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Abstract: Stitch length and GSM (gram per square meter) are the two major parameters for making a knit fabric. The relationship between stitch length (S.L) and GSM is inversely proportional if the other parameter remain constant. Again the presence of tuck loop in knit fabric structure make the fabric heavier than the plain single jersey fabric having all knit loop because of the accumulation of yarn in the tucking place. In this study, an experimental work was offered to understand the influence of different stitch length on the GSM of knit fabric with respect to the change of tuck loop percentage in the knit fabric structure. Here three fabric (single jersey, single lacoste and polo pique) having different tuck loops percentage with five different stitch lengths were selected where the other parameters were constant.
[1] Elfadil M. M. A. Elkarsany, Amel A. Magboul, Effect of Yarn Input Tension on Knitted Fabric, International Interdisciplinary Research Journal, {Bi-Monthly}, ISSN2249-9598, Volume-IV, Issue-I, Jan-Feb 2014. [2] D. J Spencer, Knitting Technology (Woodhead Publishing Limited, Cambridge, 2001). [3] P. L. Chen, R. L. Barker, G. W. Smith and B. Scruggs, Handle of Weft Knit Fabrics,Textile Research Journal, 62 (4), pp. 200- 211, 1992. [4] D. B. Ajgaonkar, Knitting Technology (Universal Publishing Corporation, Mumbai, 1998). [5] N. Emirhanove, and Y. Kavusturan, Effects of Knit Structure on the Dimensional and Physical Properties of Winter Outwear Knitted Fabrics, Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe, 16 (2), pp. 69-74, 2008.
Abstract: In this study we prepared high density polyethylene (HDPE)/ clay nanocomposites by melt compounding in a twin screw extruder with rotational speed of 50rpm and the temperatures of the zones are set to 180-210°C.Different screw configuration have been used to study the effect of screw elements on the properties of nanocomposites. screw configuration changed from dispersive to distributive type. Cloisite 15A was used as the filler and weight percent of clay was fixed to 3wt%. Maleated polyethylene grafted polyolefins supplied from Reliance ltd. A new combination of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene prepared in our lab through grafting also taken as compatibilizer.
[1]. J. Heinemann, P. Reichert, R. Thomann, R. Mulhaupt, Macro. Rapid Commun. 20(1999)423. [2]. Y. Kurokawa, H. Yasuda, A. Oya, J. Mater. Sci. 35 (2000) 1045. [3]. L. Zheng, R.J. Farris, E.B. Coughlin, Macromolecules 34 (2001) 8034. [4]. P.H. Nam, P. Maiti, M. Okamoto, T. Kotaka, N. Hasegawa, A. Usuki, Polymer 4(2001) 9633. [5]. K.H. Wang, M.H. Choi, C.K. Koo, Y.S. Choi, I.J. Chung, Polymer 42 (2001) 9819. [6]. P. Svoboda, C. Zeng, H. Wang, J. Lee, D.L. Tomasko, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 85 (2002)1562. [7]. (a) Y.C. Kim, Polymer J. 38 (2006) 250;(b) C.k. Hong, I. Hwang, N. Kim, D.H. Park, B.S. Hwang, C. Nah, J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 14(2008) 71.
Abstract: Dyeing of fabric blends such as Polyester/Cotton (P/C) is presently done with two chemically different classes of dyes namely disperse for polyester and reactive for cotton, in two bath process. Experimental work was carried out on finding the possibility of dyeing the P/C blends in one bath process without drain the liquor after polyester part dyeing. All the existing chemical and conventional temperature range were applied in this study. The result indicates that, the using of one bath method in the polyester cotton dyeing can slightly change the fastness properties than the conventional method. The one bath dyeing method showed level dyeing having good fastness properties and offers the option of cost effective and eco-friendly dyeing process.
Keywords – PC blend fabric, Single bath dyeing, Shade matching, Color fastness, Cost effective.
[1] Arthur D Broadbent; "Basic Principles of Textile Coloration". Society of Dyers and Colorist (SDC), Bradford, West Yorkshire BDI 2JB, England, 2001. [2] Engr. Dr. Md. Nazirul Islam; "Apparel Fibres". Mirpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2008. [3] E.P.G. Ghol & L.D. Vilensky; "Textile Science". New Delhi, India, 2005. [4] Raghavendra R. Hedge, Atul Dahiya and M. G. Kamath; "Nonwoven Fabrics Polyester Fibres";www.engr.utk.edu/mse/textiles /polyester% 20fiber.htm, 2004, (accessed 20 May 2014). [5] Vilensky Dahiya, "Polyester Fabrics"; www.thomasnet.com/products/fabrics-27220532-htm, 2003, (accessed 20 May 2014). [6] Missouri; "Project Cotton-Chemical Composition of Cotton"; www.cotton.missouri.edu/classroom-chemical% 20 composition. html,2008, (accessed 21 May 2014)
Abstract: Printing is a renowned process in textile industry which is generally done after dyeing. It is the last process to enhance aesthetic appeal of the fabric. Most of the buyer provide order of garments including printing process as various design can be imparted on the face side of garments indicating particular style and taste of the customer. Piece print has been able to draw the attention of customer by its variation of design. There are so many methods have been invented to apply the print paste onto the piece of garments.But the article related to piece print is not as much as available like all over print. This article deals with difference between all over print and piece print and various piece printing process on textile materials that frequently used.
Keywords - Curing, Cost of Piece print, Piece Printing Process, Sublimation Print, Techniques of Piece Print
[1] Moser, L. S. (2003). ITMA 2003 review: Textile printing. Journal of Textile and Apparel Technology and Management, 3(3), 1-15. [2] Schwindt, W., & Faulhaber, G. (1984). The development of pigment printing over the last 50 years. Review of Progress in Coloration and. Related Topics,14(1), 166-175.
[3] Giesen, V., & Eisenlohr, R. (1994). Pigment printing. Review of Progress in Coloration and Related Topics, 24(1), 26-30.
[4] http://textilefashionstudy.com/what-is-pigment-printing-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-pigment-printing/#comments [5] http://textilefashionstudy.com/sequence-of-discharge-printing-process-on-cotton-discharge-printing-style/ [6] http://textiles.indianetzone.com/1/discharge_printing.htm
Abstract: Silk is made up of two types of proteins- silk fibroin and sericin. Silk sericin is the main residue (≈20-30%) in raw silk fiber. It is composed of 18 amino acids. Solubility, molecular weight, and gelling properties of sericin depends on the methods of isolation i.e. degumming. Sericin has proved itself as a highly potential biomaterial by wide variety of applications in medicine, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, biosorbent and other areas. Sericin has a good capacity for use in biomedical and pharmaceutical areas. Sericin coated fabric showed a high degree of bacteriacidal activity. Sericin might be a valuable ingredient for development of antimicrobial textiles. Various groups are still working to explore some untouched areas of application of sericin.
Keywords : sericin, adsorption, biosorption, degumming, silk fibroin etc.
[1]. Sericulture,chapter VIII, annual report 2002-2003 (ministry of textile,central silk board,Banglore) pp 73-78. [2]. Lesile M, Stephen M & Robert S, cotton and wool outlook, Econ Res Service,USDA, CWS-0303,(11 April 2003), 1-15. [3]. Padamwar M N and Pawar A P, Silk Sericin and its application, Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research, vol. 63,April 2004, pp 323-329. [4]. Cook J G, Natural fibers of animal origin(silk); Handbook of textile fibers (Marrowpublishing co. ltd. England), 3rd ed, 1964, pp154-165. [5]. Komatsu K, silk(its formation,structure,character and utilization), the polymeric materials encyclopedia (CRC Press) 1996. [6]. Wu, J,-H, Wang, Z, & Xu, S,-Y, (2007). Preparation and characterization of sericin powderextracted from silk industry wastewater. Food chemistry, 103, 1255-1262. [7]. Gulrajani M.L. (2005) Sericin: A bio-molecule of value. Souvenir 20th congress of theInternational sericulture commission, Banglore, India 15-18th December 2005. Pp. 21-29.
Abstract: Hand of cotton: woolhand knitted fabrics has been reported in this study. Indian crossbred wool (Rambouillet and Chokla) was blended with cotton (Mech I) in three different ratios (10-90%, 20-80% and 30-70%) and yarns were prepared on hand spinning system.Knitted fabric samples were constructed on 10-12 gauge, flat bed hand knitting machine. Fabric handle was objectively assessed by SiroFAST.
Key words: compression, dimensional stability, bending rigidity, formability
[1]. Anonymous In Fabric Assurance by Simple Testing Instruction Manual; CSIRO Division of Wool Technology: Sydney, Australia, 1989. [2]. Boos, De, A "Appendix B: SiroFAST - fabric assurance by simple testing", Effect of mechanical and physical properties on fabric hand, 2005. [3]. Charankar, P.S, Verma, V and Gupta, M. Growing importance of cotton blends in apparel market, Journal of the Textile Association, Jan.-Feb. 2007. [4]. Chattopadhyay.R.,Chavan.R.B. andNayak.R.K, NMC Charkha: A Design Analysis from Technological Considerations, Indian Institute of technology, Delhi, India, 2003. [5]. Frydrych, I. Objective Evaluation of Handle Textile Review, pp. 9 – 12. (in Polish),1997.
Abstract: Yarn tension during spinning affects the production rate as well as the quality of the yarn produced. Several efforts have been taken to reduce yarn tension for increasing the production rate. In modern spinning system, the main parameters that are giving tension to the yarn such as balloon formation and traveller has been totally eliminated. The 'collapsed balloon technique' is one, which is previously used only in woolen spinning to reduce yarn tension. In this study the collapsed balloon introduced in cotton spinning system also by changing some process parameters. And the quality of yarn produced in such a collapsed condition was compared with yarn produced in un-collapsed condition.
[1] A.E Debarr and H Catling, The principles and theory of yarn spinning, Textile Progress, The Textile Institute, Manchester, Butterworths, 1965. [2] A Barella, Yarn Hairiness, Textile Progress, The textile institute, Manchester, 13, 1983. [3] J.W.S Hearle, P. Grosberk and S Backer S, The Structural mechanics of fibres, yarns and fabrics, Wiley-interscience, Newyork, 1969. [4] Werner Klein, Spinning geometry and its significance ITB, 3, 1993. [5] A.E Debarr, A descriptive account of yarn tension and balloon shapes in ring spinning, Journal of Textile Institute, 49, 1958. [6] J Crank, A theoretical investigation of cap and ring spinning systems, Textile Research Journal, April 1953. [7] J Crank and D. D Whitmore, The influence of friction and traveller weight in ring spinning, Textile Research Journal, November 1954.
Abstract: This digital generation makes everything vibrates in the world, some vibrations are good and useful and the rest fall under the dangerous category. In spinning industry, the impact of vibration is affecting the quality of yarn. The vibration of the tin roller shaft is measured in ring spinning machine LR G5/1 equipped with 1008 spindles. The vibration of the tin roller shaft is measured in various position of the machine (near gear end, middle portion of the machine and from the off end of the machine). The vibration of the bearing also noted with respect to the cop position ( ¼ stage, ½ stage and ¾ stage). With the help of accelerometer which consists of piezoelectric sensor used to measure the vibration and to measure the acceleration of the frequency spectrum. This sensor is placed on the bearing with the help of magnetic attachment to analyse the vibration by using FFT analyser.
[1]. S. A. McInerny and Y. Dai, ―Basic Vibration Signal Processing for Bearing Fault Detection‖ IEEE Transaction on education, Vol.- 46, No-1, February- 2003 [2]. Braun S and Datner B 1977 Analysis of Roller/Ball Bearing Vibrations. ASME paper 77-WA/DE-5. [3]. Harris T A, Rolling Bearing Analysis (4th Ed) , Wiley, New York, 2001 [4]. Binz, H., Yarn Spinning Innovation, Technology, Evolution—Business and Technology Magazine from SKF, May 15, 1997, http://evolution.skf.com/yarn-spinning-innovation/, Accessed Date: May 1, 2013. [5]. Basu, A. and Gotipamul, R., Effect of some ring spinning and winding parameters on extra sensitive yarn imperfections. Indian Journal of Fibre & Textile Research (South India Textile Research Association) 30: 211–214, June 2005. [6]. Ishtiaque, S.M., Rengasamy, R.S., and Ghosh, A., Optimization of ring frame process parameters for better yarn quality and production. Indian Journal of Fibre & Textile Research 29: 190–195, June 2004 [7]. Shiffler, D.A., Roll wraps in ring spinning. Part II—Effect of fibre and spinning variables. Textile Research Journal 9: 515–522, 1993
Abstract: Polycarbonate and Thermoplastic Polyurethane Blend in the composition 90/10 (by wt/wt, % of PC/TPU) have been prepared by melt mixing using twin screw extruder. The effect of TPU addition on mechanical and fractographical properties of Polycarbonate was studied. It is shown that the toughness of PC was improved effectively with incorporation of TPU at low temperature and room temperature. Tensile tests at different temperatures viz.,-20oC, 0oC, R.T., were carried out by using environmental chamber on electro-mechanical machine, Instron 5582 model universal tester at constant cross-head velocity in order to investigate the influence of temperature on mechanical properties of PC/TPU blend. It is observed that there is quite different behavior of PC/TPU blend and pure Polycarbonate at these different temperature conditions.
Keywords – Polycarbonate, strain rate, Tension, Thermoplastic, TPU, Toughness, yield strength.
[1] Tang, S.H.;Kong, Y.M.;Sapun,S.M. Design and thermal analysis of plastic injection mould. J.Mater.Process. Technol., 171 (2), 2006, 259- 267
[2] Chen W;Lu F; Cheng M.Tension and compressive tests of two polymers under quasi-static and dynamic loading. Polymer Test ,21,2002,113–121.
[3] Kan C.;Yang W.;Yu W..Experimental investigation and modeling of the tension behavior of polycarbonate with temperature effects from low to high strain rates.Solids and structure, 51, 2014, 2539–2548.
[4] Zhang A.;Zhao G.;Gao J.;Guan Y.Effect of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene High- Rubber Powder and Strain Rate on the Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene/Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) Blends.Polym-Plastics Tech and Engg.,49:3,2010, 296-304.
Abstract: In the study composites were prepared using 65wt% of corncob, rice hull, walnut shell and flax shive fibers with 32 wt% of high-density polyethylene by extrusion method. Results indicated significant differences in the water absorption, thickness swelling and rheological properties of the agro fiber composites. The corncob composites exhibited the highest water absorption values. The flax shive composites showed the lowest water absorption and thickness swelling values. The rice hull composites exhibited the highest thickness swelling values. The corncob composites showed the greatest resistance to breakage whereas the walnut shell composites exhibited the least resistance to breakage. The four agro fiber composites showed higher viscosity at low shear rates and at higher shear rates the effect of the filler decreased and the matrix contributions dominated. The corncob composites exhibited the highest complex viscosity whereas the rice hull composites showed the lowest complex viscosity.
[1] A.R. Sanadi, D.F. Caulfield, and R.E. Jacobson, "Agro-fiber/thermoplastic composites," in paper and composites from agro-based resources, CRC Lewis Publishers 1997, 377-401.
[2] R.M. Rowell, "Chemical modification of agro-resources for property enhancement," in paper and composites from agro-based resources, CRC Press, 1997, 351-375.
[3] Nagarajan V, Mohanty AK and Misra M. Sustainable green composites: value addition to agricultural residues and perennial grasses. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 2013; 3:325–333.
[4] Panthapulakkal S and Sain M. Injection molded wheat straw and corn stem filled polypropylene composites. J Polym Environ 2006; 14: 265–272.
[5] A.O. Ogah and J.N. Afiukwa, Characterization and comparison of mechanical behavior of agro fiber filled high density polyethylene biocomposites, Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 33(1), 2014, 37-46.
[6] Espert A, Vilaplana F, Karlsson, S. Comparison of water absorption in natural cellulosic fibers from wood and one-year crops in polypropylene composites and its influence on their mechanical properties. Composites Part A 2004; 1267-1276.
Abstract: It is felt very essential to develop a knowledge base on dye chemistry and effects of dyeing process variables as well as rate of dyeing and chemical kinetics of dyeing for different natural dyes and fibres combinations to manipulate the processes of natural dyeing efficiently in order to get maximum color yield in economical way. A review on the effects of dye extraction medium, optimum concentrations of dye source material, extraction time, dyeing time, mordant concentration and methods of mordanting on silk dyed with natural dyes has presented in the article.
Keywords: Dyes, natural fibers, physico- chemical, silk textiles, etc.
[1]. Allen, R. L. M.," Colour chemistry", Nelson, London,(1971), ISBN 978-0-177-61717-1. [2]. Samanta, A. K. & Agarwal, P." Application of natural dyes on textiles, Indian Journal of Fibre & Textile Research", Vol. 34, (2009), 384-399. [3]. Gupta G, "Proceedings , Convention of Natural Dyes", Edited: Deepti Gupta & M L Gulrajani (Department of Textile Technology, IIT Delhi), (l999). [4]. Grover E, Sharma A & Rawat B, "Introduction to Dyes", Vol. l90 (10), (2005), 9-14. [5]. Srivastava M, Pareek M & Valentina, "Colourage", Vol. 53(2), (2006), 57-62. [6]. Agarwal A, Goel A. & Gupta K. C.," Text Dyes Printer", Vol. 25(10),(l992), 28-34.
