Version-1 (Sep–Oct 2014)
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Evaluation of Wash and Light Fastness of Some Selected Printed Fabrics |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Lawal, A.S , Nnadiwa, C |
Abstract: The printed fabrics were subjected to ISO2, ISO3, and ISO4 wash fastness test and assessed for change in colour and staining using the grey scale. The change in colour of the tested specimen and the staining of the adjacent undyed cloths were assessed with the appropriate grey scales. The fabrics were also tested for light fastness property. The specimen and the blue standard were exposed behind a glass and inserted into the light fastness testing machine. Exposure was carried out for 48 hours. Based on the research carried out, it was found that the selected foreign fabrics show a higher wash and light fastness property as compared to the local fabrics which also show high wash and light fastness property.
[1]. Bird, C.L. and Boston, W.S. (1975). The Theory of Textile Coloration. White Ross Press Ltd., Mexborough, London.
[2]. David, I. and Taylor, R. (1965). Text Res. J. (35), 405.
[3]. Giles, C.H. (1974). A Laboratory Course in Dyeing 3rd Edition, Charles and Pickers Gill Ltd., England.
[4]. Nkeonye, P.O. (1990). Introductory Textile. Publisher: Ahmadu Bello University Press Limited, Zaria, Nigeria,
[5]. Nkeonye, P.O. (1992). Fundamentals Principles of Textile Dyeing, Printing and Finishing. Publisher: Ahmadu Bello University Press Limited, Zaria, Nigeria
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Development of Nylon, Glass/Wool blended Fabric for Protective Application |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | S. Kumaravel , A. Venkatachalam |
Abstract: Bullet proof vest is one of the protective application which helps for protection of ballistic impact to the fabric who wears the vest. In previous days hard rigid materials are used to protect the ballistic impact to the wearer, which resist the penetration and dissipated the impact. Then synthetic textile fibres are used for ballistic resistance and in recent days, the high performance textile fibres are used to resist the ballistic impact. Now a day, Kevlar fibre is used to produce bullet proof vest which has some disadvantages of less is compression property. Nylon filament yarn and Carbon nanotube can an alternative for existing Kevlar bullet proof vest. So combining of nylon filament yarn and carbon nanotube can be effectively fulfilling the requirements of ballistic impact and safe the life of wearer. Nylon filament yarn of 858 denier and 1330 denier was taken for the work. The multi layer woven fabric was produced by using nylon filament yarn of two various deniers. The fabric weave structure is plain weave. Double cloth and triple cloth was produced for protection of ballistic impact, because each fabric layer reduces the energy of projectile. The developed multi layer fabrics can be coated with multiwalled carbon nanotube by using textile coating method. The technical test and field test can be carried to existing bullet proof vest, un coated nylon bullet proof vest and coated bullet proof vest. The developed triple cloth will shows more ballistic resist than double cloth. The developed plaited Glass/Wool bended fabrc can used for thermal proof application because of high Limiting oxygen Index. Nylon with Carbon nanotube coated fabric can also be used for thermal proof application.
Keywords: Ballistic impact, Tearing strength, Cover factor , multi layer fabric, thermal conductivity
[1]. Manasi Karkere,"Nanotechnology: Fundamentals and applications" 2008,pp.68-73
[2]. Ray Baughman"Super-Tough composite Carbon nanotube fibres for electronic textiles", AAPPS2003 pp.13-15
[3]. Kothari VK"Life saving clothing Protection against bullets", Asian Technical Textiles, APR-Jun2008,pp 44-46
[4]. Motoo Yumura"Carbon nanotube industrial applications", AIST,pp.8
[5]. Ming Zhang& etal"A new method for synthesizing single wall carbon nano tubes, Journal of materials sciences letters-2000.pp511-514
[6]. Xing Chen & etal"Physical sciences/Biological sciences/chemistry/Cell biology-A cell nanoinjector based on carbon nanotubes
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Effects of temperature on the dye uptake of leather with anionic dyes |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Lawal, A.S , Nwokocha, B |
Abstract: The leather used was obtained from cow hides; goat and sheep skins. The dyeing of the leather was carried out with the use of anionic dyes: direct dyes (Solophenyl black) and acid dyes (Erionyl red, Ingrain black and Amido black). It was found that dyeing the leather with Ingrain back which is a metal complex dye had the highest dye levelling and quick rate of exhaustion, as compared to the other anionic dyes, owing to presence of metal ions which attach themselves readily to specific sites on the leather substrate, forming a strong ionic bond. It was also discovered that at certain temperature above 60°C that the leather tends to shrink and becomes strong and rigid after drying.
[1]. Baker, I. and Luijten, A. (1988), Introduction to Leather Chemistry, Seventh Edition, pp. 180. 185,190.
[2]. Booth, G. (1988). The Manufacture of Organic Colorants and Intermediates, Society of Dyers and Colourists, Bradford, UK.
[3]. Borasky, R. (1987). J. Amer. Leather Chem. Assoc. 52, 569.
[4]. Convington, A.D.; Evans, C.S.; Lilley, T.H. and Suparno, 0. (2005). Collagen and Polyphenols: New Relationships and New Outcomes. Part 2.Phenolic Reactions for Simultaneous Tanning and Colouring. Volume: 100, pp. 336-343.
[5]. Gordon, P.F. and Gregory, P. (1983). Organic Chemistry in Colour, Springer-Verlag, Berlin. pp. 96,115.
[6]. Greenhalgh, C.W.; Carey, J.L. and Newton, D.F. (1985). Dyes and Pigments British Patent 2,151,611.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Study on the Mold Temperature Control for the Core Plate during Injection Molding Process |
| Country | : | Vietnam |
| Authors | : | Pham Son Minh |
Abstract: During injection molding process, the mold temperature is one of the most important influences on the product quality. In this paper, the temperature of the core plate with the size of 100 mm × 100 m × 40 mm will be examined for different product sizes. Different types of heating and cooling channels are inserted in the core plate. The size of the plastic product will be changed from 40 mm to 80 mm, with varying heights. Simulation method will be utilized to observe the heating and cooling steps. The temperature values and distribution will be collected and compared. Results show that when the product size changes, the heating and cooling steps have a slight variation. However, the product height has a strong effect on the mold temperature. When the height increases from 1 mm to 9 mm, the highest heating temperature reduces from 104 °C to 82.5 °C. The simulation results were verified by an experiment. The comparison between the simulated and the experimental results shows a good agreement between them.
Keywords: Injection Molding, Mold Temperature Control, Mold Heating, Mold Cooling, plastic process
[1] B. Ozcelik and T. Erzurumlu, Comparison of the warpage optimization in the plastic injection molding using ANOVA, neural network model and genetic algorithm, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 171(3), 2006, 437–445.
[2] S. C. Chen, Y. Chang, Y. P. Chang, and Y. C. Chen, C. Y. Tseng, Effect of cavity surface coating on mold temperature variation and the quality of injection molded parts, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 36(10), 2009, 1030–1035.
[3] D. G. Yao and B. Kim, Development of rapid heating and cooling system for injection molding applications, Polymer Engineering and Science, 42(12), 2002, 2471–2481.
[4] S. C. Chen, and W. R. Jong (2006), Rapid mold temperature variation for assisting the micro injection of high aspect ratio micro feature parts using induction heating technology, Journal of Micro Mechanics and Micro Engineering, 16(9), 2006, 1783–1791.
[5] S.C. Chen, H.S. Peng, J.A. Chang, and W.R. Jong, Simulation and verification of induction heating on a mold plate, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 31(7), 2004, 971–980
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Improving the Colour Fastness of the Selected Natural Dyes on Cotton |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | R.Prabhavathi , Dr.A.Sharada devi , Dr. D. Anitha |
Abstract: This paper reports the improving the colourfastness of the natural dye with dye fixing agents, extraction of the colourants from natural sources; effects of different mordants and mordanting methods; selection of fixing agents; dyeing variables; post-treatment process; development of newer shades with post treatment and analysis of colour improvement parameters with fixing agents for cotton dyed with natural dye; assessed colour improvement with colourfastness test.
Key words: Dye fixing agents, coloufastness, shade variations with dye fixing agents, natural dye.
[1]. Agarwal A, Goel A. Guptha K.C. 1992, optimization of dying process of wool with natural dyes obtained from turmeric (curcuma longa), Textile dyer and printer 25 (22):28-30
[2]. Agarwal A,Goel A. Guptha K.C. 1992, development of suitable dyeing process for dyeing of wool with natural dyes Henna (Lawsonia inerma), Textile dyer and printer 29 (10):43-45.
[3]. Agarwal A,Goel A. Paus S. 1993, effect of mordants on natural dye. In Indian textile journal 103 (4):110-111.
[4]. Binitha kali and Gogai N 1998, Cationic fixing agent. The Indian textile journal 108(9-12):42-46.
[5]. Dedhia EM 1998 natural dyes colourage XLV (3):45-49.
[6]. Devi S, Katyayini VKLT and sumanthi B.S. 2002optimisation of dyeing procedures. All India co-ordinate research project clothing and textile report, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Hyderabad, 20-40.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Improving the Colour Fastness of the Selected Natural Dyes on Cotton (Improving the sunlight fastness and washfastness of the eucalyptus bark dye on cotton) |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | R.Prabhavathi || Dr.A.Sharada Devi || Dr. D. Anitha |
Abstract: This paper reports the improving the colourfastness of the natural dye with dye fixing agents, extraction of the colourants from natural sources; effects of different mordants and mordanting methods; selection of fixing agents; dyeing variables; post-treatment process and analysis of colour improvement parameters with fixing agents for cotton dyed with natural dye; assessed colour improvement with colourfastness test.
Key words: Eucalyptus Bark natural dye, fixing agents, coloufastness, shade variations with dye fixing agents
[1]. Agarwal A, Goel A. Guptha K.C. 1992, optimization of dyeing process of wool with natural dyes obtained from turmeric (curcuma longa), Textile Dyer and Printer 25 (22):28-30
[2]. Agarwal A,Goel A. Guptha K.C. 1992, development of suitable dyeing process for dyeing of wool with natural dyes Henna (Lawsonia inerma), Textile Dyer and Printer 29 (10):43-45.
[3]. Agarwal A,Goel A. Paus S. 1993, effect of mordants on natural dye. In Indian Textile Journal 103 (4):110-111.
[4]. Binitha kali and Gogai N 1998, Cationic fixing agent. The Indian Textile Journal 108(9-12):42-46.
[5]. Dedhia EM 1998 natural dyes Colourage XLV (3):45-49.
[6]. Devi S, Katyayini VKLT and sumanthi B.S. 2002 optimisation of dyeing procedures. All India Co-ordinate Research Project Clothing and Textile Report, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Hyderabad, 20-40.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Unsaturated Polyester Resin Reinforced With Chemically Modified Natural Fibre |
| Country | : | NIGERIA |
| Authors | : | Mustafa Hauwa Mohammed || Benjamin DAUDA |
Abstract: The effects of surface treatment on some mechanical properties of sisal fibre reinforced unsaturated polyester resin has been investigated. The sisal fibre was extracted by manually beating the sisal leaves with a smooth edged stick followed by chemical modification of the fibres using alkaline treatment method with NaOH at different concentrations and time at a constant temperature of 65 oC. The surface morphology and characteristics of the treated and untreated sisal fibre samples was studied using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Polymer matrix composite (PMC) using treated and untreated sisal fibre as reinforcement and unsaturated polyester resin as matrix material was prepared.
[1]. Bledzki A.K., and Gassan, J.(1999). Composites reinforced with cellulose based fibres. Progress in polymer science, vol: 24, pp 221-274.
[2]. Cao, Y., Shibata, S. and Fukumoto, I. (2006). Mechanical properties of biodegradable composites reinforced with bagasse fibre before and after alkali treatments. Composites Part A. Applied Science and Manufacturing 37:423-429.
[3]. Chand, N., Tiwary, R.K. and Rohatgi, P.K. (1988) Polymer composite J. Material Science, pp.23.
[4]. Chandra R., Rustgi R. (1998). Biodegradable Polymers: Progress in Polymer Science; Vol: 23, pp 1273-1335.
[5]. Dhakal H. N., Zhang Z. Y., Richardson M. O. W. (2007): Effect of water absorption on the mechanical properties of hemp fibre reinforced unsaturated polyester composites. Composites Science and Technology, 67, pp 1674-1683.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Mechanical Properties of Tere-Phthalic Unsaturated Polyester Resin Reinforced With Varying Weight Fractions of Particulate Snail Shell |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Chioma Ifeyinwa Madueke || Babatunde Bolasodun || Reginald Umunakwe |
Abstract: The objective of this work is to investigate the mechanical properties of particulate snail shell reinforced unsaturated polyester composite. 5wt% ground snail shell of particle size 625microns was introduced to unsaturated polyester matrix to produce a composite. Other specimens were produced at 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 weight percentages of the particulate filler in unsaturated polyester matrix. Mechanical tests were conducted on prepared samples of the composite material. The results showed that the flexural strength of the composite with 20wt% snail shell particulate reinforcement was greatly enhanced and the impact and hardness properties were greatly improved at 5wt% filler loading. The composite could be considered for applications in areas where high impact strength is a requirement such as in shipping containers. The 20wt% snail shell reinforced unsaturated polyester can be used in place of pure polyester for applications where flexibility is of utmost importance.
Keywords: Snail Shell, Unsaturated Polyester, Composite, Mechanical Properties, filler
[1]. Agunsoye J. O., Talabi S. I., Aigbodion. V. S. and Olumuyiwa. A. (2013). Effects of Silica Ceramic Particle Sizes on the Properties of Recycled Polyethy-
[2]. lene Composites. Advances in Natural Sciences, 6(1): 1-8.
[3]. Ahmad, A.S., Alam, M.A., A. Piee, A., Rahman, M.R. and Hamdan, S. (2010). Study of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fibre Reinforced Polypropylene Composites. Journal of Energy and Environment, 2 (1): 16-21.
[4]. Al-asade, Z.J. and Al-Murshdy, J.M. (2008). An Investigation of Kaolin Influences on Mechanical Properties of Unsaturated Polyester Composites. Journal of Kerbala University, 6: 242 – 247.
[5]. Araujo, E.M., Araujo, K.D., Pereira, O.D., Ribeiro, P.C. and de Melo, T.J. (2006). Fiberglass Wastes/Polyester Resin Composites: Mechanical Properties and Water Sorption. Polímeros: Ciência e Tecnologia, 16(4): 332 – 335.
[6]. Crawford, R.J. (1998). Plastic Engineering, Third Edition. Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd, Oxford.
[7]. Fakhrul, T. and Isram, M.A, (2013). Degradation Behavior of Natural Fibre Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites. Procedia Engineering, 56: 795 – 800.