Volume-8 ~ Issue-5
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Cytotoxic Potentialof Andrographolidea gainst Bovine Tuberculosis |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Ashish Shrivastava and H. K. Garg |
 |
: | 10.9790/3008-0850104  |
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Abstract: Bovine tuberculosis is a chronic mycobacterial infection that impinges on a wide range of mammals, including man, cattle, deer, pigs and carnivores. The present investigationdeals with the anti-mycobacterial potential of Andrographolide againstMycobacterium bovis, commonly known as bovine tuberculosis.The bioactive compound andrographolide was isolated from the leavesof Andrographis paniculata. Employing different techniques viz. zone of inhibition, disc diffusion and turbidometric method,the MIC of andrographolide was found to be vacillating between 100 and 11.11μg/ml against the test organism (Garg& Shrivastava, 2013). The results suggested andrographolide compound to be a potent antibiotic against M. bovis and its inhibitory effect is on par with standard drugs like isoniazid and fluoroquinolones.
Keywords:Andrographolide,Andrographispaniculata, Bovine tuberculosis,Mycobacterium bovis.
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[3]. GargH.K. and Shrivastava A. (2013). Clinical use of andrographolide as a potential drug against vole tuberculosis, J. Pure Appl. Zool.1(3) 223-226.
[4]. Garnier T. and Eiglmeier K. (2003). The complete genome sequence of Mycobacterium bovis. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 100:7877-7882.
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[7]. Gupta R., Thakur B., Singh P., Singh H.B., Sharma V.D., Katoch V.M. and Chauhan S.V.S.(2008).Anti-tuberculosis activity of selected medicinal plants against multi-drug resistance Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. Ind. J. Med. Res., 131:809-813.
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[9]. Misra C.S., Pratyush K., Sagadevan L.D.M., James J., Veettil A.K.T. and Thankamani V.(2011).A Comparative study on phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of roots of Alstoniascholaris with the roots, leaves and stem bark,58: 124-131
[10]. Najib, N.A., Rahman, N.,Furuta, T., Kojima, S., Takane, K. and Ali, M.M. (1999)Anti malarial activity of extracts of Malaysian medicinal plants J. Ethnopharmacol. 64: 249-254.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Ethno-Morphological Studies of Mushrooms Collected From Soon Valley |
| Country | : | Pakistan |
| Authors | : | Muhammad Farooq, Abida Akram, Rukhsana Afzal, Kishwar Sultana Nazir |
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: | 10.9790/3008-0850511 |
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Abstract: Soon Valley Sakasar located in District Khushab of the province Punjab, Pakistan coordinates 72°00'and 72°30' E longitudes 32°25' and 32°45' N latitudes with diversified ecosystem. The ethno- mycological study of soon valley has been strongly neglected in the past. So, the survey was conducted during 2010-11 in four villages i.e. Nowshehra, Dhaka, Sakhiabad and Knaty garden of the Soon Valley. A total of 25 mushroom species belonging to 9 families and 14 genera were identified from the study area. Among the collected mushroom species Agaricus was found as most dominant genus (36%) followed by Innocybe (12%). All the mushroom species exhibited remarkable variation in terms of habitat, season and locations. Ethnological survey revealed that 12 species are edible, 9 inedible and 4 act as poisonous ones.
Key Words: Soon Valley, Mushroom, Ethnological Study, Village, Survey
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agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan. Pp 5.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Algae and physico-chemical characteristics of Adani rice field, Enugu State, Nigeria |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Nkechinyere O. Nweze, Bartholomew O. Ude |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0851218 |
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Abstract: The algae and physico-chemical characteristics of Adani rice field in Enugu State, Nigeria were studied during the wet season. Light microscopy was used for phycological studies and algae identified using text books, taxonomic keys and materials from the internet. Physico-chemical parameters were analyzed using the methods of American Public Health Association. Pearson correlation (P ≤ 0.01) and percentages were calculated to check for the relationships between the investigated parameters. A total of eight algal taxa belonging to Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, Euglenophyta and Bacillariophyta in order of decreasing abundance were recorded. The total Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, and Euglenophyta populations showed significant positive correlations with ammonia, monthly mean rainfall and lead respectively. Significant negative correlations were observed between water temperature and calcium; depth and TDS; TDS and nitrate, phosphate, potassium and zinc; pH and chloride and magnesium. Significant positive correlations were observed between depth and nitrate, phosphate, potassium and zinc; dissolved oxygen and nitrate; total alkalinity and calcium; chloride and calcium.
Keywords: Algae, Physico-chemical Parameters, Rice Field
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | A Study on the Effect of Detergent Tide on the Biochemical Constituents of the Fresh Water Fish, Cirrhinus Mrigala |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | J.Vasanthi, S.Binukumari, N.Saradhamani |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0851922 |
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Abstract: To get an idea about the nature of the toxic effect of detergent Tide on the biochemical characteristics like total protein, carbohydrate,cholesterol of aquatic organisms.Fishes belonging to the species Cirrhinus mrigala were exposed to sublethal concentration of 3.6mg for 24,48 and 72 hrs respectively. The results of the present study showed a significant decrease in protein,carbohydrate,cholesterol content in the tissues studied. The kidney showed the highest percent decrease (77.27%) in carbohydrate, (76.42%) in protein, (80.03%) in cholesterol content.
Keywords: Carbohydrate,Cholesterol,Cirrhinus mrigala,Detergent,Protein.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Regulation of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in PTU induced mice, treated with Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Narendra Kumar, Anand Kar |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0852331 |
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Abstract: Hitherto unknown effects of Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) in 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU)-induced oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation were investigated in adult mice. Animals received either PTU (0.05% in drinking water) alone for 5 weeks or PTU + three different concentrations of PQQ, after which alterations in tissue lipid peroxidation (LPO) and in enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and in glutathione (GSH) content were evaluated in two different organs such as liver and heart. Simultaneously, concentrations of serum glucose, total cholesterol, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), creatinine and urea were measured in serum. PTU administration enhanced the tissue LPO, serum SGOT, SGPT, total cholesterol, creatinine and urea with a parallel decrease in serum glucose and tissue antioxidants such as SOD and CAT in both the organs. When PTU treated animals received PQQ, these adverse effects were ameliorated. Out of three different doses of PQQ (1, 5 and 10 mg/kg/d, i.p. for 6 days), 10 mg/kg body weight was found to be the most effective and antiperoxidative in nature, as it maximally reduced the LPO of liver and heart, with a parallel increase in cellular antioxidants. Findings from this study revealed for the first time, that PQQ has the potential to ameliorate PTU-induced oxidative damage in liver and heart, indicating the possible beneficial effect of the test compound in regulating hypothyroidism.
Keywords: LPO, mice, oxidative stress, PTU, PQQ.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Adiponectin and Atherosclerosis |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Majid Khandouzi |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0853235 |
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Abstract: Adiponectin is secreted by white adipose tissue and as known as for its function it is anti-diabetes, anti-atherosclerosis, anti-inflammation and antitumor activities, which have been directly linked to the high molecular weight and are abundantly present in circulating blood. adiponectin had effects on monocyte adhesion to endothelium, myeloid differentiation and macrophage cytokine production and phagocytosis. It can suppress atherogenesis by inhibiting the adherence of monocytes, reducing their phagocytic activity and suppressing the accumulation of modified lipoproteins in the vascular wall. C1q and TNF family play important roles in inflammation, the immune system and atherosclerosis. Adiponectin has protective actions in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis through anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic effects. Adiponectin levels are decreased in obesity, type 2 diabetes and negatively correlated with the CRP levels in patients with CAD. With the prospect of future, adiponectin could become a promising target for future investigations in reducing the morbidity and mortality of atherosclerotic disease.
Key word: Adiponectin, diponectin properties, Atherosclerosis disease, inflammatory effect, Anti-inflammatory effect.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa- Biofilm formation Methods |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | A. R. Rewatkar, Dr. B. J. Wadher |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0853640 |
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Abstract: For the detection of Biofilm formation method, total 60 clinical isolates viz. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used. Clinical isolates were identified as per standard microbiological procedure. Antibiotic susceptibility test of biofilm producing bacteria was performed by using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. Biofilm detection was tested by Tube method (TM), Congo Red Agar method (CRA). These methods require the use of especially solid media-brain heart infusion broth supplemented with 5% sucrose and Congo red strain. Out of 60 isolates, CRA method detected 54 as high biofilm producer while by TM method, 50 isolates showed trong biofilm formation, and non biofilm producer were 10. According to the antibiotic susceptibility test, higher antibiotic resistance was observed in biofilm producing bacteria than non biofilm producers. Hence from the current investigation, CRA method is rapid, sensitive and reproducible. TM method gave moderate results. So CRA method is more suitable method for detection of biofilm formation as compared to the other method in the present investigation.
Keywords: Biofilm, congo red agar method, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, tube method,
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Prevalence of Relative Hypoparathyroidism among Hemodialysis Patients: Role of Vitamin D, Aluminium and Magnesium |
| Country | : | Egypt |
| Authors | : | Abdel-Aziz. F. Abdel-Aziz1, Abdelhameed. A. Metwali2, Mohamed. A. EL Moneim3, Wafaa M. Yousef 4, Ramzy. E. Rashed |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0854147 |
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Abstract: Factors of pathogenesis and prognosis of prevalence hypoparathyroidism among hemodialysis (HD) are largely unknown. Some studies have shown increasing risk of death among HD patients with low serum intact PTH (iPTH). This study was to evaluate the role of vitamin D, aluminium (Al) and magnesium (Mg) as risk factors of hypoparathyroidism prevalence among HD patients. This study included 63 HD patients and 22 healthy volunteers as normal control group. Any studied subject with history of previous parathyroidectomy was excluded. Patients with relative hypoparathyroidism had higher levels of aluminum, calcium and lower levels of urea reduction ratio (URR), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), magnesium and 25(OH)D than those with hyperparathyroidism, there were also significant negative correlations between iPTH and serum 25(OH)D, Mg & Al in relative hypoparathyroidism group. In HD groups, The levels of 25(OH)D and hemoglobulin were significantly lower, whereas the levels of serum Al, ferritin, phosphorous and ALP were significantly higher in comparison with those in the control group. In addition, in HD patients there were a significant negative correlation between serum Al and MCV. It was observed that there were significant relations between low iPTH and 25(OH)D, Mg, and Al levels in relative hypoparathyroidism patients.
Key words: Hemodialysis, Intact parathyroid hormone, Relative hypoparathyroidism, Serum aluminium, Vitamin D
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | The Influence Of Annona Muricata Leaves Extract In Damaging Kidney Cell And Inducing Caspase-9 Activity |
| Country | : | Indonesia |
| Authors | : | Azim Yahia M.Dayeef 1 ,Setyawati Karyono 2 ,Hidayat Sujuti |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0854852 |
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Abstract: Annona muricata leaf extract is used in Indonesia traditional medicine for the treatment of many disease . Work done has demonstrated Annona muricata to be effective in treating carbon tetrachloride-and acetaminophen-induced hepatic damage, In this present study, the efficacy of ethanolic extracts of Annona muricata leaves for its cytotoxicity potential and induction of apoptosis in tubular cells, was investigated. Phytochemical screening verified presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, anthraquinones and cardiac glycosides. The present study was undertaken to investigate the leaf extract effects of Annona muricata Linn. on the level of serum creatinine and damage of tubular cell structure that effect of kidney cell functions and caspase-9 expression in glomerulus and tubular cells. The animals (n=20) Were grouped a (control), I, II, AND III (experimental). The experimental animals of group I were administered with 10 mg/kg body weight/ day annona muricata extract in saline for 40 days, group II were administered with 20 mg/kg body weight/ day annona muricata extract in saline for 40 days and III were administered with 40 mg/kg body weight/day annona muricata extract in saline for 40 days and then we see the effect on creatinine serum concentration by ELISA method and glomerulus,tubular cells were fixed and processed to examine the histological changes and caspase-9 expression in glomerulus and tubular cells.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Detection of High Level Aminoglycosides Resistant Entrococci In A Tertiary Care Hospital. |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Sivasankari S*., Somasunder V.M., Senthamarai S., Anitha C., Kumudhavathi M.S., Suneel Kumar Reddy A., Amshavathani S.K., Venugopal |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0855357 |
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Abstract: BACKGROUND: Emergence of high-level aminoglycoside and glycopeptide resistance has significantly contributed to the mortality, particularly in serious enterococcal infections. High Level Aminoglycoside Resistance (HLAR) is related to the slow uptake or permeability of these agents. AIM: The present study was undertaken to determine HLAR pattern of enterococci in our hospital. METERIALS AND METHODS: This study was done in the Department of Microbiology, Meenakshi medical college, during the period of February 2012- February 2013. A total of 52 enterococcal isolates were collected from various clinical samples and speciation was by a series of biochemical reactions as per standard protocol.. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method and microbroth dilution method according to CLSI guidelines 2012.
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[6]. Jyothi Parameswarappa et al, Isolation, identification, and antibiogram of enterococci isolated from patients with urinary tract infection, Annals of African medicine.2013;12(3):176-181.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Secondary metabolites, antimicrobial, brine shrimp lethality & 4th instar Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito larvicidal screening of organic & inorganic root extracts of Microcos paniculata |
| Country | : | Bangladesh |
| Authors | : | Md. Abdullah Aziz1*, Mohammad Mahfuz Ali Khan Shawn2, Shahariar Rahman1, Tariqul Islam1, Mohoni Mita3, Abdullah Faruque1, Md. Sohel Rana |
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: | 10.9790/3008-0855865 |
| Downloads : Times |
Abstract: The present investigation highlights the antimicrobial, toxic & larvicidal activities of the root extracts of Microcos paniculata using various organic & inorganic solvents (methanol, chloroform and water). Antimicrobial, toxicity & larvicidal outcomes were studied by means of agar disc diffusion, brine shrimp lethality bioassay (BSLB) & standard WHO protocol with slight modification. The susceptibility of the microorganisms to the plant extracts was compared with standard antibiotic ciprofloxacin. Root chloroform extract (RCE) revealed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity in contrast to other extracts, particularly significant against gram negative bacteria, Vibrio cholerae being the most (zone of inhibition 27 mm).Moreover, the RCE was found to be the most toxic to brine shrimp nauplii, with LC50 of 19.4 μg/ml, whereas anticancer drug vincristine sulphate (VS) proved LC50 value 1.7 μg/ml indicating that there is a possibility of finding potent toxic compounds in this plant have affinity relatively for non- polar solvents. 4th instar Culex quinquefasciatus larval mortality was observed and recorded after 24 h exposure period. Both the root methanolic extract (RME) & RCE exhibited larvicidal effects with LC50 of 257.3 μg/ml & 267.6 μg/ml respectively. Taken together, these results suggest that the organic fractions, RME & RCE could be potential sources of natural antimicrobial, toxic & larvicidal agents.
[1] Krishnaraju, A.V., Rao, T.V.N., Sundararaju, D., Vanisree, M., Tsay, H.S., Subbaraju, G.V., 2006. Biological screening of medicinal plants collected from eastern Ghats of India using Artemia salina (Brine shrimp test). Int. J. Appl. Sci. Eng. 4(2), 115-125. [2] Cohen, M.L., 1992. Epidemiology of drug resistance: implications for a post antimicrobial era. Science. 257, 1050-1055. [3] Vermani, K., Garg, S., 2002. Herbal medicines for sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS. J. Ethnopharmacol. 80, 49-66. [4] Apu, A.S., Bhuyan, S.H., Khatun, F., Liza, M.S., Matin, M., Hossain, M.F., 2013. Assessment of cytotoxic activity of two medicinal plants using brine shrimp (Artemia salina) as an experimental tool. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 4(3), 1125-1130. [5] Das, M.K., Ansari, M.A., 2003. Evaluation of repellent action of Cymbopogan martinii martinii Stapf var Sofia oil against Anopheles sundiacus in tribal villages of Car Nicobar Island, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India. J Vect Borne Dis. 40, 101-4. [6] Das, P.K., Rajagopalan, P.K., 1981. Role of stimulated migration of mosquitoes in development and reversal of malathion resistance in Culex pipensfatigans. Indian J.Med. Res. 73, 139-143. [7] Brown, A.W.A., 1986.Insecticide resistance in mosquitoes: a plagmatic review. J. Am. Mosq. Control. Assoc. 2, 123- 140. [8] Jeeshna, M. V., Mallikadevi, T., Paulsamy, S., 2010. Screening of the weed plant species, Croton bonplandianumBaill. for larvicidal activity of Aedes aegypti. JBiopest. 3(1 Special Issue) 192 – 194.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Culture and Antibiotic Sensitivity of Escherichia coli Isolated from Patients with Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) in Jessore City |
| Country | : | Bangladesh |
| Authors | : | Md. Tanvir Islam1*, Sunzid Ahmed1, Marufa Nasreen2, Nigarin Sultana |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0856669 |
| Downloads : Times |
Abstract: Urinary tract infection is caused by the presence and growth of microorganisms in the urinary tract, is perhaps the single commonest bacterial infection of mankind. The present study was carried out to identify Escherichia coli from urinary tract infected patients those come to a community hospital in Jessore city. For the confirmation of the presence of this disease causing agent various cultural and biochemical techniques were performed. A total of 87 clinically suspected patients having urinary tract infection were studied, 50 were found to be culture positive. Among the positive cultures, 30 (60%) isolates were infected with Escherichia coli. The study showed that the most susceptible group for urinary tract infection ranges between 16-45 years of age, as this group comprised of 15(50%) individuals. Antibiotic susceptibility for all 30 isolates was determined against locally available eleven drugs. High resistance rates were observed against most of the antibiotics examined here. Amoxycilin stood to be the most resistant type of antibiotic (90%), followed by nalidixic acid (57%), cephlexin (50%), ciprofloxacin (37%), ceftriaxone (27%), doxycycline (24%) and cefixime (20%). Gentamycin and nitrofurantoin got lower resistance rates at 14% and 3% respectively, but resistance to netilmycine was not found among all 30 isolates. Multidrug resistance pattern of the isolated organism was also observed in this present study.
[1] L Nicolle, Uncomplicated urinary tract infection in adults including uncomplicated pyelonephritis,Uro Clin NorAme,35(1),2008, 1-12. [2] K Akinyemi, S Alabi, N Taiwo, E Omonighehin, Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and plasmid profile of pathogenic bacteria isolated from subjects with urinary tract infections in Lagos, Nigeria. Nig. Qt J Hosp. Med, (1,) 1997, 7-11. [3] K Todar, Pathogenic Escherichia coli, Todar's Online Text Book of Bacteriology (University of Wisconsin Madison, 2008). [4] Bryan, S Charles, Infectious diseases in primary care (Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders 2002). [5] D Byarugaba, A view on antimicrobial resistance in developing countries and responsible risk factors, .Int. J Ant Agents, 24, 2004,105–10. [6] Cappuccino, J. G. and N. Sherman. (Ed.), Microbiology- A Laboratory Manual. 4(The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Co., Inc., Menlo Park, California, 1996.)
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Antimicrobial activity of serial extracts from of Aeglemarmelos(linn.) Against dysenteric causing gram negative organisms |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Manojkumar.K1 ,seema |
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: | 10.9790/3008-0857073 |
| Downloads : Times |
Abstract: The in vitro antimicrobial activity of methanol extracts from Leaves , stream , bark , fruit of Aeglemarmeloswere investigated against bacterial and fungal species. All the extracts exhibitedbroad spectrum antimicrobial activity with zones of inhibition ranging from 10 to 22 mm against bacteriashigelladysenteriae, shigellaflexneri, vibrio cholerae, vibrio parahaemolyticus, Escherichia coli, salmonella typhi, The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and the minimal microbicidal concentrations(MMC) of the extracts ranged from 1.25 to 10 mg/mL and 2.5 to 20 mg/mL respectively. Assessment of antibacterial efficacy of different extract revealed that The ability of the leaf extracts of Aeglemarmelosto inhibit growth of bacteria and fungi isan indication of its broad spectrum antimicrobial activity which could be a potential source for development ofnovel bioactive antimicrobial agents.
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| Paper Type | : | Review Paper |
| Title | : | Middle East Respiratory Syndrome - Corona Virus (MERS-CoV): A Deadly Killer |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Harshit A. Jadav |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0857481 |
| Downloads : Times |
Abstract: Middle east respiratory syndrome-corona virus ,a new species of corona virus has emerge in the middle east countries and has very high (almost 50%) fatality ratio. There is no any specific symptoms which are seen in the MERS-CoV. The symptoms which are seen are similar to those of simple general respiratory disease. There is no any treatment as well as no any vaccine available for the condition. Only one thing which are in our hand is to prevent the disease. Transmission of the disease is mainly by person to person transmission or by the virus affected bat or camels which are seen in the most of the cases. Disease is mostly seen in aged people (age>65) which has week immune system and which are under ICU or Dialysis are more prone to the disease. Phylogenetic analysis shows that the patients which have the disease they have directly or indirectly contact shows that person to person transmission occur in the MERS-CoV. The pathogenesis of the disease is still unknown. Clusters of cases in Saudi Arabia, Jordan, the UK, France, Tunisia, and Italy are being investigated. The genome sequence of the virus has identified and real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(real time -RT-PCR) has important diagnostic tool for the identification of the disease. The WHO and CDC are currently working on the specific transmission pattern and finding the new scope of treatment and vaccine. There are specific prevention information for the patients, hospital staff, and visitors and the person who travels in the middle east countries guided by WHO and CDC.
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[2]. Falco, Miriam (24 September 2012). "New SARS-like virus poses medical mystery". CNN. Retrieved 27 September 2012. http://thechart.blogs.cnn.com/2012/09/24/new-sars-like-virus-poses-medical-mystery
[3]. Dziadosz, Alexander (13 May 2013). "The doctor who discovered a new SARS-like virus says it will probably trigger an epidemic at some point, but not necessarily in its current form.". Reuters. Retrieved 25 May 2013. http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/05/13/us-coronavirus-egypt-idUSBRE94C0MH20130513
[4]. "New Coronavirus Has Many Potential Hosts, Could Pass from Animals to Humans Repeatedly". Sciencedaily. Retrieved 13,December 2012. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/12/120201083200.htm
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Homology Modeling and characterization of Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (PEPCK) from Schistosoma japonicum |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Akalesh Kumar Verma*1, Purobi Nath2, Surya Bali Prasad1, Devid Kardong3, Jashodeb Arjun4, Durba Kashyap4 and Ramesh Chillawar |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0858293 |
| Downloads : Times |
Abstract: Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), a carboxylase enzyme is present in all living organisms. It catalyzes metal-nucleotide coupled reversible decarboxylation and phosphorylation between phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and oxaloacetate (OAA) depending on the system and the availability of the intermediates. In fungi, plants and in most bacteria, production of PEP from OAA by PEPCK is the key step during gluconeogenesis. In healthy human cytosolic PEPCK enzyme is present only during glucose starvation; cytosolic PEPCK rapidly disappears on the replenishment of glucose due to hormonal control of the transcription of the cytosolic PEPCK- gene. In some parasitic helminthes like Ascaris suum, nematodes such as Haemonchus contortus, PEPCK carry out the reverse reaction to produce OAA from PEP. In Trypanosoma cruzi and all species of the genus Leishmania, this enzyme is very active even in the presence of high level of carbohydrate.
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[2]. Prasad, S B, Verma A K, Rosangkima G, Brahma B, Rongpi T, Amenla, and Arjun J, Antitumor activity of Mylabris cichorii extracts against murine ascites Dalton's lymphoma, J Pharm Res, 3: 2010, 3006-3009.
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