iosr-JDMS   Volume-24 ~ Issue-4 ~ April 2025

Abstract: Background: Violence against healthcare workers is a growing global concern, posing significant threats to the safety of medical personnel and disrupting healthcare delivery. The impact of such violence is especially severe in conflict zones and politically unstable regions. However, incidents of aggression are increasingly reported even in civilian healthcare settings, exacerbating challenges related to healthcare delivery and workforce retention. In Africa, including Nigeria, healthcare workers are frequently exposed to violent episodes, underscoring the urgent need for local evidence and context-specific interventions........

Keywords: Healthcare workers, Nigeria, Okada, Perception, Violence, Workplace Safety.

[1] Attacks On Healthcare Worldwide 2024 | Statista. Accessed March 28, 2025. Available From:
Https://Www.Statista.Com/Statistics/1303742/Number-Of-Reported-Attacks-Against-Healthcare-Worldwide/.
[2] Webster PC. The Deadly Effects Of Violence Against Medical Workers In War Zones. Can Med Assoc J. 2011;183(13): 981-982.
[3] Haar RJ, Read R, Fast L. Violence Against Healthcare In Conflict: A Systematic Review Of The Literature And Agenda For Future Research. Confl Health. 2021; 15(1): 37 - 42.
[4] Violence Escalates Against Surgeons And Other Healthcare Workers | ACS. Accessed March 28, 2025. Available From:
Https://Www.Facs.Org/For-Medical-Professionals/News-Publications/News-And-Articles/Bulletin/2024/October-2024-Volume-109-Issue-9/Violence-Escalates-Against-Surgeons-And-Other-Healthcare-Workers/.
[5] Lim MC, Jeffree MS, Saupin SS, Giloi N, Lukman KA. Workplace Violence In Healthcare Settings: The Risk Factors, Implications And Collaborative Preventive Measures. Annals Of Medicine & Surgery. 2022; 78 - 80.

Abstract: Background: Bloodstream infections significantly raise morbidity and death, especially in hospitalized patients. Antimicrobial resistance complicates treatment. The identification of pathogenic organisms and the resistance patterns they display are essential for effective management and prevention in tertiary care settings. Methods: Blood culture samples were collected from hospitalized patients at tertiary care facilities and processed in the Bacteriology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, NIMS&R, Jaipur. Results: The majority of the........

Keywords: BSI, Drug resistance, S. aureus, Antimicrobial resistance pattern, Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria.

[1] Maharath A, Ahmed MS. Bacterial Etiology Of Bloodstream Infections And Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns From A Tertiary Care Hospital In Malé, Maldives. Int J Microbiol. 2021 Oct 18;2021:3088202.
[2] C. Fleischmann, A. Scherag, N. K. J. Adhikari Et Al., "Assessment Of Global Incidence And Mortality Of Hospital-Treated Sepsis. Current Estimates And Limitations," American Journal Of Respiratory And Critical Care Medicine, Vol. 193, No. 3, Pp. 259–272, 2016.
[3] C. Fleischmann-Struzek, D. M. Goldfarb, P. Schlattmann, L. J. Schlapbach, K. Reinhart, And N. Kissoon, "+E Global Burden Of Paediatric And Neonatal Sepsis: A Systematic Review," 3e Lancet Respiratory Medicine, Vol. 6, No. 3, Pp. 223–230, 2018.
[4] Vasudeva N, Nirwan PS, Shrivastava P. Bloodstream Infections And Antimicrobial Sensitivity Patterns In A Tertiary Care Hospital Of India. Ther Adv Infect Dis. 2016 Oct;3(5):119-127.
[5] K. B. Laupland, "Incidence Of Bloodstream Infection: A Review Of Population-Based Studies," Clinical Microbiology And Infection, Vol. 19, No. 6, Pp. 492–500, 2013..

Abstract: Background: Bloodstream infections significantly raise morbidity and death, especially in hospitalized patients. Antimicrobial resistance complicates treatment. The identification of pathogenic organisms and the resistance patterns they display are essential for effective management and prevention in tertiary care settings. Methods: Blood culture samples were collected from hospitalized patients at tertiary care facilities and processed in the Bacteriology Laboratory, Department.......

Keywords: BSI, Drug resistance, S. aureus, Antimicrobial resistance pattern, Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria.

[1] Maharath A, Ahmed MS. Bacterial Etiology Of Bloodstream Infections And Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns From A Tertiary Care Hospital In Malé, Maldives. Int J Microbiol. 2021 Oct 18;2021:3088202.
[2] C. Fleischmann, A. Scherag, N. K. J. Adhikari Et Al., "Assessment Of Global Incidence And Mortality Of Hospital-Treated Sepsis. Current Estimates And Limitations," American Journal Of Respiratory And Critical Care Medicine, Vol. 193, No. 3, Pp. 259–272, 2016.
[3] C. Fleischmann-Struzek, D. M. Goldfarb, P. Schlattmann, L. J. Schlapbach, K. Reinhart, And N. Kissoon, "+E Global Burden Of Paediatric And Neonatal Sepsis: A Systematic Review," 3e Lancet Respiratory Medicine, Vol. 6, No. 3, Pp. 223–230, 2018.
[4] Vasudeva N, Nirwan PS, Shrivastava P. Bloodstream Infections And Antimicrobial Sensitivity Patterns In A Tertiary Care Hospital Of India. Ther Adv Infect Dis. 2016 Oct;3(5):119-127.
[5] K. B. Laupland, "Incidence Of Bloodstream Infection: A Review Of Population-Based Studies," Clinical Microbiology And Infection, Vol. 19, No. 6, Pp. 492–500, 2013..

Abstract: Background. The normal development of the occlusion and craniofacial complex is largely dependent on the normal physiological eruption of teeth. (1) Andreasen and Kurol classified failure of eruption under three clinical conditions: impaction that is the stop of the eruption process due to a physical obstruction radiographically or clinically detectable; primary retention that is a disturbance in the eruption process before the tooth has surfaced in the oral cavity; and secondary retention that is a stop in the eruption process after it has already begun, and the tooth had already penetrated........

Keywords: Orthodontics, periodontics, retained teeth, impacted teeth, retained premolars, retained second molars, delayed tooth eruption, delayed exfoliation, forced eruption, operculectomy

[1] Bjork A, Skieller V. Facial Development And Tooth Eruption. An Implant Study At The Age Of Puberty. Am J Orthod. 1972;62:339–83.
[2] Al-Abdallah M., Alhadidi A., Hammad M., Dar-Odeh N. What Factors Affect The Severity Of Permanent Tooth Impaction? BMC Oral Health. 2018;18:184. Doi: 10.1186/S12903-018-0649-5[3] Andreasen, J.O.; Kurol, J. The Impacted First And Second Molar. In Textbook And Color Atlas Of Tooth Impactions, 1st Ed.; Andreasen, J.O., Petersen, J.K., Laskin, D.M., Eds.; Munksgaard International Publishers: Copenhange, Denmark, 1996.. [PMC Free Article] [Pubmed] [Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[4] Suri L, Gagari E, Vastardis H. Delayed Tooth Eruption: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, And Treatment. A Literature Review. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2004;126:432–45.
[5] Charles C. Alling, Guy A. Catone, Management Of Impacted Teeth, Journal Of Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery, Volume 51, Issue 1, Supplement 1, 1993, Pages 3-6, ISSN 0278-2391, Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/0278-2391(93)90004-W.
(Https://Www.Sciencedirect.Com/Science/Article/Pii/027823919390004W )
[6] Burch J, Ngan P, Hackmar A. Diagnosis And Treatment Planning For Unerupted

Abstract: Background: Despite the well-documented benefits of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), its prevalence in Bangladesh has fluctuated over the years, with rates varying across regions and declining to 47% in 2019.[8] The purpose of this study was to evaluate exclusive breastfeeding practices in the northern regions of Bangladesh, including prevalence, influencing factors, and barriers.......

Keywords: Exclusive Breastfeeding, Prevalence, Barriers

[1] World Health Organization. Global Strategy For Infant And Young Child Feeding: The Optimal Duration Of Exclusive Breastfeeding. Geneva: WHO. 2001 May.
[2] Infant And Young Child Feeding. Who.Int. Available From: Https://Www.Who.Int/News-Room/Fact-Sheets/Detail/Infant-And-Young-Child-Feeding.
[3] Akinyinka MR, Olatona FA, Oluwole EO. Breastfeeding Knowledge And Practices Among Mothers Of Children Under 2 Years Of Age Living In A Military Barrack In Southwest Nigeria. International Journal Of MCH And AIDS. 2016;5(1):1.
[4] New York State Department Of Health. Breastfeeding: Why Breastfeeding Is Important. Available From: Https://Www.Health.Ny.Gov/Prevention/Nutrition/Wic/Breastfeeding/Importance.Htm
[5] Black RE, Victora CG, Walker SP, Bhutta ZA, Christian P, De Onis M, Ezzati M, Grantham-Mcgregor S, Katz J, Martorell R, Uauy R. Maternal And Child Undernutrition And Overweight In Low-Income And Middle-Income Countries. The Lancet. 2013 Aug 3;382(9890):427-51..

Abstract: Leiomyomas are benign tumours that may arise in any anatomical structure containing smooth muscle. (1) Leiomyomas of the uterine round ligament may appear in multiple different anatomical locations at any point along the length of this structure, and are commonly classified as intra‑ or extra‑abdominal (inguinal or labial). Intra‑abdominal leiomyomas of the uterine round ligament typically remain asymptomatic. On pelvic and ultrasound examination, the differential diagnosis of leiomyomas from pedunculated subserosal myomas or solid ovarian neoplasms is difficult........

[1] Kirkham JC, Nero CJ, Tambouret RH And Yoon SS: Leiomyoma And Leiomyosarcoma Arising From The Round Ligament Of The Uterus. J Am Coll Surg 207: 452, 2008.
[2] Breen JL And Neubecker RD: Tumors Of The Round Ligament: A Review Of The Literature And Report Of 25 Cases. Obstet Gynecol 19: 771‑780, 1962.
[3] Michel P And Viola D: Abdomino‑Pelvic Leiomyoma Of The Round Ligament: Contribution Of Computed Tomography And Magnetic Resonance Imaging. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris) 32: 571‑574, 2003 (In French).
[4] Christodoulou IM, Angelopoulos A, Siaperas P, Ioannidis A, Skarpas A, Tellos A, Velimezis G And Karanikas I: Leiomyoma Of The Round Ligament Of The Uterus Mimicking Inguinal Hernia. Case Rep Surg 2018: 6702494, 2018.
[5] Klingbeil KD, Polcari AM, Azab B, Franceschi D. Large, Extra-Abdominal Leiomyoma Of The Round Ligament With Carneous Degeneration. BMJ Case Rep 2017;2017:Bcr 2017-222454

Abstract: Introduction: Malignant pleural effusion is one of the most frequently encountered complications of certain malignancies with a well-documented higher rate of mortality. Pleurodesis is the best palliative treatment option in most of the time. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of povidone iodine as an agent of chemical pleurodesis in comparison to bleomycin in the management of malignant pleural effusion. Methods: This cross-sectional.......

Keywords: Malignant pleural effusion, Pleurodesis, Povidone-iodine, Bleomycin, Outcome.

[1] Skok K, Hladnik G, Grm A, Crnjac A. Malignant Pleural Effusion And Its Current Management: A Review. Medicina. 2019;55(8):490.
[2] Ibrahim IM, Dokhan AL, El-Sessy AA, Eltaweel MF. Povidone-Iodine Pleurodesis Versus Talc Pleurodesis In Preventing Recurrence Of Malignant Pleural Effusion. J Cardiothorac Surg. 2015;10(1):1-6.
[3] Bibby AC, Dorn P, Psallidas I, Porcel JM, Janssen J, Froudarakis M, Et Al. ERS/EACTS Statement On The Management Of Malignant Pleural Effusions. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2019;55(1):116-32.
[4] Saleh ME, Awad G, Sanad M. Chemical Pleurodesis For Malignant Pleural Effusion: Which Agent Is Perfect? Cardiothorac Surg. 2020;28(1):1-7.
[5] Omoregbee BI, Okugbo S. Pleurodesis With Povidone-Iodine In Patients With Malignant Pleural Effusion In A Tertiary Center In Nigeria. Pan Afr Med J. 2021;38

Abstract: Introduction Schatzki–Gary ring is a narrowing of the lower oesophagus that can cause difficulty swallowing (dysphagia). The ring is named after the German-American physician Richard Schatzki. A peptic stricture at the gastroesophageal (GE) junction, also known as the squamocolumnar junction, is a narrowing of the oesophagus caused by chronic acid reflux and resulting scar tissue, often leading to dysphagia. Both these entities can rarely mimic each other and lead to diagnostic dilemma........

Keywords: Schatzki ring, Peptic Stricture, Dysphagia, Endoscopy, Barium swallow

[1] Schatzki Richard, J. E. Gary (December 1953). "Dysphagia Due To A Diaphragm-Like Localized Narrowing In The Lower Oesophagus (Lower Esophageal Ring)". The American Journal Of Roentgenology, Radium Therapy, And Nuclear Medicine. 70 (6): 911–22.
[2] Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul; Aster, Jon (2015). Robbins And Cotran Pathologic Basis Of Disease (Ninth Ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders. P. 753. ISBN 978-1-4557-2613-4.
[3] Plummer Vinson Syndrome. Parveen Malhotra, Naveen Malhotra, S. Jakhar. The Journal Of The Association Of Physicians Of India 2007 55:785
[4] ASGE Standards Of Practice Committee. Pasha SF, Acosta RD, Chandrasekhara V, Chathadi KV, Decker GA, Early DS, Evans JA, Fanelli RD, Fisher DA, Foley KQ, Fonkalsrud L, Hwang JH, Jue TL, Khashab MA, Lightdale JR, Muthusamy VR, Sharaf R, Saltzman JR, Shergill AK, Cash B. The Role Of Endoscopy In The Evaluation And Management Of Dysphagia. Gastrointest Endosc. 2014 Feb;79(2):191-201.

Abstract: Purpose : The objective of the study is to describe a case of lens ectopia in children associated with Marfan syndrome. Introduction : Marfan syndrome accounts for 40% of congenital ectopies of the lens. It is transmitted in an autosomal dominant mode, as a result in mutation of a fibrillin-1 (FBN 1). In its complete form, it combines morphological, cardiovascular and ocular signs......

Keywords: Lens ectopia-lens dislocation-Marfan syndrome

[1] Dieckmann C., Von Kodolitsch Y., Rybczynski M., Adam G. Marfan Syndrome: Pathogenesis, Phenotypes And Diagnostic Value Of Various Imaging Techniques. Rofo 2003;175:1482-9.
[2] Vyskocil V., Varvarovska J., Koudela K. Marfan's Syndrome-- Application Of Revised Criteria And Differential Diagnosis In Clinical Practice. Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech 2004;71:157-64
[3] Ades LC, Holman KJ, Brett MS, Edwards MJ, Bennetts B. Ectopia Lentis Phenotypes And The FBN1 Gene. Am J Med Genet 2004;126A: 284-9
[4] Comeglio P., Evans AL., Brice G., Cooling RJ., Child AH. Identification Of FBN1 Gene Mutations In Patients With Ectopia Lentis And Marfanoid Habitus. Br J Ophthalmol 2002;86:1359-6.
[5] Wakita M., Ryu E., Nakayasu K., And Al. Statistical Analysis Of Marfan's Syndrome. Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi 1989; 93: 682–690, Https:// Europepmc.Org/Article/Med/2816576 (Accessed 6 December 2020)..

Abstract: A burn is an injury to the skin or other organic tissue primarily caused by heat or due to radiation, radioactivity, electricity, friction or contact with chemicals. First-degree burns, characterized by superficial damage to the outer layer of skin, present a common yet painful condition typically managed through conventional approaches. However, homeopathy offers a complementary and individualized approach to addressing such burns, focusing on symptom relief, accelerating healing processes, and minimizing potential complications such as infection........

Keywords: scalds, thermal, Case Taking, Homoeopathic Medicine

[1] Https://Www.Who.Int/News-Room/Fact-Sheets/Detail/Burns#:~:Text=A%20burn%20is%20an%20injury,Hot%20liquids%20(Scalds) 21.36 PM
[2] Https://Www.Urmc.Rochester.Edu/Encyclopedia/Content.Aspx?Contenttypeid=90&Contentid=P09575 22.00 PM
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[5] WILLIAM BOERICKE,NEW MANUAL OF HOMOEOPATHIC MATERIA MEDICA &REPERTORY,B.JAIN PUBLISHERS (P)LTD,NEW DELHI,AUGMENTED EDITION,Pages1137..

Abstract: Background : Heat-polymerized acrylic resin denture bases possess biological properties that can serve as a medium for Candida albicans, as well as mechanical properties such as impact strength. Denture disinfection can be performed using herbal disinfectants, such as castor (Ricinus communis) leaf extract. Alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, tannins, and phenolics in castor may reduce the impact strength of the denture base. Materials and Methods The study........

Keywords: Denture base; Heat polymerized acrylic resin, inhibition zone, impact strength, castor leaf extract

[1] Kemenkes Ri. Laporan Nasional Ski 2023. Jakarta, 2024: 347
[2] Nugrahini S. Perubahan Warna Pada Plat Gigi Tiruan Resin Akrilik Polimerisasi Panas Setelah Perendaman Dalam Larutan Desinfektan. Sonde. 2020;5(1):24.
[3] Pertiwi S. Klasifikasi Resin Akrilik Untuk Gigi Tiruan. J Dent Hal. 2023;1(3):81.
[4] Rahayu I, Fadriyanti O, Edrizal. Efektivitas Pembersih Gigi Tiruan Dengan Rebusan Daun Sirih 25% Dan 50% Terhadap Pertumbuhan Candida Albicans Pada Lempeng Resin Akrilik Polimerisasi Panas. J B-Dent. 2014;1(2): 143.
[5] Safitri Ns, Saputera D, Hatta I. The Effect Of 25% Bay Leaf Extract And 75% Small White Ginger Extract Immersion In The Color Change Of Acrylic Base. Dentino J. 2019; 4(2):173..

Abstract: Caries represents a destructive process that leads to progressive demineralization of the inorganic part of the tooth, followed by enzymatic disintegration of the organic component of dental tissues. Having in mind that carious activity can be stopped if we stop the demineralization process, it is clear that the objectives of carious treatment are directed toward eliminating the etiological factors and stimulating the regeneration of dental tissues Considering that preserving the vitality of pulp tissue is beneficial for the patient and challenging for the dentist, the therapist's attention......

Keywords: Caries, Biodentine, MTA, histopathological analyses, direct pulp covering

[1] Brita Willershausen, DCC, Phd/ Ines Willershausen, DCC/ Armin Ross, DDS/ Sonja Velikonja, DDS/ Adrijan Kasaj, DDS, Phd/ Maria Blettner, DDS, Phd Retrospective Study On Direct Pulp Capping With Calcium Hydroxide. Quintessence Int 2011;42:165-171
[2] Mjör IA (1985). Biological And Clinical Properties. In: Dental Materials, Biological Properties And Clinical Evaluation. Mjör IA, Editor. Boca Raton: CRC Press, Pp. 91-121.
[3] Sato Y, Fusayama T. Removal Of Dentin Guided By Fuchsin Staining. J Dent Res 1976:55(4):678-683.
[4] Olsson H, Petersson K, Rohlin M. Formation Of A Hard Tissue Barrier After Pulp Capping In Humans: A Systematic Review. Int Endod J 2006;39(6);429-442.
[5]berg M, Pradelle-Plasse N, Tran XV, Colon P, Laurent P, Aubut V, About I, Boukpessi T, Septier D. Biocompatibility Or Cytotoxic Effects Of Dental Composites- Chapter VI Emerging Trends In (Bio)Material Research. Working Group Of ORE- FDI- 2009.

Abstract: Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP) exhibits variable severity, from mild self-limiting illness to life-threatening complications. Early identification of severe cases is vital. Hematologic markers like neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and red cell distribution width (RDW) offer promising prognostic potential......

Keywords: Acute pancreatitis, Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, Red cell distribution width, Prognosis, Inflammation, Mortality predictors

[1] Suppiah A, Malde D, Arab T, Hamed M, Allgar V, Smith AM, Et Al. The Prognostic Value Of The Neutrophil–Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) In Acute Pancreatitis: Identification Of An Optimal NLR. J Gastrointest Surg. 2013;17(4):675–81.
[2] Azab B, Zaher M, Weiserbs KF, Torbey E, Lacossiere K, Gaddam S, Et Al. Usefulness Of Neutrophil To Lymphocyte Ratio In Predicting Short- And Long-Term Mortality After Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Am J Cardiol. 2010;106(4):470–6.
[3] Wang Y, Liu S, Liu H, Li W, Lin Y. Neutrophil-To-Lymphocyte Ratio Is Associated With The Severity And Mortality Of Acute Pancreatitis: A Meta-Analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019;98(20):E15720.
[4] Zhang J, Jiang Y, Zhu W, Zhou D, Li Y. Red Blood Cell Distribution Width Is Associated With Severity Of Acute Pancreatitis: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis. J Clin Lab Anal. 2020;34(8):E23373.
[5] Yilmaz H, Cakmak M, Inan I, Darcin T. Can Red Cell Distribution Width Be Used As A Marker Of Mortality In Acute Pancreatitis? A Retrospective Analysis. Turk J Gastroenterol. 2018;29(3):294–8..