iosr-JEEE   Volume-11 ~ Issue-6 ~ Nov-Dec 2016

Abstract: This paper presents a three-phase Active Power Conditioner to improve power quality in micro grids based on renewable energy. A micro grid is a weak electrical grid which can be easily subject to disturbances. The Active Power Conditioner (APC) presented in this paper acts as an interface between renewable energy sources and the AC bus of a micro grid and uses an improved control strategy, which makes possible to inject energy in the micro grid, compensate the current harmonics and correct the power factor.......
Key Words: Active Power Conditioner, Micro grids, Renewable Energy, Current control

[1]. H. Ibrahim, A. Ilinca and J. Perron, "Energy Storage Systems – Characteristics and Comparisons," Elsevier Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 12, pp. 1221-1250, 2008.
[2]. M. Abdusalama, P. Poureb, S. Karimia and S. Saadatea "New digital reference current generation for shunt active power filter under distorted voltage conditions," Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 79, pp 759- 765, May 2009.
[3]. M.Montero, E.R. Cadaval, F. Gonzalez, "Comparison of control strategies for shunt active power filters in three-phase four-wire systems", IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 22, pp. 229– 236, January 2007.
[4]. B. Singh, K. Al-Haddad, A. Chandra "A Review of Active Filters for Power Quality Improvement" IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 46, pp. 960-971, October 1999.
[5]. J. Chen, F. Liu , S. Mei, "Nonlinear disturbance attenuation control for four-leg active power filter based on voltage source inverter," Journal of Control Theory and Applications vol. 3 pp. 261–266, August 2006

Abstract: In this paper an experimental prototype pulse width modulated (PWM) sliding mode controller (SMC)was applied to a DC/ DC buck-boost (BB) converter. The implementationprocedure is given in detail. Both the static and dynamic performances of the experimental system are tested in the Lab.Agood voltage regulation is obtained and the control scheme seems to be suitable for the DC/DC conversion applications.The behavior of the converter was also shown experimentally when it was operated without the mentioned controller; just to distinguish the effect of the controller. The main drawback of the prototype is the process of sensing the capacitor current which hasa quite high frequency and small value
Key Words: PWM, Buck-boost DC/DC converter, SMC

[1] S. C. Tan, Y. M. Lai, C. K. Tse, "Sliding Mode Control of Switching Power Converters Techniques and Implementation".
[2] S. C. Tan, Y. M. Lai, C. K. Tse, "Implementation of Pulse-width-Modulation Based Sliding Mode Controller for Boost
Converters," IEEE Power Electronics Letters, Vol. 3, No. 4, December 2006.
[3] S. C. Tan, Y. M. Lai, M. K. H. Cheung, C. K. Tse, "A Pulse-Width-Modulation Based Sliding Mode Controller for Buck
Converters" 2004 35th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialist Conference.
[4] Y. M. Lai, M. S.C. Tan,, and C. K. Wu, "Design of a PWM Based Sliding Mode Controlled Buck-Boost Converter in Continuous-
Conduction-Mode," ECTI Transactions on Electrical Eng., Electronics, and Communications Vol.5, No.1 February 2007.
[5] P Singh, S Purwar "Sliding Mode Controller for PWM based Buck-Boost DC/DC Converter as State Space Averaging Method in
Continuous Conduction Mode", 2012 2nd International Conference on Power, Control and Embedded Systems.

Abstract: The frequency response of a system is the major way of characterizing how a system behaves in the frequency domain. It is important to understand the frequency characteristics of a given system rather than frequency domain characteristics alone for many practical applications like filter design. In present work a modeling and simulation process of the first order system frequency response control model is implemented on the LabVIEW platform for the Resistor-Capacitor (filter) network.
Key Words: First order system, Resistor-Capacitor network, Frequency Response, LabVIEW

[1]. R.Matouk, Isvare," Simple method for stability analysis of Non linear control systems", WCECS, Vol –II, 2009.
[2]. NI tutorial "LabVIEW control design user manual".
[3]. Nagoor Kani "Control systems".
[4]. Joel L. Schiff "The Laplace Transform: Theory and Applications".
[5]. Benjaman C. Kuo "Automatic control systems"..

Abstract: The origin of the power industry, electric networks has become today the focal point of various technological innovations. The development of smart grids in our country and throughout the world has been making progress with rapid steps through the merger of currently operational grids with brand new technologies in many aspects. In the foundation of this transition lies the purpose of benefiting even more efficiently from the previously established infrastructure of the currently operational grids. With the integration of smart grids scattered between distinguished lands...........
Key Words: Smart grid; power systems; smart meter; distribution networks

[1] M. Amin, ―National infrastructures as complex interactive networks,‖ in Automation, Control, and Complexity: An Integrated Approach, T. Samad and J. Weyrauch, Eds. New York:Wiley, 2000, ch. 14. pp. 263–286.
[2] A. Ipakchi and F. Albuyeh, ―Grid of the future,‖ IEEE Power Energy Mag., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 52–62, Mar.–Apr. 2009.Recovery Act—Smart Grid Investment Grant Program, ElectricityDelivery and Energy Reliability, Research, Development andAnalysis, U.S. Department of Energy, Funding Opportunity No.DE-FOA-0000058, CFDA#81.122.
[3] A. Ipakchi and F. Albuyeh, IEEE Power Energy Mag., vol. 7, no. 2, Mar./Apr. 2009, Grid of the Future.

Abstract: This paper presents the measurement, control and monitoring of DC voltage and frequency of a Trivector meter, since the exact measurement of DC voltage and frequency is required for the accurate calculation of power consumption of a load. The program written in C is embedded to the PIC Microcontroller which will have a complete function of the hardware parts which are used, here the C compiler i.e., Hi-tech PIC C and MPLAB will be inter linked, since MPLAB controls the hardware part. The 8 input lines of voltage are given to the microcontroller and give one output...........
Key Words:Trivector meter; PIC-Microcontroller;MPLAB; Hi-tech C compiler;Relay

[1.] IEEE paper "Microcontroller-Based Distribution Relay Applications" by Karl Zimmerman published on March 25–28, 1996.
[2.] "Embedded system programming with the PIC16F877" by Timothy D. Green
[3.] "An introduction to programming the Microchip PIC in C" by Nigel Gardner.
[4.] IEEE Paper "Design and development of PIC microcontroller based vehicle monitoring system using Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol" By T. P. Presi, published in 21st Feb 2013.
[5.] IEEE Paper "Multi Security System Using GSM and PIC 16F877A" By Rahul Antony, Reema Mathew A, Published in March 2015.

Abstract: In this article the structural, electrical, dielectric and optical properties of a new semiconductor material (fluorescein dye) have been investigated. Measurements showed that fluorescein dye activation optical band gap value is less than half that of intrinsic semiconductors. The DC-, AC-conductivities, dielectric permittivity (ε') and dielectric loss (ε'') of fluorescein dye have been measured in the temperature range 330-423 K and in the frequency range 50 Hz - 1MHz. Conductivity studies were conducted under the influence of a DC and AC electric fields. The DC electrical conductivity of fluorescein dye exhibited almost a similar behavior to that of organic semiconductors. The mechanism of the AC conductivity of fluorescein dye is controlled by the correlated barrier hopping model, as confirmed by an observed reduction in activation energy. Also, the lattice parameters were calculated from the XRD results...........
Key Words: New Organic Semiconductor Materials, Structural, Electrical, Dielectric Properties.

[1]. U B RACKMANN (Lambda Physic 2000), 3rd edition.
[2]. R Shirley The Lattice Press, Guildford Surrey GU2 7NL, England, (2000).
[3]. A A M Farag and I S Yahia Synthetic Metals 161 32–39 (2011).
[4]. I S Yahia M S Abd El-sadek, F Yakuphanoglu Dyes and Pigments 93 1434-1440 ( 2012).
[5]. J Laugier, B Bochu ENSP/Laboratoire des Matèriaux et du
Gènie Physique Saint-Martind'Hères, France, vol.46, pp.38042, (2000).

Abstract: Brushless DC motors are widely used in variable speed drive application. The torque produced by the Brushless DC (BLDC) motors with trapezoidal back Electromotive force (BEMF) is constant under ideal condition. However in practice the torque ripple appears on the delivered output torque. Smoothness of variable speed drive operation is critical due to this torque ripple. The brushless DC motors uses power electronic switches for the commutation purpose, it creates the Harmonics in armature current. The brushless dc motor will have many reasons for having ripples in output torque...........
Key Words: Brush less dc motor, dc link, hysteresis current controller,sensored bldc motor.

[1]. V.Vijaya Kumar V.Udayakumar, J.M uruganandham. "Speed Control of BLDC Motor for Four Quadrant Operation without loss of power."
[2]. Ahmad Faiz Noor Azam, AuzaniJidin, Nor AzaziNgatiman, M.H Jopri, Mustafa Manap,AdelineLukarHerlino "Current Control of BLDC Drives for EV Applications."
[3]. Modeling and Simulation of Torque Hysteresis Controller for Brushless DC Motor Drives Norhazilina Binti Bahari, Auzani bin Jidin, Abdul Rahim bin Abdullah, MdNazri bin Othman, Mustafa bin Manap.
[4]. High Response and Variable Speed Operated BLDC Drive with Current Control Technique by Kiran Kumar Vadlamudi, BhanuPrakashAdangi.
[5]. Mathematical modeling and Simulation of Brushless DC motor with Ideal Back EMF for a Precision speed control by Santanu Mondal, ArunabhaMitra, MadhurimaChattopadhyay

Abstract: Integrating wind power with any other energy source in power system has many operational and scheduling complications because of its inconsistent nature in the process of wind forecasting. In this paper, a new meta-heuristic optimization method named Grey Wolf Optimization algorithm is involved for solving the problem of generation scheduling (GS) to obtain best possible solution in power systems taking into account the load balance, reserve requirement, wind power availability constraints, inequality and equality constraints. The proposed GWO method is applied to a test system involves 26 conventional units and 2 wind farms...........
Key Words: Generation scheduling, Grey wolf optimization, Total generation cost reduction, Wind power availability.

[1]. K.A.Juste,et al., An programming solution to the unit Commitment problem IEEE Trans.Power Syst.14 (4) (1999) 1452
[2]. A.J.Wood, B.F. Wollenberg, Power System Generation, Operation and Control,John Wiley, NewYork ,1996
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Abstract: DC machines play an important role in industries and in our daily life. DC machines applications involve reconsideration of their operating characteristics, together with their economic and technical evolution as compared with other competing energy conversion devices. The outstanding advantage of DC machines is that they offer easily controllable characteristics. Their main disadvantage is high initial investment. In spite of this DC machines still hold a strong competitive position for industrial applications because of their attractive features. Large DC motors are used in machine tools, printing press, conveyors, pumps, hoists cranes, paper mills and so forth. Small DC machines (in fractional horse power rating) are used primarily as control devices such as tacho-generators..........
Key Words: D.C. machines, Separately excited D.C. motor, artificial intelligence (AI), Fuzzy logic, Neural Network, Neuro-Fuzzy controller

[1]. K. Mudi and Nikhil R. Pal, IEEE Transaction on Fuzzy systems, Vol-7, no-1, Feb 1999 "A robust self tuning scheme for PI and PD type Fuzzy controller".
[2]. Jihong Lee, IEEE Transaction on Fuzzy systems, Vol-1, no-4, Nov 1993 "On methods for improving performance of PI-type fuzzy logic controllers".
[3]. Yodyium Tipsuwan and Mo-Yuen Chow, IEEE Transaction on Fuzzy systems, 1999, "Fuzzy logic microcontroller implementation for DC motor speed control".
[4]. Emami, Burhan Turksen and Andrew A. Goldenberg, IEEE Transaction on Fuzzy systems, Vol-6, no-3, Aug 1998, "Development of a systematic methodology of fuzzy logic modeling".
[5]. H.K.Lam, F.H.F.Laung and P.K.S.Tam, IEEE Transaction on Fuzzy systems, Vol-9, no-4, Aug 2001, "Non-Linear state feedback controller for non-linear systems: stability analysis and design based on fuzzy plant model".

Abstract: Ce travail discute les extrémités et les échecs de la base de données relationnelle volumineuse (Big Data), et les remèdes par la modélisation orientée graphe qui plus d'avantage sur la conception et la programmation en se basant sur les principes de compacité de la Big Data, notamment la localisation par sous-graphes et les groupes denses. Mots Clés: Mega données, base de données relationnelle, SQL, Graphe, Neo4j,Cypher,Compacité. AMS Classifications : 68Mxx, 68Nxx, 68Pxx.

[1]. Big Data Analysis with Signal Processing on Graphs Aliaksei Sandryhaila, Member, IEEE and Jos´e M. F. Moura, Fellow, IEEE
[2]. Hilbert, M., & López, P. (2011). The World's Technological Capacity to Store, Communicate, and Compute Information. Science, 332(6025), 60 –65.
[3]. Source : https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_data Facial Action Coding System: Investigator's Guide, Volume 1 Paul Ekman_1978.
[4]. « Robert Kirkpatrick, Director of UN Glo balobservatory.org, 5 novembre 2012.
[5]. Big data et objets connectés Faire de la France un champion de la révolution numérique RAPPORT AVRIL 2015 Page 9-14,61-68

Abstract: In this paper PI-Observer based optimal automatic generation control regulator for two area interconnected power system is presented. PI-Observer has been realized in areas of robotic and mechanical system. The PI-Observer is used to estimate the actual states and the unknown inputs generally disturbances, modeling errors or the other non-line arities present in the system. The estimation error of the PI-Observer is gradually reduced by the proportional and integral feedback loop that appreciably improves..........
Key Words: Automatic generation control, optimal LQR, PI-Observer, pole placement, state feedback control, output feedback states.

[1]. K. Yamashita and T. Taniguchi, "Optimal Observer Design for Load Frequency Control," International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 93-100, April 1986. DOI:10.1016/0142-0615(86)90003-7
[2]. Ibraheem, P. Kumar, and D. P. Kothari, "Recent philosophies of automatic generation control strategies in power systems", IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 346-357, Feb. 2005. DOI: 10.1109/TPWRS.2004.840438
[3]. S. H. Hosseini and A. H. Etemadi, "Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system based automatic generation control", Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 78, no. 7, pp. 1230-1239, July 2008. doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2007.10.007
[4]. E ,.Schrijver, J. Dijk van, and Nijmeijer. H. "Equivalence of Disturbance Observer Structures for Linear Systems." In Proceedings of the 39th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control. Sydney, Australia, 2000, volume 5, 4518–4519. doi.org/10.1109/CDC.2001.914622
[5]. Doolla. S. and T.S. Bhatti, "Automatic generation control of an isolated small-hydro power plant", Electric Power Sytems Re-search, vol. 76, no. 9-10, pp. 889-896, June 2006. doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2005.11.002

Abstract: This paper presents the implementation of an adaptive notch filter (ANF) in field programmable gate arrays. Due to the nonlinear structure of the ANF, the implementation technique has a very high impact on the accuracy of the frequency estimation and the speed of convergence during transients. ANF is a powerful tool for grid synchronization. In this paper, ANF for harmonic signal extraction was simulated using VHDL and implemented in FPGA. It is widely used for harmonic and inter-harmonic extraction and elimination, amplitude, frequency and phase tracking and noise elimination. This is very useful in smart grids for power quality monitoring issues.
Key Words: Adaptive Notch Filter, Field Programmable Gate Array, VHDL

[1] M Mascioli, M pahlevaninezhad and P Jain, "FPGA based implementation of an adaptive notch filter used for grid synchronization
of grid-connected converters", IEEE proceeding, pp.7617-7622, 2013.
[2] S. Deepa, and P. Vanaja Ranjan, "Processing of Harmonics and Interharmonics using comb filters", European Journal of Scientific
Research, vol.69, No.1, pp.111-136, 2012.
[3] S. Deepa, and P. Vanaja Ranjan, "Comparison of Processing Power System Events using Time-Frequency Analysis and Adaptive
Comb Filters", International Journal of Electrical Engineering, vol.5, No.2, pp.119-139, 2012.Douglas L. Perry, "VHDL:
Programming by examples", Fourth Edition, McGraw Hill

Abstract: Canada is one of the highest energy consuming countries and it remains in the list of the least photovoltaic energy producing countries. Various factors engulf the lack of awareness among the people to dig into the true potential that is present in Canada for utilizing photovoltaic system. Lack of available technical information of photovoltaic systems for the common people to understand, extreme winter in Canada and the cost of photovoltaic systems are perhaps the main reasons of holding people away from investing in this sector. This paper is aimed at revealing the true potential of Canada in generating.............

[1]. Renewables 2011, global status report. Published by Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century.
[2]. Solar vision 2025: beyond market competitiveness. Published by Canadian Solar Industries Association.

[3]. T. Esram, P. L. Chapman, "Comparison of photovoltaic array maximum power point tracking technique," IEEE transaction on energy conversion, Vol. 22, no. 2, June 2007.

[4]. C. Wang and M. H. Nehrir, "Power management of a stand-alone wind/photovoltaic/fuelcell energy system", IEEE transaction on energy conversion, vol 23, no. 3, September 2008.

[5]. A. Chatterjee, A. Keyhani and D. Kapoor, "Identification of photovoltaic source models", IEEE transaction on energy conversion, vol. 26, no. 3, September 2011.

Abstract: Cadmium Sulfide thin films have been deposited on to well cleaned glass substrate in a vacuum of 10-
6 Torr. The thickness of the films has been determined by quartz crystal monitor method. The electrical
resistivity measurements were performed at room temperature by four probe method and it shows CdS films
with high resistivity. I-V characteristics analyzed with various thickness..

Key Word: CDS, Electrical Properties, Electrical Resistivity.

[1]. J.Herrero, M.T.Gutierrez, C.Guillen,J.M.Dona, M.A.Martinez, A.M.Chaparro, R.Bayon, Thin Solid Films 361 28 (2000).
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Abstract: Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of various nodes or devices those are operated on batteries.
These nodes or devices have inadequate amount of initial energy which are consumed during the data
transmission process. In sleep scheduling algorithms most of the sensor nodes are turn to sleep state to preserve
energy and improve the network life time. This paper focuses an Energy Efficient Sleep Scheduling (EE-SS)
protocol for WSN. In the initial phases, the network is divided into small clusters and these clusters are
managed by the Cluster Heads (CHs). The CHs are elected based on the highest residual energy criteria. The
sleep scheduling approach helps to allocate the slots to forward data from the source to base station. The nodes
which are having the highest residual.........

Keywords— Base Station, Cluster Heads (CHs), Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH), Residual Energy. Sleep Scheduling, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)

[1]. S. Mahajan, J. Malhotra, and S. Sharma, "An energy balanced QoS based cluster head selection strategy for WSN," Egyptian
Informatics Journal, vol. 15, pp. 189-199, 11//2014.
[2]. B. Singh and D. K. Lobiyal, "Energy-aware Cluster Head Selection Using Particle Swarm Optimization and Analysis of Packet
Retransmissions in WSN," Procedia Technology, vol. 4, pp. 171-176, //2012.
[3]. A. Wang, D. Yang, and D. Sun, "A clustering algorithm based on energy information and cluster heads expectation for wireless
sensor networks," Computers & Electrical Engineering, vol. 38, pp. 662-671, 5//2012.
[4]. T. Amgoth and P. K. Jana, "Energy-aware routing algorithm for wireless sensor networks," Computers & Electrical Engineering,
vol. 41, pp. 357-367, 1//2015.
[5]. F. Saleem, Y. Moeen, M. Behzad, M. A. Hasnat, Z. A. Khan, U. Qasim, et al., "IDDR: Improved Density Controlled Divide-and-
Rule Scheme for Energy Efficient Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks," Procedia Computer Science, vol. 34, pp. 212-219, //2014.

Abstract: The current examination was done about the consumption hindrance and adsorption conduct of
Neem and Hibiscus, as a green inhibitor of Zinc erosion in acidic intervened erosion causing soil organisms by
utilizing weight reduction and thermodynamic investigations. It was even examined both quantitatively and
subjectively biochemical substances present in Neem and Hibiscus leaves of ethanol remove which go about as
anticorrosive operator of metallic and non-metallic substances in fermented soil. Ethanolic concentrate of
Neem and Hibiscus leaves remove indicated the solid antimicrobial action against soil microorganisms, for
example, S.aureus, Streptococcus, B. subitilis, Lactobacillus, Proteus, Corynebacterium, Pseudomonas, A.niger,
Mucor and Desulpho Vibro sp. Langmuir and Freundlich, Temkin and Florry Huggins models are utilized to
examination adsorption happened in the test information.......

Keywords: Corrosion inhibition; Neem and Hibiscus; anticorrosive activity; antimicrobial activity

[1]. Linthorst, J.A.2010. An overview: origins and development of green chemistry. Foundations of Chemistry 12(1):55–68.
[2]. Sharma, S.K., Mudhoo, A., Zhang, W.2010a. Green chemistry and engineering: a versatile research perspective. In: Sharma SK,
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[3]. Sharma, S.K., Sanghi Rashmi, Singh Vandana. 2011. Environment and the role of green chemistry. In: Sanghi R (ed) Green
chemistry for environmental remediation. Scrivener Publishing LLC, Massachusetts, pp 3–34.
[4]. Sharma, S.K., Mudhoo, A., Khamis, E.2009a. Corrosion inhibition of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves extract as a green corrosion
inhibitor for zinc in H2SO4. Journal of Corrosion Science and Engineering, 11:1–25.
[5]. Buchweishaija, J.2009. Phytochemicals as green corrosion inhibitors in various corrosive media: a review. J. Sci., 35:77–92.