IOSR-JBM   Volume-18 ~ Issue-6 ~ June-2016

Abstract: The study investigates public debt and economic growth in Nigeria. The main objective is thus to empirically establish the impact of both domestic and external debt on the level of economic growth in Nigeria. The study covered the period between 1980 and 2014. Usign the VAR methodology. The study shows that both domestic and external debt are statistically insignificant in explaining the level of economic growth in Nigeria. This result casts doubt on the efficient utilization of public debts in Nigeria.............

Keywords: External debt, internal debt, fiscal deficit, economic growth, VAR

[1]. R. Romano (2010) ―Adam Smith prophecy: Today's sovereign debt crisis‖ Net Right Daily. Retrieved from: http://netrightdaily.com/2010/01/adam-smiths-prophesy-todays- sovereign-debt-crisis/
[2]. B. Motley (1987) ―Ricardo or Keynes: Does the government debt affects consumption?‖ federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco Economic Review.
[3]. Z. Szabo (2013) ―The effect of sovereign debt on economic growth and economic development‖ ISSES. Retrieved from: https://www.asz.hu/...effect-of-sovereign-debt.../a-szabo-2013-3.pdf
[4]. W. Benayed, F.B. Gabsi, andS.O. Belguith (2015)‖Threshold effects of public debt and domestic investment: Evidence from selected African countries.‖ Theoretical and Applied Economics 23 (20150) No. 4(605).
[5]. U. Panizza (2015) ―Public debt and long-term economic growth: The research and policy agenda‖OesterreichischeNationalBank (ONB) 43rd ECONOMICS CONFERENCE 2015

Abstract: Nigeria is the biggest economy in Africa and one of the biggest in the world, at the same time India is the third largest economy globally. Despite of some hiccups in recent past, there are big companies operating in Nigeria, while India has many multinational corporations working on its shores. The present study which concentrates on the issue of organizational diversity is relevant in the context of both the countries as the business organizations in these two countries have employees from very diverse socio economic background, religion, tribe, ethnic background, language, gender and the like. Thus studying organizational diversity becomes imperative for practicing managers in these regions for proper functioning and productivity in their organizations.............

Keywords: Nigeria, India, Employees, Organizational Diversity, FMCG, IT and Financial Sector

[1]. Abbas, S. M. S. (2015). Indian employees and workplace diversity: A study on attitudinal elements. Pacific Business Review International, 7 (8), 1-10.
[2]. Adigun, I. (1995). Effects of domestic multiculturalism on job attitudes in Nigeria: A research note. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 6 (4), 910-929.

[3]. Afolabi, O. A., & Omole, E. O. (2011). Personality type and workforce diversity as predictors of ethical behaviour and job satisfaction among Nigerian policemen. Current Research Journal of Social Sciences, 3, 381-388.
[4]. Allen, R., Dawson, G., Wheatley, K., & White, C. S. (2004). Diversity practices: Learning responses for modern organisation, development and learning. Organisations: An International Journal, 18 (6), 13-15.
[5]. Barnes-Farrell, J. L., Rumery, S. M., & Swody, C. A. (2002). How do concepts of age relate to work and off-the-job stresses and strains? A field study of health care workers in five nations. Experimental Aging Research, 28, 87-98.

Abstract: Job satisfaction is one of the most widely researched subjects in the area of organizational behavior and human resource management. Satisfied employees are likely to be more productive and committed to their job and committed employee implies low turnover. Due to globalization of health sector there is a lot of migration of employees towards good opportunities, overall growth and satisfied job. Health care sector is more people centric service sector which is growing rapidly in recent years.............

Keywords: Job satisfaction, hospital employees, review of literature

[1]. Locke, E. A. (1976). The nature and causes of Job Satisfaction. In M.D. Dunnette (Ed.), Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology (pp. 1297- 1343). Chicago: Rand McNally.
[2]. Spector, P.E. (1997). Job satisfaction: Application, assessment, causes and consequences, SAGE, London.

[3]. Mullins L. (1999). Management and Organizational Behavior. 5th Ed. London: Person Education.

[4]. Kaarna, M. (2007). The importance of job satisfaction in hospital quality process. Master of Public Health. NHV: Nordic School of Public. http://www.nhv.se./upload/dokument/ [5]. ./forskning/publikationer/mph/2007/mph2007-4_marina_kaarna.pdf

Abstract: The main purpose of this paper is to discuss the factors of organizational change and the organizational process that can be implemented based on the business environment, uncertainty, market changes and technology growth. An organization can be identified through its subsystem, design archetype and interpretive schemes, which consist of tangible and intangible elements. Leaders or managers should implementthe process of unfreezing, changing and refreezing effectively to enhance organizational performance and to cope with the rapid changes in business dynamics..............

Keywords: Implementation process, factors of organizational change

[1]. Apte, S.S. (1998). Organizational transformation through creative problem solving.Indian Journal of Training and Development,28(4), 57-76.
[2]. Bhatnagar, J., Budhwar, P., Srivastava, P., & Saini, D.S. (2010). Organizational change and development in India.Journal of Organizational Change Management, 23(5), 485-499.doi: 10.1108/09534811011071243
[3]. Castel, P., & Friedberg, E. (2010). Institutional change as an interactive process: the case of the modernization of the French cancer centers. Organization Science, 21(2), 311-330. doi: 10.1287/orsc.1090.0442
[4]. Dawson, P. (1994). Organizational Change: A Process Approach. London: Paul Chapman.
[5]. Gilgeous, V. (1997).Operations and the Management of Change. London: Pitman Publishing.

Abstract: Financial inclusion become a new phenomenon in the global financial system, including in Indonesia. Financial inclusion is often associated with poverty. This study intended to determine the effect of financial inclusion confronted by problems of geography against poverty. We uses panel data in the years of 2005 - 2013 of the 31 provinces in Indonesia. This study found that there is a positive and significant effect of inclusive finance to investment and growth as well as negative and significant impact on poverty, but has no significant effect on economic growth. Artifacts differences higher investment in Java and Sumatra as well as lower poverty when compared to other islands in Indonesia.

Keywords: Financial Inclusion, Poverty Reduction, Investment, Economic Growth.

[1]. Romer, C., D., and Romer, D., H., (1999), "Monetary Policy and the Well-Being of the Poor", Economic Review, (Q I):21–49.
[2]. David Fielding (2003)," How Does Monetary Policy Affect the Poor? Evidence from the West African Economic and Monetary Union" Discussion Papers in Economics number 03/11, Department of Economics University of Leicester
[3]. J-P. Azam (2003) "Poverty and Growth in the WAEMU After the 1994 Devaluation", mimeo, UNU/WIDER, Helsinki, Finland [4]. FoudaEkobena S.Y. (2014),"Does Monetary Policy Really Affect Poverty?" ArtcleWorkshop on Monetary Policy and Inequality April 3-4, 2014 Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta
[5]. World Bank (2011), "Financial Inclusion" Global Financial Development Report.

Abstract: Successful financial intermediation role of commercial banks can be achieved effectively if there is proper identification and match between market segments and banking services. The banking industry went through trying times and changes that could have shaken and restructured the customer expectations, interests, wants and needs around the financial products. This could point to the confusion, mixing up, shaking up and distortion that could have happened in the market segments of Harare based commercial banks.............

Keywords: Banking industry, Harare Banks, Re-segmentation, Customer expectations, segmentation variables.

[1]. Gunter B, and Furnham A (1992) Consumer profiles: An introduction to psychographics. Routledge, London.
[2]. Kotler P and Keller. K. L (2013).Marketing Management, 14th Edition, Pearson Edication Limited, Boston.
[3]. Pickton D, and Broderick A. (2005) Integrated Marketing Communications. Published by Financal Times Management
[4]. Kotler. P, and Armstrong. G(2012,2014) Principles of Marketing, Pearson Education Limited, Boston. END

Abstract: The study aimed at analysing the determinants of market orientation culture of the lodges businesses in Zimbabwe. The basis for carrying out the research were the observed challenges initially faced by some lodges, which included low customer satisfaction, low revenue generation than expected, low rate of visitor occupancy, poor facial features of some buildings and high customer complaints. Understanding the marketing orientation culture enable managers and employees of the lodges industry, to satisfy customers, gain competitive advantage and post positive long-term profits..............

Keywords: Market orientation culture, customer orientation, marketing concept, management commitment, Inter-item correlation.

[1]. Brown, A.C., and Maven, D.T. (2005) Superior Performance through effective interaction with customers, International Journal of Marketing Studies Vol. 3 No 1.
[2]. Creswell J. W. (2009), Research Design, Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches, 3rd Edition, SAGE Publications, Singapore.
[3]. Gounaris, S., (2008), "The notion of internal Marketing orientation and employee job satisfaction: some preliminary evidence", Journal of Services Marketing, Vol. 22, No.2008, pp.68-90.
[4]. Greenley, G.E. (1995) "Market Orientation and Company Performance: Empirical Evidence From UK Companies". British Journal of Management,6: 1-13.
[5]. Harrell, G.D. and Frazier, G.L. (1999) Marketing connecting with customers. New Dehli.

Abstract: The business environment is transforming itself from a traditional financial perspective to a competency based, strategic perspective. Green issues have already been popular in environmental and social aspects of present corporate world. Corporate green HR focuses on high level of technical and managerial competencies for employees as the firms wants to develop innovative environmental initiatives and functions that have tremendous managerial implications. In general, green HR particularly deals with the HR activities with are environment friendly and promote the sustainability of resources that an organization may have.............

Keywords: Human Resource Management, Green HRM Practices, Firms, HR Strategy, HR Practices & Policies.

[1]. [1] D. P. Deshwal, Green HRM: An organizational strategy of greening people, International Journal of Applied Research, 1(13), 2015, 176-181.
[2]. B. F. Daily and S. C. Haung, Achieving sustainability through attention to human resource factors in environmental management, International Journal of Operations and Productions Management, 21(2), 2001, 1539-1552.
[3]. E. Callenbach, F. Capra, L. Goladman, R. Lutz, and S. Marburg, Eco-management: The Elmwood guide to ecological auditing and sustainable business (San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 1993).
[4]. D. Renwick, T. Redman, and S. Maquire, Green HRM: A review, process model, and research agenda, Discussion paper series, 2008, University of Sheffield Management School, The University of Sheffield.
[5]. K. Peattie, Environmental marketing management: Meeting the green challenge (London: Pitman, 1995).

Abstract: This study investigates the imperative of practical entrepreneurship education for Nigeria in the world of economic reality. The research design used in this study was survey method. The study adopted both primary and secondary method to gather reliable data and information. The study was conducted on Kogi State University students in Nigeria (non-enterprising students- 5000 and enterprising students- 1470). The study adopted stratified random sampling technique and, applied simple random sampling technique to choose the required sample size. The study's sample size was determined using Taro Yamane sampling method,............

Keywords: Entrepreneurship Education, Economic Development, Student Entrepreneurship Practical Experience, Entrepreneurial Activity, Strategy

[1]. Abdullahi, S. A. (2009). Entrepreneurship Skills Development as an Economic Empowerment and Poverty Reduction Strategy in Nigeria. In A. Mamman, K.S. Aminu and A. Adah (eds.). Entrepreneurship Education and Poverty Alleviation in Northern Nigeria. Shodh Ganga. 3(1): 1-6
[2]. Abdullahi, S.A. 2012. Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth: An Analysis of Impact of Public Policy on Entrepreneurship Development in Nigeria. International Conference on Business and Management, Phuket– Thailand, September 6 – 7.
[3]. Acs, Z.J. and Storey, D.J. (2004). Introduction: Entrepreneurship and Economic Development. In I.A. Akhuemonkhan, L. Raimi and A.O. Sofoluwe (Eds.). Entrepreneurship Education and Employment Stimulation in Nigeria.Journal of Studies in Social Sciences, 3(1): 55-79
[4]. Akhuemonkhan, I.A., Raimi, L. and Sofoluwe, A.O. 2013. Entrepreneurship Education and Employment Stimulation in Nigeria. Journal of Studies in Social Sciences. 3(1): 55-79
[5]. Akudolu, L. (2010). A curriculum Framework for Entrepreneurship Education in Nigeria. In A. Mamman, K.S. Aminu and A. Adah (eds.). Entrepreneurship Education and Poverty Alleviation in Northern Nigeria. Shodh Ganga. 3(1): 1-6

Abstract: The study results are to identify and analyze the factors affecting online marketing competence for Vietnamese enterprises. The results have shown the following objectives: First, identify the factors affecting online marketing competence for Vietnamese enterprises; Second, determine the impact extent of the factors affecting affecting online marketing competence for Vietnamese enterprises; Third, propose solutions to improve affecting online marketing competence for Vietnamese enterprises. They showed that there are 5 factors having an impact on affecting online marketing competence for Vietnamese enterprises and the impact of these factors are in order as follows: Search engine optimization, social media, e-commerce, email marketing, and websites.

Keywords: online marketing, online sales, retail competitiveness, competitiveness, customer attitudes, customer behaviors.

[1]. Danny Dover, Search Engine Optimitization Secret. Journal of Marketing Research, 7 (3), 2011, 98-106.
[2]. Anna Lousis, Competitiveness in online marketing. Journal of Marketing Research, 2 (2), 2013, 149-158.
[3]. Harteserre, A, Lessons in online marketing in the case of Thailand.International Journal of Economics and Marketing Studies, 7 (1), 2002, 102-109.
[4]. Tran Phi Hoang, The analyzing of the factors affecting the search engine optimization (SEO) for online sale websites in Vietnam: a case study of Hotdeal.vn, KaavInternational Journal of Arts, Humanities &Social Sciences, 2, (4), 2015, 31-40.
[5]. Dochartaigh, N. O, The Internet Research Handbook: A Practical Guide for customers and Researchers in The Social Sciences. London, Sage, 2002, 113-149.

Abstract: The study focused on evaluating the flexibility of bank supply strategies to meet variations in service demand. The study is focussed on analysing strategies of dealing with supply and demand mismatches in the banking sector taking Commercial Bank of Zimbabwe (CBZ) as a case study company. A cross sectional survey with 144 respondents established using quota sampling was applied. Stretching banking hours during peak periods, encouraging use of electronic banking services by customers and provision of additional counters and tellers were rated as key strategies for rescuing the long queue problem. The study also established that CBZ can flex its capacity by effectively managing the human resource function.

Keywords: Demand and supply mismatch, Commercial bank, Strategies.

[1]. Hoffman, K.D. and Bateson, J.E. (2010). Services Marketing, Concepts, Strategies and Cases .4th Edition; USA: South –Western CENGAGE Learning.
[2]. Johnston, R. and Clark, G. (2001) Service Operations Management. Harlow, Pearson Education.
[3]. Klassen, K.J. and Rohleder, T.R. (2002) "Demand and capacity management decisions in services: how they impact on one another‟ International Journal of Operations and Production Management, Vol. 22, No. 5 pp 272-79
[4]. Laing A, Lewis B, Foxall, G. and Hogg, G., (2002), "Predicting a diverse future: Directions and issues in the marketing of services", European Journal of Marketing, Vol.36 Iss:4 pp. 479-494
[5]. Lovelock, C. and Wirtz, J. (2011) Services Marketing; People, Technology, Strategy 7th Edition. Pearson Publishers.

Abstract: Though customer service performance and customer satisfaction levels in the Zimbabwean banking sector had been thought to be influenced mainly by the inventorylessness, intangibility, inseparability and inconsistency services generic features, and manifested through the length and magnitude of queues since 2007 to 2016, little effort was done to cure such long waiting and queuing problems. Many customers joined the state owned banks like CBZ as they were rated as less risk by new customers and those customers inherited from ailing and closed banks. With CBZ bank currently known for long queues in the 2014 to 2016 period, a quantitative empirical study using 144 quota sampled CBZ bank customers was carried out to establish their feelings and reactions to those long queues.......

Keywords: State bank, customer feelings, queues, demand-supply mismatch, services complexity.

[1]. Armstrong, R.W. and Seng, T.B. (2000). Corporate-customer satisfaction in the banking industry of Singapore. International Journal of Bank Marketing, Vol.18 (3) pp.97-111
[2]. Bebko C.P (2000) "Service Intangibility and Its Impact on Consumer Expectations of Service Quality‟ Journal of Service Marketing. Vol 14 (1) pp 10-26.
[3]. Grove, S.J., Fisk R.P. and John, J. (2003), "The future of services marketing: forecasts from ten services experts", Journal of Services Marketing, Vol.17 (2) pp.107-121
[4]. Hoffman K.D. and Bateson, J.E.G. (2011). Services Marketing, Concepts, Strategies and Cases 3rd Edition. Mason: Thomson.