artemisinin-based combination drug on hepatic and serum lipid profile. Thirty two male wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups of eight rats each. The control (group A) received normal saline. Group B and D were placed on 10mg/Kg calcium twice daily for four weeks. On the thirtieth day, therapeutic dose of artemisinin-based combination was simultaneously administered to group C and group D twice daily for three days. All the rats were then sacrificed after 12 hours fasting, blood was withdrawn and the liver removed and homogenized in an appropriate buffer. Biochemical analysis showed no significant (p>0.05) variation in hepatic triaacylglycerol in all the treated groups whereas calcium supplementation was observed to induce a significant (p<0.05) reduction in hepatic cholesterol. Significant elevations due to calcium supplementation were also observed in serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol level and atherogenic risk index with a concomitant reduction in serum HDL cholesterol. No significant change was observed in serum total cholesterol, triacylglycerol and serum lipoproteins in all other treatment groups. Our study suggests that calcium supplementation may predispose to cardiovascular disease and that its co administration with ACT may not aggravate nor reduced the predisposition risk.
Key words: Lipid profile, cardiovascular disease, calcium, ACT, malaria, Rat.
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[9]. E. O. Ajani, B. A. Salau, W. E. Olooto and F. A. Bamisaye. Plasma Electrolyte and Some Biochemical Changes Following Separate and Combined Administration of Calcium and Artemisinin- Lumefantrine Based Therapy. Asian J. Exp. Biol. Sci. 4(1), 2013, 97-102. [10]. J. Pasi, K. Peeter, Jarkko, K. Mika, F. Meng and S. Heikki. Increased calcium intake reduces plasma cholesterol and improves vasorelaxation in experimental renal failure Am. J. Physiol. Heart. Circ. Physiol, 285, 2003, H1882–H1889
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Prevalence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen among Undergraduate Students of Gombe State University, Gombe |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Wasa A. A, Maigana A. |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0662427 |
Abstract:Incidence of Hepatitis B virus among healthy asymptomatic students in Gombe State University was determined, this was in an effort of providing baseline data on the diseases burden, and the possible risk factors associated with the infection in the study population. A total of 100 serum samples were collected from volunteers and screened using rapid immune chromatographic test kits for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). The study revealed that 14% were HBsAg positive. The highest incidence rate of 18.2% (12) was recorded among the age group of 16-25 years, and males recorded the highest incidence rate of 20% (12), indicating that gender but not age might have greater influence on the infection (P= 0.05).
Key words: Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag), Incidence, Seropositivity, Seroprevalence, Age group, Gender
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[10]. B. S Ibrahim (2005) "Islamic Medicine: 1000 years ahead of its times". Journal of Islamic Medical Association. 2: 2-9
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Celiaco Mesenteric Trunk - A Case Report |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Dr. Anupama D., Assistant, Dr. R. Lakshmi Prabha Subhash |
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: | 10.9790/3008-0662829 |
Abstract: Variations in the branching pattern of abdominal aorta are quite common, knowledge of which is required to avoid complications during surgical interventions involving GIT and posterior abdominal wall. Celiac trunk & Superior mesenteric Arteries, the ventral aortic branches usually arise independently from Abdominal Aorta , one just above the other. Occasionally they arise from a common aortic origin. This study describes the anomalous origin of these ventral or pre aortic branches of abdominal aorta in the light of embryological and surgical basis. Knowledge of such variations has important clinical significance in abdominal operations like Small and large bowel surgeries , laparoscopic surgery, and radiological procedures in the upper abdomen or invasive arterial procedures. Keywords: Common celiaco mesenteric trunk(CMT), Celiac trunk(CT), Superior mesenteric artery(SMA), Aorta, Aneurysms, Thrombosis, Retro peritoneal procedures.
[1]. Vascular development in Cardio vascular System. In Langman's Medical Embryology. T.W. Saddler.11 th ed .p185-89.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Plant Growth-Promoting Activities and Molecular Characterization of Rhizobacterial Strains Isolated From Medicinal and Aromatic Plants |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | D. Malleswari, G. Bagyanarayana |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0663037 |
Abstract: Rhizosphere bacteria are known to influence plant growth by direct and indirect mechanisms. Development of an effective plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) inoculant necessitates the presence of a diverse set of traits that can help its colonization of the rhizosphere and survival under varying environmental conditions. In the present study, a total of 219 bacterial strains isolated from the rhizosphere of different medicinal and aromatic plants collected from different locations of Andhra Pradesh (India) were initially screened for their PGP activities. From the 219 isolates four bacterial strains were selected and tested for in vitro specific plant growth promotion activities such as ammonia production, IAA production, phosphate solubilization, HCN production and antifungal activity. These four isolates showed maximum plant growth promoting activities and further they were identified on the basis of colony morphology, gram staining and biochemical tests. These PGPR isolates were characterized through 16S rRNA gene sequencing which led to their identification as Pantoea sp. (Cf 7), Bacillus sp. (Cf 60) and Pseudomonas sp. (Te1, Av 30) respectively. Seed germination test was conducted by employing these strains under laboratory conditions on sorghum, maize and green gram seeds to investigate the effect of PGPR on the growth of seedlings. These PGPR isolates induced production of plant growth hormones (indole acetic acid), phosphate solubilization and ammonia production resulting in enhanced plant growth. Most of the isolates resulted in a significant increase in % of seed germination, shoot length, root length and vigor index of sorghum, maize and green gram seedlings. Therefore, the present study suggests that these PGPR isolates (Cf 7, Cf 60, Te1, Av 30) may be used as biofertilizers to enhance the growth and productivity of commercially important medicinal and aromatic plants.
Key Words: PGPR, PGP activities, medicinal and aromatic plants
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Effect of Different Physico-Chemical Parameters on Production ofAmylase by Bacillus Species. |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Neeraj Kumar Lohani, P. D .Trivedi, Divakar Joshi |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0663843 |
Abstract: The present study is concerned with the production of amylase by Bacillus species strain. In this study 12 bacterial strains were isolated and screened for their α-amylase activity. These strains were maintained on nutrient agar medium. Fermentation for the production of amylase was carried out in the enzyme production medium (EPM). All the 12 strains were tested for amylase production. On the basis of maximum amylase activity strain no.1 was selected for further studies. Different starch concentrations, 0.75,1.00,1.25%, pH labels 6.5,7.0,7.5,8.0, aeration (RPM), 100,120,140, temperatures 250C,280C,370C, and 400C and inoculums level 0.5%,1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0% were studied.
Key Words: Amylase, Bacillus species.
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[10]. Rehna, F.B, and K.Nand, 1989 perimenalery studies on the production of thermostable amylase by masochistic stain of bacillus licheniformis. Chem. Microbial, technol. Leberism. 12; 8-13.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Efficacy Studies of Hepatoprotective Drug Isolated from Eclipta prostrata. L. |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Veena, Jolly Mariam Johny |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0664447 |
Abstract: In the commercial market, medicinal herbs are used as raw drugs, extracts or tinctures. Isolated active constituents are used for applied research. Medicinal herbs are significant source of hepatoprotective drugs, Eclipta prostrata. L. with active principle Wedelolactone is the prime focus. In the present study to derive hepatoprotective drug, the herb E. prostrata was grown in the Periyar Maniammai College Campus, Vallam and 1kg of the plant leaves were collected and shade dried. Dried and powdered maetrial of E. prostrata was extracted with 80% ethanol. The active principle was isolated and identified by chromatographic technique. The protective effect of E. prostrata on Carbon tetrachloride induced acute liver damage was also studied with male wistar albino rats (180-230g). The protective effect was also undergone for histological studie
Keywords: Eclipta prostrata. L., Wedelolactone, Histological studies, Carbon tetrachloride induced acute liver damage
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[2]. Wink M., 1988. Plant breeding: Importance of secondary metabolites for protection against pathogens and herbivores – Theoretical and Applied.Genet., 75: 225-233.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Bioconversion of Penicillin to Cephalosporin |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Rahul Jaiswal, Dipak Vora |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0664854 |
Abstract: Cephalosporins are known as 3rd generation broad spectrum Beta lactam antibiotics, which can also be produced synthetically. Commonly, chemical ring expansion followed by an enzymatic removal of the phenylacetyl side chain is commonly employed to convert penicillin G into 7-aminodeacetoxycephalosporanic acid, the precursor for the manufacture of semisynthetic cephalosporins. This process requires several steps, is expensive and highly polluting. Thus there is a need to device a simple biological route to replace the chemical process. A mutant of Streptomyces clavuligerus NP1 was reported to converts Penicillin G to Deacetoxycephalosporin G (DAOG;phenylacetyl-7-aminodeacetoxycephalosporanic acid) enzymatically[5,8] . This enzyme, deacetoxycephalosporin synthase has the potential for the large scale transformation of Penicillin G to deacetoxycephalosporin. The present work studies the conditions required for efficient transformation of Penicillin G to Deacetoxycephalosporin using the wild type strain Streptomyces clavuligerus . Detection of cephalosporin was carried out using various methods. Additionally succinic acid formation was also studied as it could be used as a commercially important by product of the transformation. Deacetoxycephalosporin synthase also extracted and partially purified and characterised.
Keywords: Deacetoxycephalosporin synthase, Benzylpenicillin, Cephalosporin.
[1]. Adrio, J. L., J. Velasco, G. Soler, M. Rodriguez Saiz, J. L. Barredo, and M. A. Moreno. 2001. Extracellular production of biologically active deacetoxycephalosporin C synthase from Streptomyces. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 75:485-491.
[2]. Baez-Vasquez, M. A., J. L. Adrio, J. M. Piret, and A. L. Demain. 1999. Further studies on the bioconversion of penicillin G into deacetoxycephalosporin G by resting cells of Streptomyces clavuligerus NP-1. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 81:145-152.
[3]. Baker, B. J., J. E. Dotzlaf, and W. K. Yeh. 1991. Deacetoxycephalosporin C hydroxylase ofStreptomyces clavuligerus. Purification, characterization, bifunctionality, and evolutionary implication. J. Biol. Chem. 266:5087-5093.
[4]. Chia-Li, Yunn-Bor Yang, Wen-Ching Wang, Wen-Chi Liu,*Engineering Streptomyces clavuligerus Deacetoxycephalosporin C Synthase for Optimal Ring Expansion Activity toward Penicillin G, Appl Environ Microbiol. 2003 April; 69(4): 2306–2312.
[5]. Demain, A. L., and M. A. Baez-Vasquez. 2000. Immobilized Streptomyces clavuligerus NP1 cells for biotransformation of penicillin G into deacetoxycephalosporin G. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 87:135-140.
[6]. Dotzlaf, J. E., and W.-K. Yeh. 1987. Copurification and characterization of deacetoxycephalosporin C synthetase/hydroxylase from Cephalosporium acremoniumCephalosporium acremonium. J. Bacteriol.169:1611-1618.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Zooplanktonic Diversity and Trophic Status of Pashupatinath Pond in Relation To Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Its Water |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Deepali Amb, Vipul Sharma, Bhupendra Verma , Madhusudan Sharma |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0665557 |
Abstract: Present investigation were carried out to physico chemical characterstics and trophic status of Pashupatinath pond Mandsour (M.P.).water sample were collected seasonal basis for a period of December 2008 to September 2010 using plastic container .standard procedure were followed during collection ,preservation and analysis of water sample for various physicochemical and biological parameter . The water quality is remained moderately alkaline PH (8.11) while electrical conductivity (0.2176 ms/cm), TDS (187ppm) chloride (22.123ppm), Hardness(139.166ppm) and alkalinity (75.33ppm) show low mean value .Average dissolve oxygen levels were at (7.771 ppm) ,while average nitrate and phosphate The water remained modertly alkaline PH (7.95) while electrical conductance (0.2165ms/cm),TDS (153.66ppm)chloride (22.83ppm) hardness (138.66ppm )and alkalinity (62.166 ppm) showed low mean values .Average dissolved oxygen level were at (7.58 ppm ) while average nitrate and phosphate level were (0.2126ppm) and (0.5868 ppm) respectely .On the basis of water quality parameter .Mirzapur dam was found to be oligotrophic. A low density of Zooplankton were also observed during the study period.
KeyWords: oligotrophic lake, Physico chemical, primary production, Water-quality and Zooplanktonic diversity
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