Volume-7 ~ Issue-4
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Formulation and Evaluation of Oral Controlled Release Osmotic Tablets of Glimepiride |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | P. Sandhya, Hafsa Siddiqua, Ayesha sultana, M. Sunitha, R. Sunil |
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: | 10.9790/3008-0740107  |
Abstract: Glimepiride has a relatively short elimination half-life (5 h), thereby requiring twice or thrice daily dosing in patients, which may lead to non-compliance. Controlled release formulations of Glimepiride were developed based on osmotic technology. Formulation F9 was selected as optimized formulation. The effect of different formulation variable was studied to optimize release profile. The release rate increased significantly as the increase of osmogen ratio from 1:0.5 to 1:1. The release rate increased significantly with the increase of concentration of pore forming agent (PEG-400) as noticed from the dissolution profile of the formulations. Thus drug release was inversely proportional to the concentration of osmogen in the core and the amount of pore forming agents in the coated tablets. The drug release from developed formulations was independent of pH. The manufacturing procedure was standardized and found to be reproducible. Further studies are needed to investigate this formulation for its performance in vivo.
Keywords: controlled release, osmogen, osmotic technology, pore forming agent.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms of Impetigo Contagiosa Bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes) in Infants and the Efficacy of Bridelia ferruginea Benth. (Phyllanthaceae) and Terminalia avicennioides Guill. & Perr. (Combretaceae) Ethanol Extracts |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Cletus Anes UKWUBILE, Otalu OTALU Jr., Tajudeen Babatunde LAMIDI, Elijah Monday IGANGA |
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: | 10.9790/3008-0740818 |
Abstract: Medicinal plant extracts prepared with ethanol concentrations from the leaves and stem barks of Bridelia ferruginea and Terminalia avicennioides were screened for antibacterial activity against two Gram-positive bacteria that cause impetigo contagiosa skin infection in infants and young children. The antibacterial activity of the extracts (100 % absolute ethanol) was evaluated using micro-broth dilution method, for both the bacteria and the antibiotics. Plant extracts showed strong antibacterial action against Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Streptococcus pyogenes, while the antibiotics Erythromycin, Chloramphenicol, Ampicloxacin, Tetracycline and Cefroxime did not show strong antibacterial action at different concentrations of ethanol used. Of these extracts, Bridelia ferruginea showed the strongest activity at all concentrations. In the case of Erythromycin and Chloramphenicol, the antibiotics are chemically modified so that it will no longer bind to the ribosome to block protein synthesis, and an enzyme is produced that degrades the antibiotics, thereby inactivating them. The plant extracts were strongly inhibitory towards the MRSA strain unlike the antibiotics. MICs and MBCs varied from 2.5-5μg/ml to ≤ 5-10μg/ml respectively dilution levels and were in agreement with well assay results. The results showed that the pure extracts of the plants contained terpenes as the active antibacterial constituent, which is largely responsible for the efficacy of the extracts on the bacteria even MRSA strain. However, antibiotics like Cefroxime and Ampicloxacin are highly associated with colonization with "superbugs" compared to other antibiotic classes. A superbug, also called multi-resistant, is a bacterium that carries several resistance genes; the resistance was not strong compared with the plant extracts (p≤ 0.05). The study therefore, showed that ethanol extracts of B. ferruginea and T. avicennioides strongly inhibited the growth as well as kill impetigo contagiosa bacteria than all the antibiotics investigated, and these plants were very safe for ethno-medicinal prescriptions from the toxicity studies conducted.
Keywords: Antibiotic resistance, impetigo contagiosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Bridelia ferruginea, Terminalia avicennioides.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Comparison of Conventional and Modern Biomedical Tools Used for Diagnosis of Genital Tract Tuberculosis: An Overview |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Gargi Kumari, Divya Goel, Sanjay Mishra |
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: | 10.9790/3008-0741924 |
Abstract: Genital tuberculosis (TB) in women especially the Fallopian tubes and Endometrial is a major cause of chronic infertility in women in India. Due to the long and difficult treatment, it is mandatory to provide a definitive diagnosis of TB to help and motivate the patient for compliance. The present article is a compilation of comprehensive background literature concerning with comparison of conventional and modern biomedical tools used for diagnosis of genital tract TB, and may provide new insights into aiming to make a diagnosis in sterility patients that is due to TB, so that proper treatment can be given to treat the sterility.
Keywords: Genital tuberculosis; chronic infertility; Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Development and in-vitro evaluation of mucoadhesive gastroretentive matrix tablets of cephalexin |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | V. D. Yadav, V. D. Gaikwad, P. V. Gaikwad |
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: | 10.9790/3008-0742531 |
Abstract: Cephalexin is a semi-synthetic cephalosporin β-lactum antibiotic intended for oral administration used to treat urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections. The present investigation concerns the development and evaluation of single unit mucoadhesive drug delivery system of cephalexin. Mucoadhesive drug delivery system (MDDS) prevents degradation and remains the drug release in stomach or upper part of GIT for prolonged period of time, therefore the maximum drug release is maintained at desired site. After oral administration, are designed to prolong the gastric residence time, increase drug bioavailability and target the gastric infections. A mucoadhesive drug delivery system was developed using like mucoadhesive polymers and hydrocolloids, like hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC K100M), carbopol 934P and Sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (Sodium CMC). The prepared tablets were evaluated in terms of their physical characteristics, in vitro release, swelling index, mucoadhesive strength and scanning electron microscopy of optimized formulation. The formulations were optimized for different concentrations of HPMC, carbopol and Sodium CMC. The results of the in vitro release studies showed that the optimized formulation could sustain drug release for 12 h. The comparison of drug release profile of all formulations showed that formulations Fa1 which contains more amount of Carbopol 934p and fewer amounts of HPMC K100M and sodium CMC showed maximum drug release.
Keywords: Cephalexin, gastric residence time, hydrocolloids, mucoadhesive, SEM microphotographs
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Studies on Antibiotic Production by Soil Microflora and their Biochemical Characterization form Different Industrial Waste Polluted Soil Samples in (Uttar Pradesh & Uttarakhand) India |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Atul Pratap Singh, Sanjay Mishra |
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: | 10.9790/3008-0743243 |
Abstract: Throughout the ages, natural products have been the most consistently successful source of lead compounds that have found many applications in the fields of medicine, pharmacy and agriculture. Microbial natural products have been the source of most of the antibiotics in current use for the treatment of various infectious diseases. Since the discovery of penicillin in 1928, studies on soil bacteria and fungi have shown that microorganisms are a rich source of structurally unique bioactive substances. After Penicillin, many other drugs including chlortetracycline, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, erythromycin, rifamycin, lincomycin, cephalosporin C, vancomycin, erythromycin, nalidixic acid, amphotericin B, nystatin, and daunorubicin the antitumor agent were discovered from microorganisms. Currently, many of the pathogens implicated in infectious disease are rapidly developing resistance to the available antibiotics making treatment of these infections very difficult hence the need to look for more effective antibiotics.
Key words: Isolation of antibiotic producers, biochemical characteristics, collection of soil samples, different parameters of antibiotic producers etc.
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[8] Alali, F. Q., K. Tawaha, T. El-Elimat, R. Qasaymeh, C. Li, J. Burgess, Y. Nakanishi, D. J. Kroll, M. C. Wani, and N. H. Oberlies. 2009. Phytochemical studies and cytotoxicity evaluations of Colchicum tunicatum Feinbr and Colchicum hierosolymitanum Feinbr (Colchicaceae): two native Jordanian meadow saffrons. Natural Product Research 20:558-566.
[9] Balser, T. C., J. W. Kirchner, and M. K. Firestone. 2010. Methodological variability in microbial community level physiological profiles. Soil Science Society of America Journal 66:519-523.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Gastric Banding Reduces Weight through Ghrelin and Adiponectin Plasma Concentration in Obese Rat Models |
| Country | : | Indonesia |
| Authors | : | Koernia Swa Oetomo, Hidayat Sujuti, Mochammad Rasjad Indra, Kuntoro, Askandar Tjokroprawiro, Djanggan Sargowo |
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: | 10.9790/3008-0744451 |
Abstract: Obesity is caused by an imbalance of food intake and body expenditure. Obesity is often defined as a condition of abnormal or excess fat in adipose tissue that seriously damages the health. A national survey conducted in 2009 showed that from all provincial capitals in Indonesia, 8.1% of adult males (≥ 18 years) were overweight (BMI 25-27) and 6.8% were obese, 10.5% of females adults were overweight and 13.5% were obese. In the group age of 40-49 years, overweight or obese reached its peak of 24.4% and 23% in men, 30.4% and 43% in women. From body Mass Index 23.0 to 24.9, obese I (25.0 to 29.0) and obese II (≥ 30) indicate the risk of metabolic syndrome in Indonesian people and LAGB procedure should be considered. On the obesity condition, ghrelin and adiponectin decrease. On previous studies, it is known that there is a relationship between adiponectin, glucose, insulin, lipid parameters in both overweight / obese women and men. Ghrelin is secreted by the stomach into the blood circulation. Treatment of obesity can be done with diet regulation strategies, behavior, drugs and physical exercise, but the success rate is still low. Bariatric surgery technique was developed and has been known to reduce obesity by about 30%. The success of bariatric surgery in obesity is to lose weight about 20-40 kg of initial body weight and BMI reduction of about 10-15 kg/m2. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of gastric banding (GB) on weight loss through an increase in ghrelin and adiponectin.
Key words: obesity, gastric banding, ghrelin, adiponectina
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| Paper Type | : | Review Paper |
| Title | : | Angiogenesis Inhibition – A promising approach to combat Cancer |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Sanjib Ghosh |
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: | 10.9790/3008-0745254 |
Abstract: To combat cancer angiogenic pathway is targeted by many workers worldwide. A number of anti-angiogenic drugs have been used to treat cancer patients for several decades. Imatinib, Bevacizumabetc are the widely used drugs that are used to treat cancer by inhibiting angiogenesis. It is notable that the use of various natural health products like curcumin, quercetinetc are increasing. Keywords: Angiogenin, FGF, Imatinib, Bevacizumab, curcumin, quercetin
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Anti-inflammatory (invitro) activity of the Leaves of Ficus gibbosa Blume.by HRBC Membrane stabilisation |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | P. L. Rajagopal, K. R. Sreejith, S. S. Kiron, Robin Jose, M. Saritha |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0745557 |
Abstract: Plants have been used as alternative remedy for the treatment of various ailments since ancient times. Phytochemical analysis, and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of leaf extract of Ficus gibbosa were studied. The methanolic leaf extract was tested for the presence of phytochemicals. Phytochemical screening reveals the presence of saponins, tannins, glycosides, alkaloids and flavonoids. Since many flavonoids have remarkable anti inflammatory activity the present work aims at evaluating the anti inflammatory activity of Ficus gibbosa by HRBC membrane stabilization.
Key Words: Anti-inflammatory, Ficus gibbosa, HRBC Membrane stabilisation.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Assessment of the Nutrient Intake of Undergraduates Attending Polytechnic in Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria. |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Folahan O. O., Odugbemi B. A. |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0745860 |
Abstract: The accompanying challenges of the university or college life cannot be over emphasized as these do affect the eating behaviours of students. The Nutrient intake of female students was studied to assess the adequacy of their dietary intakes. Questionnaires were administered to 217 female undergraduate in Rufus Giwa Polytechnic Owo, using the hostel registers as the simple frame. Majority (74.6%) of the students admitted that their household heads earn more than ₦40000 and 76.5% of the respondents was given between ₦5000 to ₦10000 as pocket money. The income of the head of the household affects the average monthly pocket money given to the students. The mean nutrient intake of the respondents was 1656.94±194kcal which is 86.5% recommended daily allowance (RDA). Intakes of protein, zinc, iron and vitamin A were respectively, 102.45%, 109.38%, 128.48% and 233% of RDA while the intakes of calcium and vitamin C were lower (55.26% and 10.98 respectively) than RDA.
Key word: Recommended daily allowance (RDA), nutrient intake, undergraduate, pocket money.
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[10]. Anyika J. U., Uwaegbute, A. C., Olojede, A. O.Nwamara J. U. 2009. Nutrient Intakes of Adolescent Girls in Secondary Schools andUniversities in Abia State of Nigeria. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 8 (10): 1596-1602.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Nutrient Adequacy Of Lunch Sold To Pupils By Vendors In Some Selected Primary Schools In Ondo State, Nigeria. |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Edun B. T., Adesanwo A. S. |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0746163 |
Abstract: The nutrient adequacy of school lunch has been proven to have profound effect on the nutritional status of school age children. This study investigated the nutrient adequacy of food sold to pupil by vendors primary schools in Owo metropolis. A total of 12 primary schools were randomly selected for the study, of which six of the schools were government owned and six were private. Foods sold to pupils for lunch were weighed, analysed and compared with recommended daily allowance. The result showed that the amount of money brought to school by private school pupils was ₦20, this was found to be higher than those in government schools which was ₦10. Privates school respondents have adequate nutrient in their school lunch as energy, protein and fat were 43.5%, 39.5% and 29.5% of RDA respectively while the lunch bought by respondents from government owned schools was only able to meet 22%, 34% and 4.5% RDA for energy, protein and fat respectively. Vitamin C and Calcium intake in all schools studied were respectively, 4% and 5% in government schools and 8% and 6.5% in private schools.
Key words: School lunch, nutrient adequacy, vendors, nutrient intake, malnutrition
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Restriction Map For NK104-NK105 of Nonrepeating Region For tcdB Toxin Gene in Clostridium difficile |
| Country | : | Iraq |
| Authors | : | Thaer A. Ali Al-Edani, Jalal Y. Mustafa, Suhyila F. Ali |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0746468 |
Abstract: This study was carried out for detected of the restriction map of tcdB gene for A-B+ isolates were isolated from patients with a colitis disease in General Basrah Hospital by (AluI, DraI, ScaI) restriction enzymes.The genetic restriction map was detected by determining the locations of a number of restriction endonuclease cleavage sites on the DNA relative to each other. AluI enzyme was showed three bands (100 bp, 90 bp and 60 bp) revealing there are two sites of this enzyme, on the other hand DraI, ScaI gave two bands (125 bp) for each enzyme revealing there was a single site of these enzymes, A variety of tcdB gene which detected in this study a new modification increasing the virulence of A-B+ isolates of C. difficile with the large defect of tcdA gene.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Heterosis for Yield and Yield Components in OKRA (Abelmoschus Esculentus L.) |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | K. Jagan, K. Ravinder Reddy, M. Sujatha V. Sravanthi, S. Madhusudhan Reddy |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0746970 |
Abstract: The present investigation was undertaken with the objective of identifying the high yielding parents and F1 hybrids through Line x Tester mating design to estimate the heterosis. The experiment was conducted by raising four lines and fifteen testers as parents and their 60 F1 hybrids during kharif 2009 and spring summer 2010. The heterosis recorded for fruit and its thirteen component characters. The F1 hybrids, Arka Anamika x IC-331217, Arka Abhay x IC-331217, Arka Anamika x IC-326893, Arka Anamika x IC-443670, Arka Abhay x IC-332454 and Arka Abhay x IC-433675 recorded high degree of standered heterosis for yield and its contributing characters. High estimates of heterosis obtain in hybrid combinations revealed considerable genetic divergence among the parental lines.
Key words: Heterosis, okra
[1]. Ahmed N, Hakim M A and Gandroo M Y 1999 Exploitation of hybrid vigour in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench). Indian Journal of Horticulture 56 (3) : 247-251.
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[5]. Rewale V S, Bendale V W, Bhave S G, Madav R R and Jadhav B B 2003 Heterosis for yield and yield components in okra. Journal of Maharashtra Agricultural University 28 (3): 247-249
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Cytological Diversity and Seed Storage Protein Profiling of most potent Bauhinia species |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Kumari Nutan Sinha, Tanuja Singh |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0747175 |
Abstract: To trace the interrelationships and for identification and characterisation of diversity among four species of medicinally important plant Bauhinia viz. B. acuminata, B. purpurea, B. racemosa, and B. variegata belonging to sub-family Caesalpiniaceae, cytological study with respect to chromosome number, somatic chromosome length of component arms of chromosome, T. F% and chromosome type and seed protein variation were investigated. Results showed that the three species have chromosome number 2n=28, the value of the total chromatin lengths was lowest (53.48μ) in B. racemosa and highest (57.32μ) in B. purpurea while in B. acuminata this value was 56.78μ suggesting a close relationship between B.purpurea and B. acuminata. The T.F% values of B. acuminata and B. purpurea stand close to each other. Beside the common bands among the studied taxa, 7.37 kDa, 31.85 kDa, 41.56 kDa, 54.854 kDa and 261.143 kDa proteins were found to be common in B. acuminata and B. purpurea and 261.143 kDa protein was found common in all the four species. Maximum genetic affinities were observed between B. acuminata x B. purpurea (45.45%), while minimum between and B. racemosa and B. variegata(20%). On the molecular level, the present study gave the results with wide variations in their band numbers. Maximum number of protein bands (11 bands) was observed in B. racemosa, while minimum (7 bands) in B. purpurea and B. variegata.
Key words: Bauhinia, Karyotypes, Electrophoresis, Storage –protein
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