iosr-JEEE   Volume-10 ~ Issue-4 ~ July-August 2015

Abstract: Industrial loads are mostly inductive and hence operate at low power factor. Several methods including the installation of capacitor banks are available for improving power factor in order to reduce the kilovolt ampere (kVA) demand of the load and power loss from the power supply system. However, literatures have shown that improvement of power factor has effect on switching transients which is dangerous for industrial loads and operating personnel. In this work, we investigated the effect of improving the power factor of a power system beyond 0.8 (lagging) on switching transient levels using FUMMAN industry power network as a case study. A power factor measuring tool was modelled using the mathematical relation between power factor, reactive power and active power.

[1]. D.B. Mupparty, D.B., Capacitor switching transient modelling and analysis on an electrical utility distribution system using SIMULINK software, Master's Thesis, University of Kentucky, Paper 82 available at http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/82, 2011
[2]. Grebe, T.E. and E.W. Gunther, Application of the EMTP for analysis of utility capacitor switching mitigation techniques, 8th International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power, 1, 1998, 583 – 589.
[3]. L. Sluis, Transients in power systems (U.K.: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2001).
[4]. J.C. Das, Analysis and control of large-shunt-capacitor-bank switching transients, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 41, 2005, 1444 – 1454.
[5]. A.A. Osama and K. Ahmad, Impact of power factor correction on the electrical distribution network of Kuwait – A case study, The Online Journal on Power and Energy Engineering, 2 (1), 2011, 173 – 176.

Abstract: A comparative study of monotonic and non monotonic phase LTI systems using analytical design of PID controller, by means of gain cross over frequency and phase margin specifications, is presented in the paper. The proposed methodology ensures minimum phase margin inside desired bandwidth giving accurate performance to step response for closed loop system. Concept of phase margin needs to be redefined when uncontrolled process presents minimum phase inside bandwidth. For comparative study, bode stability criterion, nyquist stability criterion and unit step response is used.

Keywords: Improved analytical controller , linear system compensation, monotonic and non-monotonic phase LTI system.

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Abstract:This paper presents the sliding mode controller design to regulate the speed control of the direct-current(DC)
motor. In this, The sliding surfaces used to derive the different control schemes presented in this work are based on an integraldifferential equation acting on the tracking-error expression. A new approach for the design of sliding mode controllers based
on first-order-plus-dead time model of the system, is developed. This approach results in a fixed structure controller with a set of
tuning equations as a function of the characteristic parameters of the model. The controller performance is judged by simulation
on model of the DC motor

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Abstract: The nonlinearity and time varying characteristics of a servo Motor (SM) make it very difficult to be controlled. Althoughproportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller are widely used in this field but the complex mathematical model of ( SM ) makes the design procedure of any PID controller very tedious ,in which the time varying behavior of ( SM ) reduces the accuracy of any PID controller used. The use of Fuzzy Logic Controllers (FLC) in such control problem is widely used too, since Fuzzy Logic does not need any mathematical model and only uses linguistic rules that are based on human expert.

[1] Ahmed R., Abdul R. Ofoli and Donatus C. "DSP-Based Real-Time Implementation of a Hybrid H∞ Adaptive Fuzzy Tracking Controller for Servo-Motor Drives" IEEE Transactions On Industry Applications, VOL. 43, NO. 2, march/april,2007.
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[5] Dongmei Yu, Qing Hu and Fei Zhao'' Synchronous Motion Control of Biaxial Driving System with Linear Servo Motors", Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Automation and Logistics Shenyang, China,2009.
[6] Feng G "A Survey on analysis and design of model-based fuzzy control systems," IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst., vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 676–697, Oct.., 2006

Abstract: Sinusoidal Permanent Magnet synchronous motors have become more popular for new drives. Advantages of PMSMs includes high torque to inertia ratio, high efficiency and high power density. For the PMSMs it is necessary to estimate the rotor position and speed as well. A good error filtering, low angle error and dynamic performance can be obtained with feedback observers. The sliding mode observer (SMO) is one of the observers with a system model suitable for PM synchronous motors. The study deals with the analysis based on simulation of PMSM with space vector pulse width modulation in MATLAB environment. In this paper sensorless estimation of speed and position using SMO with tan hyperbolic function achieved. The result is compared with SMO using sigmoidal function.

[1]. H. Liu and S. Li,"Speed control for PMSM servo system using predictive functional control and extended state observer" IEEE Trans. Ind.Electron., vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 1171 - 1183, Feb. 2012.
[2]. B. Alecsa, M. N. Cirstea, and A. Onea, "Simulink modeling and design of an efficient hardware-constrained FPGA-based PMSM speed controller" IEEE Trans. Ind. Informat.vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 554-562, Aug. 2012
[3]. P. Tomei and C. M. Verrelli, "Observer-based speed tracking control for sensorless permanent magnet synchronous motors with unknown load torque," IEEE Trans. Autom. Control, , vol. 56, no. 6, pp. 1484-1488, Jun. 2011.
[4]. T. Orlowska-Kowalska and M. Dybkowski, "Stator-current-based MRAS estimator for a wide range speed-sensorless induction-motor drive" IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.,vol. 57, no. 4, pp. 1296-1308, Apr. 2010
[5]. V. Smidl and Z. Peroutka, "Reduced-order square-root EKF for sensorless control of PMSM drives," Proc. IEEE Ind. Electron. Soc. Annu. Conf., Nov. 2011, pp. 2000-2005

Abstract: This paper presents a review regarding the techniques used for estimation of position and speed of sensorless permanent magnet synchronous motor drives .Permanent-magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) are widely used in industrial applications due to their distinctive advantages, such as high efficiency, high power density, and wide constant power region. Most of the times, accurate rotor position information is measured by rotary encoders or resolvers to achieve high-performance field oriented control. However, the use of these sensors increases the cost, size, weight, and wiring complexity and reduces the mechanical robustness and the reliability of the overall PMSM drive systems.

[1]. K. -W. Lee and J. -I. Ha, "Evaluation of back-EMF estimators for sensorless control of permanent magnet synchronous motors," Journal of Power Electronics, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 1-11, July 2012.
[2]. Y. Zhao, C. Wei, Z. Zhang, and W. Qiao, "A Review on position/speed sensorless control for permanent-magnet synchronous machine-based wind energy conversion systems," IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, vol. 1, no. 4, pp.203-216, Dec. 2013.
[3]. Y. Li and H. Zhu, "Sensorless control of permanent magnet synchronous motor−A survey," in Proc. 2008 Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, Sept. 2008, pp. 1-8.
[4]. K. Iizuka, H. Uzuhashi, M. Kano, T. Endo, and K. Mohri, "Microcomputer control for sensorless brushless motor," IEEE Trans. Industry Applications, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 595– 601, July/Aug. 1985.
[5]. S. Ogasawara and H. Akagi, "An approach to position sensorless drive for brushless DC motors," IEEE Trans. Industry Applications, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 928–933, Sept./Oct. 1991.

Abstract: Energy is essential component for improving the living condition of the civilization. One of the major concerns in the power sector is that day to day increasing power demand has forced to use the fossil fuels in extreme causing the increasing serious environmental problems thus it is essential to use renewable energies which are characterized by their negligible pollution level and environmental friendly. Solar photovoltaic is a phenomenon where the solar irradiance is converted directly into electricity through solar cell. The photovoltaic energy as an alternative energy source has been widely used as it is pollution free, abundant and broadly available. An important consideration in the use of PV system is to operate the system near maximum power point so as to increase the output efficiency of PV panel.

[1] Dunia, James, and Bakari MM Mwinyiwiwa. "Performance Comparison between ĆUK and SEPIC Converters for Maximum Power Point Tracking Using Incremental Conductance Technique in Solar Power Applications." world academy of science, engineering and technology International Journal of Electrical, Computer, Electronics and Communication Engineering Vol:7 No:12, 2013 [2] Nasrudin Abd Rahim, Hew Wooi Ping and Jeyraj Selvaraj. "Photovoltaic Module Modeling using Simulink/Matlab." Procedia Environmental Sciences 17 (2013): 537-546. [3] Habbati Bellia, Ramdani Youcef and Moulay Fatima. "A detailed modeling of photovoltaic module using MATLAB." NRIAG Journal of Astronomy and Geophysics vol. 3, no. 1, 2014, pp.53-61.
[4] Hunan-Liang Tsai, Ci-Siang Tu and Yi-Jie Su, Member, IAENG "Development of Generalized Photovoltaic Model Using MATLAB/SIMULINK" Proceedings of the world congress on Engineering and Computer Science, October 22-24, 2008, San Francisco, USA.

Abstract: The photovoltaic solar energy is a theme at center of the topicality since the world conscience hold of the warming of planet by the greenhouse effect and of the rarefaction of the primary resources(Oil, gas…).For solve theseproblems environmental and of energy, the development of the photovoltaic solar energy becomes primordial.The PV system is the device which allows exploiting this inexhaustible energy source. Currently we distinguish several types of which the one met usually in the isolated sites is the autonomous PV system.

[1]. M.A. Delucchi, M. Z. Jacobson," Providing all global energy with wind, water, and solar power, Part II: Reliability, system and transmission costs, and policies", Energy Policy 39 (2011) 1170–1190 , University of California and Stanford University, USA, 2011.
[2]. A. F. Sherwani J.A. Usmani, Varun, Siddhartha," Life cycle assessment of 50 kWp grid connected solar photovoltaic (SPV) system in India ", International Journal of Energy and Environment, Volume 2, Delhi technological University, India, 2011.
[3]. R. Battisti, A. Corrado," Evaluation of technical improvements of photovoltaic systems through life cycle assessment methodology ", Energy 30 (2005) 952–967, University of Roma,Italy, 2005.
[4]. S. Jalilzadeh, H. Kord , A. Rohani," Optimization and Techno-Economic Analysis of Autonomous Photovoltaic/ Fuel Cell Energy System ", Ecti Transactions on Electrical ENG. , Electronics, And communication Vol.8, NO.1 February 2010.
[5]. M. Haddadi-Koussa, D. Saheb,"Modélisation d'un générateur photovoltaïque dans l'environnement « Matlab »", 4th International Conference on Computer Integrated Manufacturing CIP'2007, 03-04 Novembre, Alger, Algérie, 2007.

Abstract: This research findings mainly focus on choosing a suitable power converter as a Photovoltaic (PV) interface. The standalone PV power systems mainly rely on the converter topology which basically supports Maximum Power point Tracking (MPPT) ability for extracting required power output in order to meet the load demand. Comparing both the buck and boost converter circuits which belong to the non-isolated converter family, is of primary focus of this paper to enhance the power harvesting capability of PV systems. Simulation results are shown to illustrate the purpose of using the boost converter by representing its output voltage tracking along with power output.

[1] W. Xiao, N. Ozog, and W. G. Dunford, "Topology study of photovoltaic interface for maximum power point tracking," IEEE
Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 1696–1704, June 2007.
[2] Shridhar Sholapur, K.R. Mohan, T.R. Narasimhegowda, "Boost Converter Topology for PV System with Perturb and Observe
MPPT Algorithm", IOSR journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE) Vol-9, issue 4, 2014.
[3] V. V. R. Scarpa, G. Spiazzi, and S. Buso, "Low complexity MPPT technique exploiting the PV module MPP locus
characterization," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 56, no. 5, pp. 1531–1538, May 2009.
[4] G. Petrone, G. Spagnuolo, and M. Vitelli, ―An analog technique for distributed MPPT PV applications, IEEE Transactions on
Industrial Electronics, vol. 59, no. 12, pp. 4713–4722, Dec. 2012.
[5] B. Kailash Krishna Prasad, "Analysis and Design of Distributed MPPT System Suitable for Non-Uniform Solar Irradiation",
International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 22, Number 9-April 2015.

Abstract: This study proposed new method of improving voltage profile utilizing addition of inversed reduced Jacobian matrix elements vertically with the aim of determining location of reactive power compensation installation.This method is tested using actual network in Indonesia. In this analysis, enhancement of power system stability includes of voltage improvement and increase in stability index. By using this proposed method several buses appear as an ideal place for installation of capacitors. The results are also compared to different configuration to validate and demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.

[1] A. Arief, "Under Voltage Load Shedding Using Trajectory Sensitivity Analysis Considering Dynamic Loads," Universal Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 118 - 123, DOI: 10.13189/ujeee.2014.020304, 2014.
[2] A. Arief, et al., "Under voltage load shedding in power systems with wind turbine-driven doubly fed induction generators," Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 96, pp. 91-100, DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2012.10.013, 2013.
[3] Z. Y. Dong and P. Zhang, Emerging Techniques in Power System Analysis: Springer, 2009.
[4] A. Arief, et al., "Under voltage load shedding incorporating bus participation factor," in 2010 Conference Proceedings IPEC, 2010, pp. 561-566.

Abstract: A 1-phase 4-pole starting capacitor induction motor which is used as an activator of the table drilling machine has a more complicated construction because it has a centrifugal switch which is connected in series with the capacitor for its initial start and a high current, power and rotational speed of the stator field. While a 3-phase 6-pole induction motor has a much simpler construction because it does not require a centrifugal switch and a capacitor for its initial start with a low current, power and rotational speed of the stator field.

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[4]. Mehmet Akbaba, Energy conservation by using energy efficient electric motors, Elsevier Journal Applied Energy, Volume 64, Issues 1–4, 1 September 1999, 149-158.
[5]. V.P. Sakthivel, S. Subramanian, On-site efficiency evaluation of three-phase induction motor based on particle swarm optimization, Elsevier Journal Applied Energy, Volume 36, Issue 3, March 2011, 1713-1720.

Abstract: The main objectives of Load Frequency Control (LFC) are to hold the frequency constant ( Δf = 0) against any load change, each area must contribute to absorb any load change such that frequency does not deviate, each area must maintain the tie-line power flow to its pre-specified value. In LFC there are two major loops. Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) and Automatic Load Frequency Control (ALFC) Loops. AVR Loop controls the magnitude of the terminal voltage V. The ALFC Loop regulates the megawatt output and frequency (speed) of Generator via the speed governor and the control valves that the steam flow is regulated to match the megawatt output.

[1]. Masahide Hojo, Kazuya Ohnishi, Tokuo Ohnishi, The University of Tokushima, and Tokushima, Japan "Analysis of Load Frequency Control Dynamics Based On Multiple Synchronized Phasor Measurements‟15th PSCC, 22-26 August 2005.
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Abstract: This paper describes the power quality problems like voltage sag, voltage swell and total harmonic distortion in the distribution network and its severe impact on non-linear load. DVR is one custom power device which can help in mitigating theses power quality problems. DVR becomes a very popular device as it can be used for both low and high voltage devices. In this paper, modeling and simulation of DVR for welding power load, its functions, configurations, components and various control strategies are presented. It first analyzes the power circuit of a DVR system in order to come up with appropriate control limitations and control targets for the compensation voltage control.

[1]. Rosli Omar, Nasrudin Abd Rahim and Marizan Sulaiman, "Modeling and Simulation FOR Voltage Sags/Swells Mitigation Using Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR)", Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, pp. 464-470, 2009.
[2]. Anmol and Parag Nijhawan, "Application of Dynamic Voltage Restorer for Voltage Balancing with ASD Load Using DQO Transformation", International Journal of Electrical Engineering, vol. 4, no. 8, pp. 890-898, 2011.
[3]. S. H. Laskar and Mohibullah, "Power Quality Issues and Need of Intelligent PQ Monitoring in the Smart Grid Environment", International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, vol. 2, no. 9, pp. 63-69, 2012.
[4]. K. Chandrasekaran, P.A. Venkatachalam and Mohd Noh Karsiti, "Dynamic Voltage Restorer As A Sag Mitigator And Harmonic Restorer", IEEE International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technologies, pp 904-909, 2008.
[5]. Ramanpreet Kaur and Parag Nijhawan, "Simulation And Comparison Of Control Strategies Of DVR For Compensating Volatge Sags", International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 1993-2000, June 2013.