iosr-JEEE   Volume-13 ~ Issue-4 ~ July-August 2018

Abstract: Thegeometric dilution of precision is widely used as criterion for selecting the best set of the measurement devices. Some methods had been proposed to find the value of theGeometric Dilution of Precision (GDOP), such as using inverse matrix to solve the linear equation.But it takes a large amount of computing to find the optimal solution. In this paper, we proposed a method which use neural network with gradient descent adaptive learning rate training algorithm to approximate the value of GDOP. By the simulation results, it is suggested to combine the service base station with three others to estimate the position of mobile station.This will significantly reduce the computational complexity.

[1]. J.Y. Tham, S. Ranganath, M. Ranganath and A. A. Kassim, "A novel unrestricted center-biased diamond search algorithm for block
motion estimation," IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol., vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 369-377, Aug. 1998.
[2]. S. Venkatraman and J. Caffery, "Hybrid TOA/AOA techniques formobile location in non-line-of-sight environments," Proc.
IEEEWireless Commun. and Net. Conf., pp. 274-278, Mar. 2004.
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[5]. Y. Yong and M. Lingjuan, "GDOP results in all-in-view positioningand in four optimum satellites positioning with GPSPRN codes
ranging," Proceedings of the Position, Location andNavigation Symposium (PLANS '04), pp. 723–727, Monterey,Calif, April 2004..

Abstract: The abnormal growth of brain cells inside the brain is termed as brain tumor, and the area occupied by tumor cell is a very challenging task that is to be performed because of the complex structure of the brain. Detection of brain tumor is a very challenging task since there is similarity between the tumor cells and the normal tissue in the brain. In medical science Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) can provide detailed analysis of the soft tissue anatomy that is very much helpful in the diagnosis of tumor cells. Several stages are involved for detecting the brain tumor tissues namely: image preprocessing, Segmentation, feature extraction and classification. In this paper a review analysis is made upon image classification of brain tumor using MRI based on various techniques that are applied for detection of tumor cell..

Key Words : MRI, Segmentation, image preprocessing, feature extraction.

[1]. HariBabuNandpuru, S. S. Salankar and V. R. Bora, " MRI Brain Cancer Classification Using Support Vector Machine", 2014 IEEE Students on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Science, vol.1, pp. 1-6, 2014.
[2]. Megha. P. Arakeri and G. Ram Mohana Reddy, "Computer-aided diagnosis system for tissue characterization of brain tumor on magnetic resonance images", Original Paper, no. 7, pp. 1-17, 2013.
[3]. Atiq Islam, Syed M. S. Reza and Khan M. Iftekharuddin, "Multi-fractal Texture Estimation for Detection and Segmentation of Brain Tumors", Journal Publisher, pp. 1-12, 2013

[4]. Kalyani A. Bhawar and Ajay S. Chhajed, "Brain Tumor Classification Using Data Mining Algorithms", International Journal Of Engineering Sciences & Research Technology, vol.5, no. 11, pp. 1-5, 2016.
[5]. Mutasem K. Alsmadi, "A Hybrid Firefly Algorithm With Fuzzy-C Mean Algorithm For Mri Brain Segmentation", American Journal of Applied Sciences, vol. 1, no.9, pp. 1676-1691, 2014.

Abstract: In order to improve the control performance of the intelligent vehicle, by using front and rear wheel active steering technology, in this paper, we study the cooperative control for lane changing and following control of intelligent networked cars. Assuming that the lateral positions of the vehicle in a lane changing transition satisfy five order polynomial constraints, and the longitudinal positions and status information of the vehicle to be followed is obtained by means of inter-vehicle communication. Based on the desired longitudinal and lateral vehicle states, the reference yaw angle for lane changing was generated. Based on the dynamical model of the front and rear wheel steering vehicle, the longitudinal error model of vehicle following and lateral error model of trajectory tracking for lane changing are established. By applying terminal sliding mode technology, the cooperative......

Key Words : cooperative control, intelligent cars, lane changing, terminal sliding mode, vehicle following

[1]. Scarinci R, Hegyi A, Heydecker B G. Definition of a merging assistant strategy using intelligent vehicles. Transportation Research Part
C: Emerging Technologies, 2017, 82: 161-179.
[2]. Barmpounakis E N, Vlahogianni E I, Golias J C. Intelligent transportation systems and powered two wheelers traffic. IEEE
Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2016,17(4): 908-916.
[3]. Chaturvedi M, Srivastava S. Multi-modal design of an intelligent transportation system. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent
Transportation Systems 2017, 18(8): 2017- 2027.
[4]. Xuan J Y, Lu G, Wang J C. Vehicle Following Control System Based on Micro Smart Car. Information and Control, 2014,43(2): 165- 170

[5]. Guo G, Yue W. Hierarchical platoon control with heterogeneous information feedback. IET Control Theory and Applications, 2011,15(5): 1766- 1781.

Abstract: The present work is a study of the effects of partial shading on the performance of a PV module spatially on the maximum power point position. This search clarifies the mechanism of partial PV shading on a number of PV module connected in series and parallel. In addition, this search will mainly devote to investigating the performance comparison between series and parallel under partial shading (for different solar intensity, short circuit current and pv panel surface temperature). A PSPICE PV panel model (consists of 36 solar cells) will be used to test this study and present the results

Key Words :PV, shading, PSPICE, surface temperature

[1]. Gail-AngeeMigan, " Study of the operating temperature of a PV module" Project report MVK160 Heat and Mass Transfer, Lund, Sweden, May 16, 2013.
[2]. Yanli Liu, Zhichao pang and Ze Cheng "Research on an adaptive solar photovoltaic array using shading degree model based reconfiguration algorithm" Chinese control and DecisionConference,2356-2360, 2010.
[3]. Yaw-Juen Wang and Po-Chun Hsu "Analysis of partially shaded PV modules using piecewise linear parallel branches model" Word academy of science, Engineering and Technology 60,783-789, 2009.
[4]. Qingshan, Song Jing, BianHaihong, KazutoYukita and Katsuhiroichiynagi "Analysis of photovoltaic array performance under shaded conditions" National Natural Science Foundation of China IEEE 2010

Abstract: The aim of the article is to investigate and assess the domestic SSL(Solid State Lighting) ecosystem which has been flourishing rapidly for last few years.The analysis is carried out in context of recent developments in standardization, domestic quality infrastructure, R&D, policy framework and possibilities of tangible solutions for the end users (consumer/manufacturer/importer/exporter/technologist/researcher etc). Moreover, it is intended to take a step forward to bridge the gap between assumptionsof end users regarding domestic SSL ecosystem and actuality thereof.......

Key Words : Solid State Lighting, LED, Standardization, IEC Standards, BIS Standards

[1]. Schubert E. F., and Kim J. K. ―Solid-State Light Sources Getting Smart‖Science 308(5726), 1274–1278 (2005).
[2]. Pimputkar S., Speck J.S., DenBaars S.P., and Nakamura S. ―Prospects for LED lighting‖Nat. Photonics, 3 (4), 180-182 (2009).
[3]. Krames M.R., Shchekin O.B., Mueller-MachR., Mueller G.O., Zhou L., Harbers G., and Craford M.G. ―Status and Future of High-Power Light-Emitting Diodes for Solid-State Lighting‖J. Display Tech., 3 (2), 160-175 (2007).
[4]. Ghassemlooy Z. Arnon S., Uysal M. Xu, Z., and Cheng J.―Emerging Optical Wireless Communications - Advances and Challenges‖IEEE J. On Selected Areas in Communications, 33 (9), 1738-1749 (2015).
[5]. Takaya Y., T., Takai I., OkadaH,FujiiT., Arai S., Andoh M., Harada, T., Yasutomi K., Kagawa K., and Kawahito S., ―Image-sensor-based visible light communication for automotive applications‖IEEE Communications Magazine, 88-97 (2014).

Abstract: Distributed Generation (DG) has been utilized in electric power distribution networks. Network loss reduction, voltage profile improvement and increase in the system reliability are some advantages of DG application. Determination of suitable size and location of DG is essential and the task can be mathematically formulated as an optimization problem. Various analytical and soft computing methods have been reported and improvements in the solution quality are still required. The modern meta-heuristic algorithm known as Teaching Learning Based Optimization (TLBO) has been chosen as the main tool to address the DG application problem. The intended algorithm is implemented for solving three different test cases and the standard radial distribution system is used for demonstration. The simulation results are compared with earlier reports and the comparison reveals that the TLBO is a promising tool for solving DG application problems

[1]. Wanik MZ, Erlich I, Mohamed A. Intelligent management of distributed generators reactive power for loss minimization and voltage control. InMELECON 2010-2010 15th IEEE Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference 2010 Apr 26 (pp. 685-690). IEEE.
[2]. Le AD, Kashem MA, Negnevitsky M, Ledwich G. Maximising voltage support in distribution systems by distributed generation. InTENCON 2005 2005 IEEE Region 10 2005 Nov 21 (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
[3]. Kashem MA, Le AD, Negnevitsky M, Ledwich G. Distributed generation for minimization of power losses in distribution systems. InPower Engineering Society General Meeting, 2006. IEEE 2006 Jun (pp. 8-pp). IEEE.
[4]. Mardaneh M, Gharehpetian GB. Siting and sizing of DG units using GA and OPF based technique. InTENCON 2004. 2004 IEEE Region 10 Conference 2004 Nov 21 (Vol. 100, pp. 331-334). IEEE.
[5]. De Souza BA, De Albuquerque JM. Optimal placement of distributed generators networks using evolutionary programming. InTransmission & Distribution Conference and Exposition: Latin America, 2006. TDC'06. IEEE/PES 2006 Aug 15 (pp. 1-6). IEEE.

Abstract: In this paper, a novel approach to voltage collapse analysis using a probabilistic predictor-detector that relies on a conditioned probabilistic Quadratic Line Voltage Stability Index coined the q-LVSI and a moving average filter coined pq-LVSI for deductive analysis of power system network state. The proposed technique uses simple rules for logical analysis such as ratio-sum-of-thresholds, mean-value analysis and confidence conditioning to detect and estimate the presence of a collapsing signal from a sequence of several q-LVSI estimates and for several simulation runs. A moving average filter consisting of long-term and short-term predictions is used to filter and enhance the predictions from the resulting q-LVSI values prior to probabilistic logical analysis. The technique is applied to some interconnected buses of the Nigeria power system network in order to determine the interconnected........

Keywords: LVSI, Moving-Average, Power System, Voltage Collapse, Transmission line

[1] Aldeen, M., Saha, S., Alpcan, T., & Evans, R. J. (2015). New online voltage stability margins and risk assessment for multi-bus
smart power grids. International Journal of Control, 88(7), 1338-1352.
[2] Ajjarapu, V., & Lee, B. (1998). Bibliography on voltage stability. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 13(1), 115-125.
[3] Chuang, S. J., Hong, C. M., & Chen, C. H. (2016). Improvement of integrated transmission line transfer index for power system
voltage stability. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 78, 830-836

[4] Gao, B., Morison, G. K., & Kundur, P. (1992). Voltage stability evaluation using modal analysis. IEEE transactions on power systems, 7(4), 1529-1542.
[5] Hashemi, S., Aghamohammadi, M. R., & Sangrody, H. (2018). Restoring desired voltage security margin based on demand response using load-to-source impedance ratio index and PSO. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 96, 143-151.

Abstract: In this essay, it will discuss the application of smart home system for using wireless technology to help disabled person to enhance their life style. Smart home system is a kind of automatic system which it can detect the different kind of parameters such as the movement of users, temperature, relative humidity and pressure etc. According to these sensors, the relative data will be transferred to the corresponding devices and the system will decide the action according this information to satisfy the user. This essay will attempt to introduce some application of smart home which is automatic door lock system and gas detection system. Furthermore, a warning for gas leakage system is optimized for disabilities. The objectives of this essay focus on application of wireless.......

Keywords:Smart home system, wireless sensor network, automatic door lock system, gas detection system.

[1]. Micheal Banatre, Pedro Jose Marron, Anibal Ollera and Adam Wolisz (2008) Cooperated Embedded Systems and Wireless Sensor Networks, Great Britian, Antony Rowe Ltd.
[2]. Census and Statistic Department, The Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (2015), Persons with Disabilities and Chronic Diseases in Hong Kong, viewed on Jan, 2018
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[4]. Suraj Bhatia, 2014, Technology, Systems and Implementation of a Smart Home Automation System: A Review Moteiv Datasheet, viewed on Dec, 2017
[5]. <http://www.moteiv.com/products/docs/tmote-sky-datasheet.pdf>CC2420 Radio chip Datasheet, viewed on Dec, 2017

Abstract: Virtual Reality (VR) makes PC produced condition that encourages multidisciplinary collaborative
building. PC designs turns out to be a lot of easy to understand for a normal client. It permits individuals to see the
encompassing scene in new measurement and to encounter protests that are not plausible, all things considered,
condition. Augmented reality helps into the existence where one can collaborate with PC based reproduction rather
than simply watching an image on the screen.
Virtual reality condition depends on visual encounters and PC screen or stereoscopic presentations. Virtual
condition makes clients to cooperate with the gadgets, for example, a console, a mouse, or a wired glove, goggles
and so forth. Computer generated Reality innovation may give a successful and creative arrangement, and different
complex cutting edge VR frameworks for preparing........

Keywords: Virtual Reality, Virtual Welding, Modelling Language Virtual Welding Platform

[1] Michael Anissimov, "What is Virtual Reality?,", wise GEEK. [Online]. Available: http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-virtual
reality.htm. [Accessed: Sept. 16, 2012].
[2] Kenneth W. Michael Wills, "What Are the Different Types of Virtual Reality Technology?," wise
GEEK.[Online].Available:http://www.wisegeek.com/whatare-the-different-types-of-virtual- realitytechnology.htm. [Accessed: Sept.
10, 2012].
[3] Margaret Rouse, "CAVE (Cave Automatic Virtual Environment)," WhatIs.com-Tech Target. [Online].
Available:http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/CAVE-CaveAutomatic-Virtual-Environment. [Accessed: Sept. 10, 2012].
[4] Rajesh K. Maurya, Computer Graphics with Virtual Reality Systems, India: Wiley, 2009.
[5] "A Critical History of Computer Graphics and Animation," [Online]. Available: http://design.osu.edu/carlson/history/lesson17.html.
[Accessed: Sept. 16, 2012].

Abstract: Since long time agriculture is the prime occupation in India as well as Karnataka, even today about
58 per cent of the population relied on it as prime occupation. It plays a dominant role in India's economic
development although its share to GDP has been declining continuously from 57 per cent in 1950-51 to 17
per cent in 2016-17 (including allied activities). Despite declining its relative share in GDP, this sector has
registered the reasonable growth in last few decades. However, one of the major bottlenecks that has emerged
and can become an insurmountable problem is the issue of shortage of agricultural labour. Due to the low wage
rate, wage monopoly, insecurity, seasonal employment in agriculture and other factors have pushed the
agricultural labourers to migrate from agricultural sector to rest of other sectors. In this regard, this paper
is devoted to articulate the socio-economic conditions of the agricultural labourers in the study region. This
study is relied on both the secondary and primary data for its analysis.

Keywords: Agricultural Labourers, Exploitation, MGNREGA, BPL, Income, Saving, Expenditure

[1] Labour in Indian Agriculture: A Growing Challenge, Didar Singh A, Secretary General Federation of Indian Chambers of
Commerce & Industry (FICCI) and Rajat Wahi Partner KPMG Management Consulting Head Consumer, Retail and Agri Sector, p.
14,
[2] "Economic Conditions of Agricultural Labour Households in 1990s: a State Level Analysis of Wage Earnings And Indebtedness"
The Indian journal of labour economics vol. 48.no. 2.2005.po. 425-436. (when their numerical strengths had increased in six states -
50% in Rajasthan to more than 90% in Punjab)
[3] "Wage Employment Relationship in the Agriculture Labour Market of West Bengal"Journal of labour and economic
vol.49.no.4.2009, pp 681-696.
[4] 1"Socio Economic conditions of Agriculture Women Labour in Andhra Pradesh: A Case Study of Karimnagar District"- IOSR
journal of humanities and social science volume 19 issue 5 ver3 (May 2014) pp 68-7
[5] "Agriculture Labour in India - A Close look"-Orissa review -February -March (2007) p .p 23-28.

Abstract: In this paper, a contextual investigation is introduced to separate among Landsat and Aster
information by morphometric examination. For this the Aster and Landsat computerized height model (DEM)
information of a similar report territory was taken and afterward both the information was portrayed for the
equivalent (normal) outlet. The significant contrasts found in the middle of Landsat and Aster information after
outline are in the quantity of first request stream, hub length of streams, normal width and size of watershed.
The contextual investigation introduced will be valuable in exhibiting the way that Landsat DEM has preferable
exactness over Aster DEM for land spread regions when the DEM information trademark are kept comparative.

Keywords: ArcGIS 9.3, Aster; Digital Elevation Model, Landsat, Morphometric Analysis.

[1] Agarwal, C. S. "Study of drainage pattern through aerial data in Naugarh area of Varanasi district, UP." Journal of the Indian
Society of Remote Sensing 26, no. 4 (1998): 169-175.
[2] Biswas, Sujata, S. Sudhakar, and V. R. Desai. "Prioritisation of subwatersheds based on morphometric analysis of drainage basin: A
remote sensing and GIS approach." Journal of the Indian society of remote sensing 27, no. 3 (1999): 155-166.
[3] Bose, AS Chandra, P. Sridhar, M. V. S. S. Giridhar, and G. K. Viswanadh. "Watershed delineation and stream network analysis
uisng gis."
[4] Hendriks, J. P. M., and P. Pellikka. "Semi-automatic glacier delineation from Landsat imagery over Hintereisferner in the Austrian
Alps." Zeitschrift fur Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie 41 (2007): 55.
[5] Horton, Robert E. "Drainage basin characteristics." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 13, no. 1 (1932): 350-361.

Abstract: In our paper, SRAN (single radio access network technology) supports multi-band and multi- mode
communication for mobile users. In this, we address the signaling impact results of various mobile bands and its
spectrum utilization, resource utilization for high speed and its reduced latency model. We deployed this
architecture of network using reduced space capacity and increased network resource utilization. Achievements
made by simplicity of baseband board technology. This introduces an optimization problem involving a trade-off
between the number of additional bands that are required and the costs of moving through the mobile field for
the purpose of spectrum usage. The Basic idea is to achieve 2G, 3G and LTE communication using a single
multi-band rectangular antenna. The method proposed guarantee that no further delay or latency of the network
can occur during the restoration.......

Keywords: 2G, 3G, LTE communication, Effective Resource Sharing, SRAN, UBBPd6 technology

[1] Le Huy Trinh, Fabien Ferrero, Leonardo Lizzi, Robert Staraj, Jean-Marc Ribero―Reconfigurable Antenna for Future Spectrum
Reallocations in 5G Communications‖, IEEE antennas and wireless propagation letters, vol. 15,2016
[2] Huawei, ―White paper on spectrum,‖ Feb. 2013 [Online]. Available: http://www.huawei.com/ilink/en/download/HW_204545
[3] Nokia white paper on ―Single RAN Advanced Evolution: The future just got simpler‖, June2014.
[4] S. Sesia, I. Toufik, and M. Baker, LTE—The UMTS Long Term Evolution: From Theory to Practice. Hoboken, NJ, USA:
Wiley,2009.
[5] ―Requirements of 4G-Based Mobile Broadband on Future Transport Networks‖MatthiasFrickea, Andrea Heckwolfa, Ralf Herberb,
Ralf Nitschc,SilviaSchwarzed, Stefan Voßd, and Stefan Weveringe, Journal of telecommunication and information
technology,2012.