Volume-7 ~ Issue-3
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Isolation, Characterization, Determination of Probiotic Properties of Lactic Acid Bacteria from Human Milk |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | J. R. Kavitha, T. Devasena |
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: | 10.9790/3008-0730107  |
Abstract: Probiotic mean live microorganisms that have beneficial effects on their host's health. Although probiotic strains can be isolated from many sources; for human applications the main criteria is being human origin. Breast milk is an important nutrient source for neonates. Lots of studies showed that this fluid has beneficial effects on the health of neonates. One reason of being beneficial is explaining by the micro flora of human breast milk including beneficial lactic acid bacteria. In this study, isolates were identified by biochemical and molecular characterization and also probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria, isolated from human milk were investigated. Two of the isolates were observed as potential probiotic. Two of them are bacilli. These isolates showed resistance to stomach pH (pH 3.0), tolerance against 0,3% bile concentration and antimicrobial activity against, Escherichia coli, Bacillus ceruse and Staphylococcus aureus and. After investigation the probiotic properties of these isolates, they were identified by biochemical characterization techniques and molecular identification by using Polymeric chain Reaction (PCR) of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and 16S sequencing. Two lactobacilli were identified as Lactobacillus rhamnosus (KF477283) and Lactobacillus casei. (KF477282) In the light of this study, it is observed that, human milk is a source of potential probiotic strains.
Keywords: PCR-Polymeric chain reaction, RNA-ribosomal RNA
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[8]. Chou, L.S and Weimer, B. 1999. Isolation and characterization of acid and bile tolerant isolates from strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus. Journal of Dairy Science 82:23- 31.
[9]. Chuayana, Jr. E.L., V. Ponce, C., Rivera, M.R.B., Cabrera, E.C. 2003. Antimicrobial activity of probiotics from milk products. Phil J. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 32(2):71- 74.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Effects of Magnesium on Mechanical Properties of Human Bone |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Raviraj Havaldar, S. C. Pilli, B. B. Putti |
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: | 10.9790/3008-0730814 |
Abstract: The human bone is multiphase material consisting of collagenous matrix interspread with mineral crystals. Magnesium participates in the normal formation and remodelling of bone. Magnesium deficiency has been associated with a number of clinical disorders including osteoporosis. The present investigation focuses on quantitative estimation of magnesium, an inorganic constituent of bone and determination of mechanical strength associated with magnesium namely tensile, compression, bending, torsion and shear loads. In particular, this investigation shows that bending strength in human bone is highly dependent on magnesium content of the bone. A correlation is developed to establish relationship between mechanical strength and magnesium composition. The study shows that quantity of magnesium present in the bone and ageing process are interdependent and are highly correlated.
Keywords: Bone, magnesium, mechanical strength, ageing process..
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Bacterial Isolates and Semen Analysis of Male Partners of Infertile Couples. |
| Country | : | Nigeria. |
| Authors | : | Chika P. Enwuru, Uchenna M. Agbasi, Sarah I. Umeh, Richard C. Egbuobi |
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: | 10.9790/3008-0731520 |
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Seminal tract infections alter the semen quality and affect the sperm parameters of men with varying degree of effect to male fertility. OBJECTIVES: This study was carried out to investigate the presence of infectious agents other than sexually transmitted infections in semen and their relation to semen parameters. METHODS: Five hundred and eighty-seven semen samples of males investigated for infertility were analyzed, inoculated on sterile culture media, and incubated for 24hrs at 37oC. The isolates were identified by standard biochemical tests and their antimicrobial susceptibility determined. RESULTS: Fifty-four percent of the samples had normal sperm concentration, 41.1% had oligospermia, and 4.9% had azoospermia. About 64.7% had normal viscous consistency, 23.0% were high viscous, and 12.3% low viscous. Also, 19.4% had highly motile permatozoa, 51.5% moderately, 27.6% poorly and 1.6% entirely non-motile spermatozoa. About 55.9% of the samples were infected with different nonspecific pathogens. CONCLUSSION: 55.9% of the semen samples were infected and this significantly affected the semen parameters. It is necessary to investigate male partners of infertile couples for infections and appropriate treatment initiated.
Key words: consistency, infection, morphology, Semen, spermatozoa
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Anti-diarrhoeal activities of the root bark methanol extract of Delonix regia in rats |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Ode O. J., Ajagbonna, O. P., Madubuike, S. A., Oladele, G. M., Ayuba, U. B. |
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: | 10.9790/3008-0732128 |
Abstract: The methanol extract of the root bark of Delonix regia was tolerated at the highest oral test dose of 4000 mg/kg in rats. The extract demonstrated significant anti-diarrhoea effects in three standard experimental models: castor oil–induced diarrhoea test, gastrointestinal motility test and castor oil–induced enteropooling test. The extract gave 61% and 89% inhibition of the experimentally-induced diarrhoea at 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively. In gastro-intestinal motility test, the transit point for 200 mg/kg extract was 24% and that of 400 mg/kg extract was 26% compared to 44% in the control. In enteropooling test, the root bark extract also demonstrated appreciable potency at 200 and 400 mg/kg in suppressing intraluminal fluid accumulation with resultant reduction in the weight and volume of the rat intestinal contents. The effects of the extract could be due to increase in the absorption of electrolytes and inhibition of the hypermotility of the intestine. The results of the study did not only support the folkloric use of the plant in diarrhoea therapy but also revealed the root bark of D. regia as a potential source of novel anti-diarrhoeal agents.
Key words: Atropine, Delonix regia, Diarrhoea, Enteropooling, Loperamide.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | E-test for Detection of Antimicrobial susceptibility of Vancomycin (Glycopeptides) in Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Flora Grace M. |
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: | 10.9790/3008-0732931 |
Abstract: E-test is a quantitative technique for determining the antimicrobial susceptibility of gram positive and gram negative bacteria. The system comprises a predefined antibiotic gradient which is used to determine the MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration), in μg /ml of different antimicrobial agents against microorganisms as tested on agar media using overnight incubation. MIC of a given antibiotic in μg /ml that will inhibit the growth of a particular bacterium under defined experimental conditions. E-test directly quantifies antimicrobial susceptibility in terms of discrete MIC values. However in using a predefined stable and continuous antibiotic concentration gradient, E-test MIC values can be more precise and reproducible than results obtained from conventional procedures. E-test microbial concentration gradient is preformed, predefined and stable and is not dependent on diffusion. MIC of 0.5 μg /ml, 1 μg /ml and 1.5 μg/ml were observed when Vancomycin E-test was used to determine the glycopeptide susceptibility in MRSA (Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus).
Keywords: Epsilometer, MIC, BSAC, AST, Susceptibility, MRSA, Vancomycin.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | D-Test for Detection of Antimicrobial Susceptibility in Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Flora Grace M. |
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: | 10.9790/3008-0733235 |
Abstract: Clindamycin is an alternative choice for mild to moderate MRSA infections especially in penicillin‐allergic patients. Clindamycin has been used to treat serious infections caused by susceptible Staphylococcus aureus strains in children for more than 30 years. It remains effective for many infections caused by community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA). The clinical implications of a positive D-test begin with an understanding of cross resistance for 3 antibiotic families that share a common binding site—macrolides (e.g., Erythromycin) Lincosamide (e.g.; Clindamycin), and group B streptogrammins. A positive D-test indicates the presence of MLSBi genotype. However, sub inhibitory concentration of Erythromycin is a common inducer of Inducible Clindamycin resistance (ICR). When Erythromycin diffuses, it induces, resistance to Clindamycin and results in flattening of the Clindamycin zone of inhibition just next to the Erythromycin disk, making a D shape, so this method is called D‐test. Susceptibility testing was performed according to BSAC (British society for antimicrobial chemotherapy) on isolates of Staphylococcus aureus by using the method of disk diffusion. All MRSA isolates processed were found to have positive D Test. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common human pathogens with ability to cause wide range of infections.
Keywords: Erythromycin, Clindamycin, Disc Diffusion, BSAC, MLSBc, MLSBi, ICR
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | In Silico Approach for Lead Identification and Optimization Of Antidiabetic Compounds |
| Country | : | Pakistan |
| Authors | : | Shabana bibi, Saima Kulsoom, Hamid Rashid |
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: | 10.9790/3008-0733646 |
Abstract: Diabetes is the group of metabolic diseases and today is the 3rd leading cause of death in humans. In the present study the problem of designing most effective antidiabetic drug was solved by using computer aided drug designing (CADD) technique. Molecular docking studies of antidiabetic compounds were carried out with human target protein having pdb id: 3Q6E in order to find out the most active antidiabetic drug having high inhibitory activity. Docking of 59 selected compounds having antidiabetic activity was done with the active site of protein 3Q6E and a most active lead compound was identified on the basis of strong binding interaction with target protein and IC50 value from the selected compounds. Three type of interactions were calculated by using VMD; Hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic and ionic interactions. Four analogues of the lead compound were designed to enhance its activity against diabetes. Analogues were docked with protein 3Q6E by using AutoDock Vina and their interactions showed that they could use as antidiabetic agent with suitable drug-like properties as compared to other active drugs for diabetes and therefore could be recommended for further studies.
Keywords: Molecular docking, diabetes, lead compound, analogous design.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Reducing Drug Wastage at Ward Level: Using Failure Mode Effects Analysis (Fmea) Tool |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | AR.Abdul Aziz, M B.Nishazini, H. Fareza, N A. Azizan |
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: | 10.9790/3008-0734756 |
Abstract: For year 2010, total value of drugs disposed was RM 8,575.50 due to expired or spoiled items returned from wards. The main reason was due to the failure of nurses to check the stock regularly. They only do the checking upon ordering of new stock from Pharmacy department. FMEA tool was selected by the Management to solve this problem. A special committee was set up to implement the FMEA in January 2011.The committee thru brainstorming session had developed seven steps in implementing the FMEA. At step three , Risk Priority Number (RPN) was determined. At step four with the highest RPN of 36, it was found that the failure mode of the system were due to failure of checking stock at ward level, not double checking of the drug received and wrong storage of drug at ward level. A new supply system was implemented at step five and monitoring of drug disposed started in July 2011. In this system ,pharmacy staff will go to the wards once a month to check stock of drugs kept at ward level. After the implementation of the new process, RPN was calculated again and it was found that the value was between 3 to 8 which was considered as low. Monitoring of compliance was done using ward check form based on storage condition, par level, labeling and packaging and non- conformances for spoilt and expired items. Compliance in term of drug storage was 100% and labeling compliance was 97.2% . However the compliance on par level was only 81.9% and in term of expiry date validity, the compliance was 96.5%. Based on FMEA , it was found that the main reason for expired/spoiled drugs is because of insufficient checking of ward stocks. Corrective actions are ongoing to improve further the process of supply by re-designing a new form of ward checking, re-modifying indenting process of ward stocks via the HITS system and conducting training and awareness. After implementing the new system, the value of drug disposed was RM 3,060.78 which was 94% lower. Therefore the study has shown remarkable results in reducing the amount of drug disposal which will help the organization to reduce the risk to patients and avoid wastage.
Key words: Drug wastage, Failure Mode Effect Analysis(FMEA) , Risk Priority Number (RPN)
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Production, Optimization, Purification, Testing Anti-Microbial and Dye Decolorizing Properties of Penicillin G Acylase from Penicillium chrysogenum. |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Balaji Mahendiran, Vigneshwaran Duraisamy, Anannya Mohapatra, Malarselvi Sethupathy |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0735765 |
Abstract: The enzyme Penicillin G Acylase (PGA) has been produced from Penicillium chrysogenum obtained from spoiled lemon sample. The physico-chemical parameters like carbon source, pH, temperature and media were optimized for higher production of enzyme. The enzyme was purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation followed by Dialysis and Ion-Exchange Chromatography and confirmed by TLC. The purified enzyme was tested for anti-microbial and dye-decolorizing properties. The enzyme showed a clear zone of inhibition when tested against few bacterial pathogens. Then the immobilized enzyme was tested for dye-decolourization activity against Congo red, which showed a very low activity as compared to that of Penicillium chrysogenum.
Keywords:Penicillin G Acylase, Optimization, Dye decolourization, Congo red, Anti-pathogenic effect, Ion Exchange Chromatography.
[1]. W. S. Adriano2, E. H.C. Filho1, J. A. Silva1, R. L. C. Giordano2 and L. R.B. Gonçalves1STABILIZATION OF PENICILLIN G ACYLASE BY IMMOBILIZATION ON GLUTARALDEHYDE-ACTIVATED CHITOSAN. Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol. 22, No. 04, pp. 529 - 538, October - December, 2005.
[2]. Vivek Tembhurkar1, Anuradha Patil2, Chetan Chaudhari3, Manjiree Kulkarni3, Sanjay Harke3 Penicillin Acylase Production By Micrococcus luteusandStaphylococcus spp. Isolated from Soda Lake IOSR Journal of Pharmacy Vol. 2(2) pp: 296-301, (2012)
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Post Transplant Human Cytomegalovirus Infection Can Provoke Acute Kidney Allograft Rejection |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Arpita Ghosh, Sushmita Jha, Nasifa Hasan, Sumit Ranjan Das, Sudip Roy |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0736669 |
Abstract: Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection can trigger immunological cascades leading to kidney allograft rejection. In this study we have selected 17 post renal transplant patients with negative Luminex Donor Specific Antibody (DSA) crossmatch and Complement Dependent Cytotoxicity (CDC) crossmatch with Anti Human Globulin (AHG) augmentation. All the 17 patients were detected with post transplant HCMV infection. 4 of the 17 patients were recognized with rejection symptoms identified histologically and among them 1 patient died. The patient who died was co- infected with blood stream Staphylococcus aureus.
Key words: Acute Rejection, Complement Dependent Cytotoxicity, Donor Specific Antibody, Human Cytomegalovirus, Kidney Allograft Transplantation.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Staphylococci Isolated From Hospital Out-Patients in Accident and Emergency Unit |
| Country | : | Nigeria. |
| Authors | : | Ojo, S. K. S., Onyechi, T. O., Esumeh, F. I. |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0737074 |
Abstract: S. aureus, a major pathogenic strain in man with wide antibiotic resistance profile vis-ӑ-vis the emerging resistance pattern encountered in coagulase-negative staphylococci to penicillin family and fluoroquinolones. Fifty (50) wounds and burns out-patients samples undergoing injury dressing in General Hospital was identified, characterized and evaluated for resistant pattern yielding 21(42%) Staphylococcus spp. with 18(86%) coagulase-positive strains and 3(14%) coagulase-negative staphylococci, 16(76%) mannitol fermenters and 5(24%) non-mannitol fermenters. The β-lactamase assay resulted in 6(28.6%) β-lactamase producers S. aureus and 1(4.8%) β-lactamase producer CoNS, while 14(67%) are non-β-lactamase producers. The resistance pattern of β-lactamase and non-β-lactamase producing staphylococci showed that the highest resistance pattern for Staphylococcus aureus group was observed with ampiclox, amoxicillin, ceftriaxone 15(83.3%), while in CoNS group, resistance was observed in cefuroxime, streptomycin, amoxicillin, ampiclox and gentamicin representing 2(66.7%) each. The MAR index for Staphylococcus spp. isolated ranges from 0.2 to 1.0 with 76.1% isolates showing resistance to at least 6 antibiotics. Therefore, resistance pattern of normal skin flora to regularly prescribed antibiotics is becoming alarming and demands health safety consciousness/awareness.
Keywords: wounds and burns, S. aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, β-lactamase, antibiotics
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Skin Permeation of Zidovudine from Crosslinked Chitosan Film Containing Terpene Enhancers for Transdermal Use |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Singh Nripendra, Upasani C. D. |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0737585 |
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to develop a crosslinked chitosan film with Sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP). of transdermal controlled delivery system for zidovudine as a model drug to overcome the many challenges associated with antiretroviral drug therapy. Films included 5 % w/w zidovudine of the dry polymer weight were prepared by the solution casting method using 2% chitosan polymer in 1% v/v acetic acid solution. Physical characteristics such as thickness, tensile strength, folding endurance, weight uniformity, moisture content, were performed., The ex vivo studies were carried out on male Wistar rat dorsal skin using Franz diffusion cell. DSC analysis showed that there was no significant interaction between the drug and polymers. Terpenes such as menthol, cineole, Oleic acid and Tween 80 were also employed as a chemical enhancer to improve the skin penetration of Zidovudine. In vitro skin permeation study showed that oleic acid was the most promising enhancer among the enhancers examined in the present study.
Keywords: Zidovudine, chitosan, penetration enhancers, in-vitro evaluation.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Effect of Determined Mineral Elements in Mesocarp of Balanites Aegyptiaca Fruit on Serum Electrolytes of Ccl4 Treated Rats |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Salihu, M., Akpabio, C. J., Oloyede, O. B., Mohammed, N. O. |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0738690 |
Abstract: This research assessed some of the mineral elements present in the mesocarp of the fruit of Balanites aegyptiaca and the effect of the fruits consumption on the serum electrolytes and kidney tissue enzymes of Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) treated rats. Sixty white albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) with average weight of 150 ± 11.45g assigned to four (4) groups were used to assess the effect of the aqueous extract of the mesocarp of the fruit Balanites aegyptiaca on the rats. Group 1 were the normal control (Nc), group 2 were the diseased control (Dc) group, group 3 and 4 are the test groups of animals orally administered with 0.08mgKg-1 of raw (Tr) extract and 0.19mg/kg of concentrated (Tc) extracts daily. The methods used were cell fractionation, homogenization, centrifugation and spectrophotometry. Magnesium (10.07±0.03ppm), Iron (5.3±0.50ppm), selenium (4.89±1.26ppm), copper (2.47±0.19ppm) and potassium (1.77±0.06ppm) were the major composition of determined minerals. The ash content was found to be 30.98±0.021% of the fruit mesocarp. The serum electrolytes showed that there was significant increase (p<0.05) in the serum calcium, potassium, and sodium ions of tested rats compared to the control rats. Also there were elevations in the level of total proteins, albumin and conjugated bilirubin, the kidney tissue specific enzymes activities (alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase) indicated a significant reduction (p<0.05) in levels on the test groups of rats compared to the diseased control. The result of this study shows some mineral elements in the fruit mesocarp of Balanites aegyptiaca, and their effects in the serum electrolytes and kidney tissue enzymes.
Keywords: Balanites aegyptiaca, Minerals, Carbon tetrachloride, kidney, Mesocarp, Enzymes.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Oncological profile among children of a rural Medical College of West Bengal, Eastern India |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Sanjay Halder, Sanjana Samanta, Dipak Patra, Ramakrishna Mondal, Asok Kumar Datta |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0739195 |
Abstract: The paediatric population (0-14 years of age) constitutes 32.4% of the total population of India . Paediatric neoplasms constituted 3.7-4% of all the cancers. More than 10% of all deaths in children below 15 years of age are caused by malignant diseases in developed countries . An attempt is made to describe the pattern of pediatric cancer seen at Rural Medical College, Bankura, West Bengal. Total number of patients registered during this 3.5 years period was 70. The most common malignancy in children was leukaemia, which constituted 60% of the cancer load, followed by lymphomas- 17.1%, CNS neoplasms -5.7%, Renal tumors(including Wilms' tumour)- 5.7% , neuroblastomas- 4.3% , germ cell tumours- 4.3%, retinoblastomas- 1.4% and hepatoblastoma -1.4% in the decreasing order of their frequencies.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Protocol for Rapid Clonal Multiplication Using In Vitro Apical Bud of Lavandula Angustifolia |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Dr. D. Leelavathi, Narendra Kuppan |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0739698 |
Abstract: The relevance of the present work is highlighted to produce large number of disease free planting material available to the farmers at an affordable price and also the establishment of repeatable protocol for clonal multiplication using in vitro apical bud of Lavandula angustifolia.
Keywords: BAP: 6-Benzyl Amino Purine, MSBM: Murashige and Skoog Basal Medium (1962), NAA: α- Napthalene Acetic Acid, μM: micro molar
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Mycoflora Detected from Seeds of Sesamum indicum L. in Sialkot, Pakistan |
| Country | : | Pakistan |
| Authors | : | Brian Gagosh Nayyar, Abida Akram, Muhammad Arshad, S. M. Mughal, Shaista Akhund and Saira Mushtaq |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-07399103 |
Abstract: Sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum L.) from various localities of Sialkot were analysed for their mycoflora by using Agar plate, Blotter paper and Deep freezing method. Agar plate and Deep freezing method yielded 22 and 21 fungal species respectively followed by Blotter paper method yielded 19 species. A total number of 36 species belonging to 10 genera of fungi were isolated. The prevalent genera were Penicillium (10 species), Alternaria (7 species), Fusarium (5 species), Cercospora and Cladosporium (4 species each). Penicillium was predominant followed by Alternaria and Fusarium. All detected fungi are the first record of mycolflora from sesame seeds in Sialkot, Pakistan.
Key words: Sesamum indicum, seed-borne, Agar plate, Blotter paper, Deep freezing method
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