iosr-JDMS   Volume-13 ~ Issue-10 ~ October-2014

Abstract: Cysticercosis is one of the most common parasitic infestations in humans. Neurocysticercosis is the commonest parasitosis of the central nervous system. It may present as intramuscular or subcutaneous nodules the later being rare. Clinically it may be mistaken as lipoma or neurofibroma. Even on high resolution ultrasound it may be misdiagnosed if cyst with scolex is not made out.On histopathological examination of the cut sections cysticercous larvae with surrounding inflammation are seen.

[1]. Rakesh T Shedge, Sanjay G Surase, Milind More, Vaishali N Solanke : subcutaneous cystecercosis : Bombay Hospital Journal, Vol. 54, no.2, 2012
[2]. Pawane P.S, Balamurugan M, Pillai R, Pradep Kumar N.S : Diagnosis of Subcutaneous Cysticercosis In Soft Tissue Mass Over Anterior abdominal Wall: Journal Of Evolution Of Medical and Dental Sciences/ Vol 1/ issue 6/ Dec 2012
[3]. Amit Mittal, Sanjeev Gupta, Sunita Gupta, Vinod Mehta: Subcutaneous and Intramuscular Cysticercosis-High Resolution Sonography: Indian J dermatol Venerol Leprol/ Sep-Oct 2009/ Vol 75/ Issue 5
[4]. Sunita Bamanikar, Tejaswini Malhotra, Parveen Kaur: Soft Tissue Cysticercosis: International Journal of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences ISSN:2277-2103
[5]. S. Gole, G. Gole, V. Satyanarayana, A Deshpande, S.Tati: Cysticercosis at Rare Sites: http://ispub.com/IJPD/5/1/14 340

Abstract: Dislocation of the temporomandibular joint is not an uncommon condition. It may be unilateral or bilateral and can be acute, recurrent and rarely chronic. The pathogenesis of chronic dislocation is diverse. Manual reduction may be difficult to reduce after certain period because of fibrosis. Surgical reduction is than indicated. This paper reports a case of chronic TMJ dislocation in a dentulous patient in which conventional manual reduction with local anaesthesia, sedation or general anaesthesia with muscle relaxants failed .Than elastic traction was tried which initially failed . But it was than successfully reduced when elastic traction was applied along with a specialy designed bite plate. Hence, with properly selected chronic cases for elastic traction ; where path of displacement of the condyle is in a favourable path with the resultant force vector retraction path of traction ; this non surgical procedure can be successfully tried for tmj reduction.

Key Words: Bite Plate , Elastic Traction , Non surgical TMJ reduction , TMJ dislocation.

[1]. R. M. Aleman Navas, M. G. Martınez Mendoza: 'Inverse' temporomandibular joint dislocation. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 2011; 40: 877–879

[2]. Allen FJ, Young AH. Lateral displacement of the intact mandibular condyle. A report of five cases. Br J Oral Surg 1969: 7: 24–30. [3]. Zecha JJ. Mandibular condyle dislocation into the middle cranial fossa. Int J Oral Surg 1977: 6: 141–146.

[4]. FORDYCE GL. Long-standing bilateral dislocation of the jaw. Br J Oral Surg 1965: 2:222 5.

[5] HAMMERSLEY N. Chronic bilateral dislocation of the temporomandibular joint. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1986: 24: 365- 75.

[6]. LITTLER BO. The role of local anaesthesia in the reduction of long-standing dislocation of the temporomandibular joint. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1980: 18: 81-5.

Abstract: Gout is a systemic metabolic disease affecting more than 1% of the population. Four clinical stages (asymptomatic hyper uricemia, acute gouty arthritis, interstitial gout, and chronic tophaceous gout) are described. Tophi may appear at any site, but the most common sites are the digits or the ears, hand and of the the feet and the olecranon bursa. A 28-year-old man sustained fracture on tibia after trivial trauma in same limb operated 10 year back. Intraoperativly at fracture site there is massive chalky white deposit found. After thorough investigation of patient and histopathological examination of deposit found that patient has high normal level of serum uric acid. Biopsy report shows touphious deposit. All other differential diagnosis chalky white material was ruled out. Patient did not have any history and clinical feature of any joint involment. We present a case of postoperatively deposition of gouty tophi in subclinical gout in around 10 year old implant of tibia and causes pathological fracture of long bone after trival trauma.

Key words: Gout, tophy, pathological fracture

[1]. Diagnosis of gout: clinical, laboratory, and radiologic fi ndings. Schlesinger N. Am J Manag Care 2005;11:S443-S450.
[2]. Wernick R, Winkler C, Campbell S. Tophi as the initial managment of gout. Report of six cases and review of the literature. Arch Intern Med 1992;152:873-876. 3. Nishioka N, Mikanagi K. Clinical features of 4,000 gouty subjects in Japan. Ad Exp Med Biol 1980;122:47–54.
[3]. Straub LR, Smith JW, Carpenter GK, Dietz GH. The surgery of gout in the upper extremity. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1961;43: 731–
[4]. R. C. Landis and D. O. Haskard, "Pathogenesis of crystal-induced inflammation," Current Rheumatology Reports, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 36–41, 2001.

[5]. K. N. Kelley, "Approach to the patient with hyperuricemia," in Textbook of Rheumatology, W. N. Kelley, E. D. Harris, S. Ruddy, et al., Eds., pp. 1340–1347, W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, Pa, USA, 2nd edition, 1985

Abstract: Dens invaginatus is a developmental malformation of teeth .It shows a deep in folding of enamel and dentine starting from the tip of the cusps and which may extend deep into the root. Commonly affected teeth are maxillary lateral incisors. The malformed teeth shows a morphologic variations and frequently results in early pulp necrosis. Root canal treatment may present severe problems because of complex anatomy of teeth. Here we present a case describing the anomalous development of maxillary permanent lateral incisor indicative of dens invaginatus with a large radicular cyst, in a twenty-year-old female.

Key words: Dens invaginatus, pulp vitality, radicular cyst..

[1]. Hulsmann M.Dens invaginatus: aetiology, classification, prevalence, diagnosis and treatment considerations.IntEndod J 1997; 30:79-90.
[2]. Silberman A, Cohenca N, Simon JH. Anatomical redesign for the treatment of dens invaginatus type III with open apexes: a literature review and case presentation.JAm Dent Assoc2006; 137(2):180-5.
[3]. Alani A,Bishop K.Densinvaginatus. Part 1:classification, prevalence, aetiology.IntEndod J 2008; 41(12):1123-1136.
[4]. Reddy YP, Karpagavinayagam K, Subbarao CV.Management of Dens invaginatus diagnosed by spiral computed tomography. J Endod 2008; 34:1138-1142.
[5]. Dens invaginatus in a maxillary Canine: A rare case report. J Endod 2007; 33:64-68

Abstract: Introduction: Medical education is facing a lot of new challenges today. Education among medical students is perceived to have declined largely in recent years.Objective: To assess the study skills among final year MBBS students.Materials and methods: A descriptive cross- sectional study was done on 'Study skills assessment' among 137 Final MBBS students of Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. Out of 137 students, 125 students who filled in the questionnaire completely were included in the study. Pre tested, modified, self-administered questionnaire which has been adapted from 'DENIS CONGO STUDY SKILLS INVENTORY' was used.Data was analyzed using MS excel and relevant statistical tests were applied. Results: Out of 125 students,58 were boys and 67 were girls. 82 students were hostellers while 43 were Day scholars.While reading a text book, only 11 (9%)students said that they almost always formulate questions before, during or after reading the text book.Only three students stated that they do not use mnemonics while all others stated that they use mnemonics some or other time while learning. When the domains were assessed gender wise, the mean score for notes taking was higher among females (11.32 + 3.19) than males (8.79 + 3.28) and this difference was found to be statistically significant. Recommendation:Study skills among students can be improved further by better time management and test preparation. Applying study skills leads to better student learning.

Key words: medical students, medical education, study skills assessment

[1]. Mandal A, Ghosh A, Sengupta G, Bera T, Das N,Mukherjee S. Factors affecting the performance of undergraduate medicalstudents: A perspective. Indian J Community Med 2012;37:126-9.
[2]. Drew S, Bingham R. The student skill guide. Gower;1998.
[3]. 11/91rev12/02, 9/08, 3/10 Developed by Dennis H Congos, Academic Advisor and Learning Skills Specialist, First Year Advising andExploration, 116 Phillips Hall, University of Central Florida, OrlandoFL, 32816 407 — 823-3789. Email: dcongos@mail.ucf.edu.
[4]. Nagaraj C, Pradeep BS. Why do medical studentsunder-perform? A cross-sectional study from KempeGowda Institute ofMedical Sciences, Bangalore. J NTR Univ Health Sci 2014;3:92-6.
[5]. Nourian A, Mousavinasab SN, Fehri A, Mohammadzadeh A, Mohammadi J. Evaluation of study skills and habits in medical students. S East Asian J Med Educ 2008;2-1:61-4.

Abstract: A bilateral accessory middle turbinate is an extremely rare anatomical variation. The embryological development of the nasal turbinate is a complex process during which anatomic variations may occur at multiple points. It is a bony prominence covered with soft tissue that originates from the lateral wall. In this study, we report a case of bilateral accessory middle turbinate projecting inferolaterally leading to chronic nasal obstruction .With the advent of imaging techniques like CT scans of paranasal sinuses,and diagnostic nasal endoscopy, the anatomical variations of nose and paranasal sinuses can easily be elicited. In this case after confirming the diagnosis by CT scan and diagnostic nasal endoscopy the patient was electively posted for Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery and bilateral accessory middle turbinates were resected out.

Keywords: Accessory middle turbinate, Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery ,Osteomeatal complex

[1] Lee HY, Kim CH, Kim JY, et al, Surgical anatomy of idle turbinate, ClinAnat ,19, 2006 , 493-6.

[2] Bolger WE, Butzin CA, and Parsons DS,Paranasal sinus bony anatomic variations and mucosal abnormalities : CT analysis for endoscopic sinus surgery. Laryngoscope, 101, 1991, 56-64.

[3] Khanobthamchai K, Shankar L, Hawke M, and Bingham B, The secondary middle turbinate, J Otolaryngol, 20, 1991, 412-413.

[4] Lin YL, Lin YS, Su WF, and Wang CH, A secondary middle turbinate co existing with an accessory middle turbinate: an unusual combination of two anatomical variations, ActaOtolaryngol, 126, 2006, 429-431.

[5] Stammberger H, Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (Pheladelphia : B.C .Decker, 1991.)

Abstract: Background: Dermatophytosis is one of the most common cutaneous fungal infections of public health importance. Its prevalence differs from place to place and is influenced by environmental conditions, personal hygiene and habits. Aim: The present study was undertaken to assess the clinical and mycological profile of dermatophytic infection and identify the species of fungi using standard techniques. Materials and methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in 100 clinically diagnosed patients of dermatophytosis attending the dermatology outpatient department of our hospital. Proforma containing structured questionnaire was also filled. Skin scrapings, nail scrapes or nail clippings and infected hair stubs were collected. All specimens were screened for dermatophytes by direct microscopy using KOH DMSO preparation and confirmed by fungal culture. Results: Tinea unguium (52.0%) was predominant clinical condition. Males were affected more (79.0%) than females. Dermatophytosis was predominantly found in more than 60 years (32.0%) and 31-45 years (24.0%). Fungi were demonstrated in 55.0% cases by KOH mount and 46.0% cases were positive by culture. 16.0% cases were KOH negative and culture positive. Trichophyton rubrum (41.0%) was the predominant species. Conclusions: Males with age group above 60 years were most commonly affected in our area. Predominant clinical type was tinea unguium probably because most of them were farmers and labourers with poor hygiene. Trichophyton rubrum was the commonest dermatophyte isolated. KOH negative and culture positive cases indicate that culture is a gold standard for isolation and identification of dermatophytes.

Key words: Dermatophyte, Dermatophytosis, Tinea, Trichophyton

[1]. Singh S, Beena PM. Comparative study of different microscopic techniques and culture media for the isolation of dermatophytes. Indian J Med Micrbiol 2003; 21:21-4.
[2]. Chander J: Dermatophytoses. In: Textbook of Medical Mycology. 3rd Edn; Mehta publishers, New Delhi, 2009, pp.134-141.
[3]. Hay RJ. Genetic susceptibility to dermatophytoses. Eur J Epidemiol 1992; 8:346-9.
[4]. Larone DH. Dermatophytes. In: medically important fungi – Aguide to identification. 4th Edn; ASM Press, Washington DC 2002; 241-53.
[5]. Suruchi B, Sunite AG, Anil K, Nand LS. Mycological pattern of Dermatophytosis in and Around Shimla Hills. Indian Journal of Dermatology 2014; 59(3): 268-70.

Abstract: Gorham's stout disease is rare skeletal condition presenting with massive osteolysis of the involved bone due to intraosseous vasculolymphatic tissue. This entity is rather misdiagnosed as aggressive lytic lesion, which results in patient being subjected to painful biopsy procedures. However this entity is seen to progress rapidly after any form of traumatic procedures according to some literature. Trauma is one of the important events that precedes this condition, However few cases had no antecedent trauma and were considered idiopathic. We report a 19 year old male who presented with left sided facial swelling with no antecedent trauma. Clinical features were not directive to any specific diagnosis. Various laboratory and radiological investigations were performed. Imaging was rather nonspecific other than mandibular osteolysis with no periosteal reaction or soft tissue calcification, but our experience with previous such entity, negative laboratory findings &retrospectiveclinical correlation, helped us diagnose this entity. Imaging was followed by biopsy (on clinicians demand), which confirmed our interpretation of facioskeletalgorham's.

[1]. Gorham L, Stout A. Massive osteolysis (acute spontaneous absorption of bone, disappearing bone): its relation to hemangiomatosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1955;37:985–1004

[2]. Jackson JBS. A boneless arm. Boston Med Surg J 1838;10:368–369

[3]. Romer O. Die Pathologie der Zahne. In:von Henke F, Lubarsch O, editors. , eds. Handbook of pathology, anatomy and histology. Vol 4 Berlin, Germany: Springer Verlag; 1924. pp 135–499

[4]. Gorham LW, Wright AW, Shultz HH, Maxon FC. Disappearing bones. A rare form of massive osteolysis: report of two cases, one with autopsy findings. Am J Med 1954;17:674–682

[5]. Escande C, Schouman T, Françoise G, Haroche J, Ménard P, Piette JC, et al. Histological features and management of a mandibular Gorham disease: a case report and review of maxillofacial cases in the literature. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral RadiolEndod 2008;106:e30–e37

Abstract: Prosthodontics is a wonderful branch.It trains us to deal with various kinds of patients.Sometimes we face very special patients, namely critical patients.Comatose and severely ill patients suffer a multiple number of difficulties.Their oral care is of paramount importance because they are dependent on their family and attendants.A Prosthodontist is often sought after to manage these patients.One's knowledge and clinical skills are utilized here to prepare adequate appliances for them.These appliances are made with ease and provide oral hygiene for these special patients.The call of the hour for the Prosthodontist is to understand and develop a determination to treat such patients successfully.

Keywords: comatose; critical; special; Prosthodontist; care

[1]. E.A.Rovenstine.The incidence, diagnosis and management of coma.Anesthesiology.The journal of American society of Anesthesists.Jan 1945, vol 6, no 1.
[2]. Taira Kobayashi, Henry Ghanem,Koji Umezawa,Junichi Mega, Misao Kawara, Jocelyne S. Feine. Treatment of Self-Inflicted Oral Trauma in a Comatose Patient: A Case Report. J Can Dent Assoc 2005; 71(9):661–4.

[3]. Marianne O'Reilly. Oral care of the critically ill: a review of the literature and guidelines for practice.Australian Critical Care.Volume 16, Issue 3, August 2003, Pages 101–110.

[4]. A. Dougall & J. Fiske. Access to special care dentistry, part 4. Education.British Dental Journal 205, 119 - 130 (2008).

[5]. Schimmel, M., Schoeni, P., Zulian, G. B. and Müller, F. (2008), Utilisation of dental services in a university hospital palliative and long-term care unit in Geneva. Gerodontology, 25: 107–112.

Abstract: A one day old female neonate by gestational age of 35 weeks, has clinical features of both collodion baby and harlequin ichthyosis.Coincidence of these two disorders is very rare. Prenatal diagnosis with ultrasonography, fetal skin biopsy, examination of cell from amniotic fluid is possible and can lead to early diagnosis before birth. Morbidity and mortality can reduce by appropriate and immediate treatment.
Key word: harlequin ichthyosis, collodionbaby,ectropion, eclabium

[1] JG. Morelli, Disorders of keratinization, In: Behrman RE, Kliegman RM, Jenson HB (eds) Nelson Textbook Of Pediatrics, 19th edn. Philadelphia, WB Saunders. 2011, 2267-73. [2] SB. HoathandV. Narenderan, The skin. In: Richard J. Martin, Avroy A. Fanaroff, and Michele C. Walsh. Neonatal- Perinatal Medicine, 9th Edition. 2010, 1713- 16.
[3] S. Burdette-Taylor, Case study: harlequin fetus, a disease of cornification,Ostomy Wound Manage,1994;40:14 – 19.
[4] RK. Gupta SD. Sharma andR. Gupta,ColloidionBaby,Journal of Medical Education and Research,2009, 11: 204 – 205.
[5] D. Van GyselRL. LijnenSS. MoektiPC. De LaatandAP. Oranje,"Collodion baby: a follow-up study of 17 cases, Journal European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 2002, 16: 472–475.

Abstract: Background: Periodontitis, defined as an inflammatory disease of the supporting tissue of the teeth caused by specific microorganisms resulting in progressive destruction of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone with pocket formation, recession or both. Although bacteria are considered to be the primary etiologic agents of periodontal disease the pathogenesis of periodontitis involves host-bacterial interaction followed by release of inflammatory mediators such as eicosanoids and cytokines . Arachidonic acid metabolites, mainly prostaglandins of the E series (PGE2), seem to be critical mediators in the progression of periodontal disease. Meloxicam inhibits prostaglandin synthetase (cylooxygenase 1 and 2) and leads to a decrease of the synthesis of prostaglandins, therefore, inflammation is reduced.
Aim of the study: To evaluation of immunological parameters after sulcular injection of meloxicam on periodontium , throughout measuring the level of cytokine such as interlukine-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF-alpha ) in blood of rabbit. Materials and Methods: Forty five male rabbits of same species were divided into three groups as following: Group1: included 20 rabbits that injected with meloxicam with a dose equivalent to human therapeutic dose using insulin syringe,

Key word: Meloxicom, periodontitis, IL-1β and TNF- α

[1]. Carin E. Dugowson, MD, MPH,Priya Gnanashanmugam, MD.(2006). Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am;17:347-354
[2]. Howell TH, Williams RC(1993).Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs as inhibitors of periodontal disease progression. Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine;4(2):177-96.
[3]. Laurent B & Annette M.(2000).Effects of meloxicam, Diclofenac, & Aceclofenac on the Metabolism of Proteoglycans & Hyaluronan in Osteoarthritic Human Cartilage. British Journal of Pharmacology; 131: 1413- 1421
[4]. Tokoro Y, Yammamoto T, Hara K. IL-1 (1996). beta mRNA as the predominant inflammatory cytokine transcript: correlation with inflammatory cell infiltration into human gingiva. J Oral Pathol Med; 25:225-231
[5]. Delaleu N, Bickel M. (2004). Interleukin-1beta and interleukin-18: regulation and activity in local inflammation. Periodontol 2000; 35:42-52

Abstract: Acute appendicitis has remained the most common diagnosis of emergency hospital admissions requiring laparotomy.[1,2] Approximately 6% of the population suffers from acute appendicitis during their lifetime. The mortality rate is less than 0.1% for non-complicated appendicitis, 0.6% in gangrenous appendicitis, and 5% for perforated cases. Therefore much effort has been directed towards early diagnosis and intervention.[3] The diagnosis of appendicitis can be difficult, occasionally taxing the diagnostic skills of even the most experienced surgeons .The classical signs and symptoms of acute appendicitis were first reported by Fitz in 1886.[4] As the incidence of perforation is usually proportional to the duration of the disease process, traditional teaching has encouraged surgeons to operate even if the diagnosis is probable rather than wait until it is certain. The morbidity and mortality rates associated with appendicectomy are greatly increased when perforation ensues.[5] There is three time increase in wound infection rate, fifteen fold increases in intra – abdominal abscess and mortality may be 50 times greater.[3] Appendiceal perforation can also cause tubal infertility.[6] Hence aim of the surgeon must be to operate before perforation occurs, in spite of high rate of negative appendicectomy.

[1]. Gilmore OJ, Browett JP, Griffin PH, Ross IK, Brodribb AJ, Cooke TJ, et al Appendicitis and mimicking conditions. A prospective study. Lancet. 1975 Sep 6; 2 (7932): 421-424
[2]. Chang FC, Hogle HH, Welling DR. The fate of the negative appendix. Am J Surg. 1973; 126(6):752-754.
[3]. Editorial. A sound approach to the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Lancet 1987; 1: 198-200.
[4]. Fitz RH. Perforation inflammation of the vermiform appendix: with special reference to its early diagnosis and treatment. Am J Med Sic 1886; 92:321-346.
[5]. Jess P, Bjerregaard B, Brynitz S, Holst-Christensen J, Kalaja E, Lund-Kristensen J. Acute appendicitis Prospective trial concerning diagnostic accuracy and complications. Am J Surg. 1981; 141 (2): 232-234.

Abstract: BCIS –
 Important cause of intraoperative mortality & morbidity in pts undergoing cemented joint arthroplasty.
 Also seen in post op. period in a milder form causing hypoxia & confusion like CNS changes.
 Bone cement is constituted by mixing a liquid component (containing methyl methacrylate & a activator like N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine) with a powder component (containing PMMA, a initiator like benzoyl peroxide & antibiotics like gentamycin).
 BCIS is ch/by hypoxia, hypotension or both and/or unexpected loss of consciousness occurring around time of cementation, prosthesis insertion, reduction of joint or, occasionally, limb tourniquet deflation in pt undergoing cemented bone surgery.
 Other complications include pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary oedema, bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysarrythmia, cardiac arrest, hypothermia & thrombocytopenia.
 BCIS severity-

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Abstract: Post menopausal bleeding is generally regarded as an ominous and serious alarm of genital pathologies. The term "post menopausal bleeding" generally implies bleeding from the uterus and it is essentially the only bleeding of importance at the postmenopausal age. However in the practical sense the term also includes some instances of bleeding from the vagina, urethra or vulva, in which case a uterine source is held suspect until excluded. Being a symptom of varied etiologies and its strong association with malignancy, it should not be taken lightly. During the present hospital based cross sectional study, we aimed to find out the different histomorphological patterns of the endometrium and cervix, to assess the rate of different benign, premalignant and malignant conditions as a cause of postmenopausal bleeding. 250 specimens were selected. The material for the study was collected from the endometrial curettings, cervical biopsies and hysterectomy specimens sent for histopathological examination. Benign conditions were seen in 206 (82.4%) cases which included atrophic endometrium, proliferative endometrium, secretory endometrium, endometrial polyp, leiomyoma, tuberculous endometritis and simple cystic hyperplasia cases. Premalignant conditions such as hyperplasia with atypia were seen in 18 (7.2%) cases. Endometrial adenocarcinoma, cervical squamous cell carcinoma and Mixed Mullerian tumor [MMT] were the malignant condition seen in 26 (10.4%) cases.

Key Words: Postmenopausal bleeding, histopathology

[1]. Dawood NS, Peter K, Ibrar F, Dawood A. Postmenopausal bleeding: causes and risk of genital tract malignancy. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2010; 22:117-20.
[2]. Carlos RC, Bree RL, Abrahamse PH, Fendrick AM. Cost effectiveness of saline assisted hysterosonography and office hysteroscopy in the evaluation of postmenopausal bleeding. Acad Radiol 2001; 8: 835-44.
[3]. Takkar N, Goel P, Dua D, Mohan H, Huria A, Sehgal A. Spectrum of gynaecological disorders in older Indian women: a hospital-based study. Asian J Gerontol Geriatr 2010; 5: 69–73.
[4]. Tandulwadkar S, Deshmukh P, Lodha P, Agarwal B. Hysteroscopy in postmenopausal bleeding. J Gynec Endosc Surg 2009;1: 89-93.
[5]. Wong SF, Luk KL, Wong AY, Tang LC. Findings in women with postmenopausal bleeding investigated with hysteroscopy. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2001: 21; 392-95

Abstract: The study investigated the effect of Corchorus olitorus extract on platelet aggregation, following oral administration of normal rat feed, 2 ml/kg body weight of normal saline, 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg body weight of the extract to five groups of six rats each for fourteen days. Platelet rich plasma was extracted from the experimental animals and analyzed using a spectrophotometer. The results of the aggregation test show that Corchorus olitorus has the ability to aggregate blood platelets.

Keywords: Aggregation, Corchorus olitorus, Glandzman thrombasthenia, Platelet

[1] L. Makhubu, Biopropecting in an African context. Science, 282, 1998, 41 – 42.
[2] A. Sofowora, the State of Medicinal Plants Research in Nigeria; Proceedings of a Workshop, Ife, Osun state, Nigeria, 1986.
[3] L. G. Holm, J. U. Pancho, J. P. Herberger, and D. L. Plucknett, A geographical atlas of world weeds. (New York, John Wiley and Sons, 1979).
[4] J. U. A. Duke, and K. K. Wain. Medical plants world. National Journal of American Society, 3, 1981, 58-60.
[5] C. Qomen, and S. E. Grudden, "Nutrients in Jute (Corchorus olitorus)". American Society, 4(3), 1978, 345-349

Abstract: The incidence of congenital absence of lower incisors though is statistically low but still is area of concern for orthodontists. Also, chances of losing lower anteriors due to periodontal pathology are high due to its location, which is a concern in adult orthodontics. For the achievement of an ideal occlusion and a good intercuspation, we need to identify the interarch tooth size discrepancy calculated using the individual tooth size. Thereby, in cases with missing lower incisors, considering the tooth size of the missing tooth is questionable. Therefore, we have proposed an innovative mathematical modification of Tonn formula for the prediction of the mesiodistal width of the missing lower anterior tooth. The use of this method in our department is a testimony of its usefulness. Keywords: Missing tooth, Tonn formula, mixed dentition analysis, Prediction, incisors, periodontal pathology

[1]. Adrian Becker. The orthodontic treatment of impacted teeth. 1998, Martin Dunitz Ltd. London.
[2]. William R. Proffit, H. Fields, & D.Sarver. Contemporary Orthodontics: 4th Edition; 2007, Mosby Elsevier Publications.
[3]. T. M. Graber, Robert. L. Vanarsdall, Katherine W.L. Orthodonitcs: Current principles and techniques; 4th Edition, Elsevier Mosby Publications, 2000.
[4]. Wayne A. Bolton. Disharmony in tooth size and its relation to the analysis and treatment of malocclusion. Am. J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop July 1958; 28(3):113-130.
[5]. Marianne Heusdens, Luc Dermaut, Ronald Verbeeck. The effect of tooth size discrepancy on occlusion: An experimental study. Am. J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2000;117:184-91

Abstract: TMJ disorders are a complication in itself. The orthodontic treatment is considered sometimes as a remedy for the TMJ disorders whereas other few times the same is considered as culprit. The common problems encountered in the clinical practice are Class II cases. Therefore the treatment plans for the cases are taken into consideration for the study. The main aim of the study is to determine, does Orthodontic treatment will cause TMD disorder or an remedy for TMD disorders.A Sample of 100 Patients between the age group of 10-22 yrs were taken for the Study, divided into two groups depending on the case and treatment plan. It was observed that during the course of the treatment patients of 1stgroup that is Class II Div2 experience less pain and the severity was reduced this might me due to the forward displacement of mandible when the incisors weretorquedlabially so there was less compression on the retrodiscal tissue and hencethe pain was reduced.In group 2 Patients those subjected to Head gear experienced little pain.Thereby, the study enlightens about the relationship of orthodontics & TMJ disorders.

[1]. Temperomandibular joint and masticatory muscle disorders.GeorgeA.Zarb ,BarrJ. Sessle, Gunnar E.Carlson.
[2]. Fundamentals of occlusion and Temperomandibular disorders – Jeffrey P.OkesonA.Perter, SheldonG.Currntte
[3]. Temperomandibulardisorder,classification,diagnosis and management ,-Weldon E.Bell.
[4]. Clinical management of Temperomandibular disorders and oro-facial .- Richard
[5]. Tempero-Mandibular disorders – Fonesca, 4th Volume
[6]. Adult Orthodontics-DNCA
[7]. Reint M. Reynders Orthodontics and temporomandibular disorders: A review of the literature (1966-1988) AJO 1990; 97: 463-471
[8]. Sadowsky C, BeGole EA. Long-term status of temporomandibular joint function and functional occlusion after orthodontic treatment. AM J ORTHOD 1980; 78:201-12

Abstract: Recently, whole slide imaging technology allows glass slides to be scanned and viewed on a computer screen via dedicated software. This technology is referred as virtual microscopy and has created enormous opportunities in pathological training and education. Students are able to learn key histopathological skills, e.g. to identify areas of diagnostic relevance from an entire slide, via a web-based computer environment. Students no longer need to be in the same room as the slides. The Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) Standard specifies a non-proprietary data interchange protocol, digital image format, and file structure for biomedical images and image-related information. The use of digitized histopathologic specimens (also known as whole-slide images (WSIs)) in clinical medicine requires compatibility with the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) standard. Knowledge of DICOM's benefits and realistic understanding of its limitations enable one to use the Standard effectively as the basis for a long term implementation strategy for image management and communications systems

[1]. Klatt EC. Webpath: the Internet Pathology Laboratory for Medical Education. http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/webpath.html(accessed 1.07.08).
[2]. W. Dean bidgood, Steven C. Horii, Understanding and using dicom, the Data Interchange Standard for Biomedical Imaging. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association Volume 4 Number 3 May / Jun 1997.
[3]. Krippendorf BB, Lough J. Complete and rapid switch from light microscopy to virtual microscopy for teaching medical histology.Anat Rec B New Anat 2005; 285: 19–25.
[4]. Kumar RK, Freeman B, Velan GM, De Permentier PJ. Integrating histology and histopathology teaching in practical classes using virtual slides. Anat Rec B New Anat 2006; 289: 128–33.
[5]. Furness P. A randomized controlled trial of the diagnostic accuracy of internet-based telepathology compared with conventionalmicroscopy. Histopathology 2007; 50: 266–73.

Abstract: The discovery of foreign bodies in the teeth is a special situation, which is often diagnosed accidentally. Sometimescomplications can occur during or after endodontic treatment, which may be due to negligence of the operator. According to a satisfactory obturation of the root canal, the filling material and the endodontic instruments should be limited to the root canal without extending to periapical tissues or neighbouring structures. This case report describes the successful retrieval of a button from the pulp chamber and gutta-percha lying beyond apex of the permanent mandibular first premolar.

Keywords: Foreign Object, Children, Management

[1]. Rakesh K Y, SharadC, PromilaV, AnilC, AseemP K, KulwinderK W. Clinical negligence or endodontic mishaps: A surgeons dilemma. Natl J MaxillofacSurg 2012 Jan-Jun; 3(1): 87-90.
[2]. Silva EJNL, Herrera DR, Lima TF, Zaia AA. A nonsurgical technique for the removal of overextended gutta-percha. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012; 13(2): 219-221
[3]. Dhull KS, Acharya S, Ray P, Dhull RS. Foreign body in root canals of two adjacent deciduous molars: A case report. Int J ClinPediatr Dent 2013; 6(1): 38-39.
[4]. N. Mcauliffe, N. A. Drage, B. Hunter. Staple Diet: A Foreign body in a tooth. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2005;15:468–471.
[5]. Aduri R, Reddy RE, Kiran K. Foreign objects in teeth: Retrieval and management. J Indian SocPedod Prevent Dent Jul-Sept 2009; 3(27): 179-83

Abstract: Zingiber officinale (ZO) has a long history of traditional use. It contains several constituents such as gingerol, gingerdiol, gingerdione, beta-carotene, capsaicin, caffeic acid and curumin. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of consumption of ZO on the heart rate and blood pressure (BP). Subjects for the study comprised of 22 males and 38 females making a total of 60 subjects. The subjects were in 3 groups of 20 each; a Control group (distilled water) and 2 experimental groups (100mg/kg bodyweight and 50mg/kg bodyweight of oral consumption of ZO extract). For each group, three readings were obtained per subject- one before administration, and the other two readings at intervals of 2hrs and 4hrs after consumption of water or ZO. The readings taken comprise of systolic BP, diastolic BP, and the heart rate. Results showed a significant (p<0.05) decrease in all measured parameters 2hrs after ZO administration and a significant (p<0.05) increase in only the systolic BP, 4hrs after ZO administration. It can be concluded that consumption of ZO at doses employed in this study, has a blood pressure lowering effect and this effect is dose-dependent. Keywords: Zingiber officinale, systolic, diastolic, blood pressure, heart rate

[1]. Y.J. Surh, K.K. Park, K.S. Chun, E. Lee, S.S. Lee, Antitumor-promoting activities of selected pungent phenolic substances present in ginger, Journal of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology and Oncology, 18(2), 1999, 131-9
[2]. P. Cared du, Motion sickness in children: results of a double blind study with ginger and dimenhydrinate. Health notes Review, 6, 1996, 102-7
[3]. S.Abimbla, Traditional treatment for hypertension, stroke, asthma, sickle cell and diabetes in the state of medicinal plant research in Nigeria, Modern University Press pp, 1986, 125-133
[4]. T.E. Shelly, D.O. Melnnis, E. Pahio, J. Edu, Aromatherapy in the Mediterranean fruit fly (Diptera Tephritidae): Sterile males exposed to ginger root oil in pre-release storage boxes display increased mating competitiveness in freed-cage trials, Journal of Economic Entomology, 97(3), 2004, 846-53
[5]. H. Kikuzaki, N. Nakatani, Cyclic diarylheptanoids from rhizomes of Zingiber officinal, Phytochemistry, 43, 1996, 273-77

Abstract: Method:650 patients participated in the study , divided into 4 age groups. A structured, interviewer-guided questionnaire was used to identify patient satisfaction with their general dental appearance, cosmetic elements and desired treatments .Their maxillary anterior teeth status was classified into 4 groups: (1) Composite filling group (CFG) (2) Porcelain jacket crown group (PJCG) (3) Fixed partial denture group (FPDG) (4) Removable partial denture group (RPDG). The participants judged appearance and tooth colour using 3-point scale: dissatisfied, moderately dissatisfied and satisfied. Their desired esthetic treatment options were assessed. Results: The overall rating of satisfaction was moderate; almost 39.5% patients were completely satisfied with their dental appearance and tooth colour. A significant difference was observed for both the dental appearance and the tooth colour between different maxillary anterior teeth status groups and between different age groups (p < 0.05) .The majority of individuals with CFG and FPDG were completely satisfied, while those with PJCG and RPDG were dissatisfied with their dental appearance and tooth colour (p < 0.05). 50.9% patients wished to have their teeth whitened. Conclusion: Aesthetic attitudes towards the maxillary anterior teeth appearance and colour differed both between different age groups and different maxillary anterior teeth status groups. Dissatisfaction with tooth color,protruding teeth and unesthetic fillings were common and females were more dissatisfied than males in appearance.Tooth whitening was the most desired treatment to improve the esthetics.

Keywords: Colour, Desired Treatment, Esthetics, Maxillary Anterior Teeth Status, Patient Satisfaction, Restorations.

[1]. Albashaireh ZSM, Alhusein AA, Marashdeh MM. Clinical assessments and patient evaluations of the esthetic quality of maxillary anterior restorations.Int J Prosthodont 2009; 22: 65–71.
[2]. Wolfart S, Quaas AC, Freitag S, Kropp P, Gerber WD, Kern M. Subjective and objective perception of upper incisors. J Oral Rehabil 2006; 33: 489–495.
[3]. Qualtrough A, Burke F: A look at dental esthetics. Quintessence International 1994, 25(1):7-14.
[4]. Duarte S Jr, Schnider P, Lorezon AP. The importance of width/length ratios of maxillary anterior permanent teeth in esthetic rehabilitation. Eur J Esthet Dent 2008; 3: 224–234.
[5]. Desai S, Upadhyay M, Nanda R. Dynamic smile analysis: changes with age. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2009; 136: 310–311.
[6]. Akarslan Z, Sadik B, Erten H, Karabulut E: Dental esthetic satisfaction,received and desired dental treatments for improvement of esthetics.Indian Journal of Dental Research 2009, 20(2):195-200.

Abstract: Pseudallescheria boydii an emerging pathogen of humans is a filamentous fungus frequently isolated from respiratory infections. It is commonly believed that infection by this fungus occurs through inhalation of airborne conidia, but the mechanisms allowing the adherence of Pseudallescheria to the host epithelial cells and its escape from the host immune defences remain largely unknown. This fungus causes a wide array of human infections that can affect practically all the organs of the body. Disseminated and invasive infections with this fungus are seen primarily in immunocompromised hosts. Here, we report a case of unilateral maxillary sinusitis caused by P. boydii in an immunocompetant male. The patient was surgically treated and was followed up with antifungal and is free of symptoms, with no recurrence after 6 months.

Keywords: antifungal, maxillary sinusitis, Pseudallescheria boydii, recurrence.

[1]. Rippon JW. Pseudallescheriasis. In: Wonsiewicz M, ed. Medical Mycology: The Pathogenic Fungi and the Pathogenic Actinomycetes. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders: 1988: 651-3. [2]. Thornton CR. Tracking the Emerging Human Pathogen Pseudallescheria boydii by Using Highly Specific Monoclonal Antibodies. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 2009; 16(5): 756–764. [3]. Ghamrawi S, Rénier G, Saulnier P, Cuenot S, Zykwinska A, Dutilh BE, Thornton C, et al. Cell Wall Modifications during Conidial Maturation of the Human Pathogenic Fungus Pseudallescheria boydii. Plos One 2014; 20; 9(6): e100290.
[4]. Chavan SS, Makannavar JH. Chronic sino-naso-orbital fungal infection due to Pseudallescheria boydii infection in a non-immunocompromised host: A case report. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2001; 44(3): 59-61.

[5]. Gilgado F, Cano J, Gene J, Guarro J. Molecular phylogeny of the Pseudallescheria boydii species complex: proposal of two species. J Clin Microbiol. 2005; 43(10): 4930-42.

Abstract: A female patient of 16 years of age reported with a chief complain of severe pain , swelling and pus discharge with respect to right lower back tooth region since two days,with a previous history of sensitivity to hot and cold. On the basis of case history ,clinical and radiographic findings case was diagnosed as primary endodontic lesion with secondary periodontal involvement,and was decided to treat it first endontically followed by periodontal surgery based on the principles of periodontal regeneration by using synthetic bonegraft and resorbable GTR membrane.At the end of 6months the case showed the positive results with gain in both soft and hard tissue parameters .

Key Words: Perio-endo lesion, Secondary Periodontal Lesion.Ectomesenchymal, GTR

[1]. Simring M, Goldberg M. The pulpal pocket approach:retrograde periodontitis. J Periodontol 1964; 35: 22-48.
[2]. Mandel E, Machtou P, Torabinejad M. Clinical diagnosisand treatment of endodontic and periodontallesions. Quintessence Int 1993; 24(2): 135-9.
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[4]. ZehnderM,GoldSI,HasselgrenG.Pathological interaction in pulpal and periodontal tissues.JClinPeriodontol 2002;29:663-71
[5]. Bakland LK, Andreasen FM, Andreasen JO. Managementof traumatized teeth. In:Walton RE, TorabinejadT, eds. Principles and Practice of Endodontics,3rd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2002. p.445-65

Abstract: Eczema, a common skin disease is similar to Vicharchika as described in Ayurved literature. Twenty-one patients of different types of eczema were treated with 35% ointment of Manjishtha- Rubiacordifolia,Linn.),made in white petroleum jelly for two weeks. The results of this clinical study showed statistically significant improvement (p < 0.5) by Student's 't' test with drop in basal severity index of signs and symptoms from 9.86 + .51 (S.E.) 3.72 + 0.12 (S.E.) after two weeks of topical treatment. Maximum improvement was observed in exudation, secondary infection and itching. Manjishtha ointment with improvised strength and complimented with oral treatment are proposed.

Keywords:- Eczema, Manjishtha Ointment, Rubia cordifolia,

[1]. Michael Lee and Robin Marks, The role of corticosteroids in dermatology, Australian prescriber, volume 21, number 1 , January 1998.
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[4]. Savin, J.A, Topical steroids and bacterial infection, British Journal ofDermatology, (94), Supplement 12,125, 1976
[5]. Charak: Charak Samhita – Chikitsasthan, 7 / 27, , Vidyotini Hindi Commentary edited by Vaidya Kashinath Shashtri and Gorakhanath Chaturvedi,Chaukhamba Orientalia, Varanasi, 1984, 252-253

Abstract: The Aloe vera plant has been known and used for centuries for its medicinal and skin care properties. The name Aloe vera derives from the Arabic word "Alloeh" meaning shining bitter substance, while "vera" in Latin means true. The Greek scientists regarded Aloe vera as the universal panacea. Aloe vera has its uses in various systemic conditions like skin disorders (e.g. psoriasis), bowel disorders, diabetes and in hyper-lipidemic patients. It has also been used in dentistry for its beneficial properties in various conditions like lichen planus, apthous stomatitis, oral submucous fibrosis, pulpotomy of primary teeth, prevention of dry sockets, obturation of primary teeth, disinfection of irrigation units, bleeding and painful gums, disinfection of gutta percha cones, burning mouth syndrome and in radiated head and neck cancer patients. However, future researches should be aimed to determine its best method of preparation, optimal concentration, time of application and effects on the oral cavity.

[1]. Rajeswari R et al, Aloe vera: The Miracle Plant Its Medicinal and Traditional Uses in India, Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry.2012; 1(4) :118-24
[2]. Aloe Vera: History, Science, and Medicinal Uses, www.HealingAloe.com:1-12
[3]. Kareman E S et al, A Self-controlled Single Blinded Clinical Trial to Evaluate Oral Lichen Planus after Topical Treatment with Aloe Vera, Journal of GHR, 2013; 2(4): 503-7
[4]. Gupta K V, Malhotra S, Pharmacological attribute of Aloe vera: Revalidation through experimental and clinical studies, Ayu, 2012; 33(2) :193-6
[5]. Richard LW, Aloe vera gel: Update for dentistry, Pharmacology Today. 2005: 6-9
[6]. Tanwar R et al, Aloe Vera and its uses in Dentistry, Indian J Dent Adv 2011; 3(4): 656-8