iosr-JEEE   Volume-13 ~ Issue-5 ~ Sep-Oct 2018

Abstract: Electricity is the bedrock of every nation development and can be transported instantaneously & pollution free at consumer end. There are three hydro power generating stations that contribute to the nation's grid, namely Kainji, Jebba and Shiroro Hydro Power Station. This study employs survey method that applies the diligent study of hydro power generating stations and their various environments. This research exploits the application of questionnaires, interviews & investigation, and personal observations in data gathering. The analyses of the various data collected were in tabular exhibitions, mathematical models, pictorial charts, percentages and graphical illustrations. Results obtained from the hydrological water balance analysis of the hydro electric power stations, for 1MWH of electric energy, the quantity of water the power stations consumes are 11,811.65m3 and 13,792.85m3 for kanji and shiroro power..........

Keywords: Electricity, Hydro Station, Energy Consumption, Environmental Ramifications.

[1]. Sule, B. F. and Salami, A.W. (2013), "Hydrological and Environmental Impact of Hydropower Dam Operation in Nigeria", University of illorin Press

[2]. Okoro, O. I. and Chikuni, E. (2010), "Power Sector reforms in Nigeria: Opportunities and Challenges", Journal of Energy in South Africa, Volume 18, No. 3, pp. 52-57
[3]. Adeloye E. A.,(2010), "Social Aspect and Environmental Impact of Hydro Development in Nigeria", NEPA review 3
[4]. Ayodele A. I., (2012), "Electricity development in Nigeria: Pattern of Nigeria "s Electric Energy Use", pp 30-32, Universal Press, Ibadan.
[5]. Azubuike, A.M., (2014), "Environmental and Economic issues in small-scale hydropower development", Unpublished

Abstract: Long distance AC transmission is often subjected to certain problems which limit the transmission capability. HVDC is a better option for transmission of power over long distances. Power is being transmitted between two generating stations via dc link. The control of power flow in DC link can be achieved through control of current or voltage. For minimization of loss considerations, it is important to maintain constant voltage in link and adjust current to meet required power. In this project, a HVDC system is designed to control the power flow between two converter stations with conventional PI controller and Artificial Neural Networks. For rectifier side current control is used for inverter side both current and extinction angle control is implemented. The error signal is passed through a PI and Artificial..............

Key Words : HVDC Transmission, Simulation, Artificial neural networks, Conventional controller, THD.

[1]. M. O. Faruque,Yuyan Zhang and V.Dinavahi, "Detailed modeling of CIGRE HVDC benchmark system using PSCAD/EMTDC and PSB/SIMULINK," IEEE Trans Power Delivery , vol.21, no.21 , pp.378-387, Jan 2006.
[2]. Das,B.P,;Watson,N,;YoungheLiu;,"SimulationStudyof Conventional and Hybrid HVDC rectifier based on CIGRE benchmark model usingPLL-Less synchronization scheme." Power Engineering and Optimization Conference (PEOCO),2011 5th International, vol.,no.,pp.,312-317,6-7 June2011doi:10.1109/PEOCO.2011.5970433.
[3]. Ashaq Thahir , M,; Kirthiga,M.V., Investigations on Modern Self-Defined Controller for Hybrid HVDC.
[4]. Kala Meah , A.H.M Sadrul Ula, "Simulation Study of the Frontier Line as a Multi-Terminal HVDC System ,"IEEE PES General Meeting ,July20-24,2008,Pittsburg,PA,USA.
[5]. N.G Hingorani , "Power Electronics in Electronic Utilities Role of Power Electronics in Future Power Systems,'' TENCON 2011-2011 IEEE Region 10conference, vol.,no.,pp.938-943, 21-24 Nov. 2011doi.10.1109/TENCON.2011.6129248.

Abstract: The electronic band structure of the ChalcopyriteCuAlS2and its vibrational properties using the pseudopotential method within density functional theory (DFT) and density functional perturbation theory (DFPT) frameworks respectively. LDA+U technique and the projector augmented wave (PAW) was used in for the electronic band structure calculations, while the norm-conserving pseudopotentials were used for the DFPT computations. The calculated results showed that CuAlS2 is a semiconductor with a wide band gap energy value of 3.13 eV. It was also discovered that the Γ to Z and Γto M transition are critical points in the structure of the material. The vibrational study reveal that CuAlS2might not be dynamically stable as a result of it yielding negative frequencies consistently.

Key Words : CuAlS2, Electronic band structure of CuAlS2, Chalcopyrite, Vibrational properties of CuAlS2, Vibrational properties of CuAlS2

[1]. Zekery A. and Elliot S. R., optical nonlinearities inChalcogenides glasses and their applications, Springer, 2007, 202p
[2]. Smith R. C., Device applications of the ternary semiconductor compounds, Jornal de Physique, Colloque C3, supplement au 9, 1985, tome 36 C3-89.
[3]. Shay J. L., Schiavone L.M., Buehler E., Wernick J. H, Spontaneous and stimulated-emission spectra of CdSnP2, J. Apps. 43, 1992, 2805-2810. DOI:10.63/1.1661599.
[4]. Alwan T. J. and Jabber M. A., structure and optical properties of CuAlS2 thin films prepared via chemical bath deposition, Turk J. Phys, 34, 2010, 107116.
[5]. Vahidshad Y., Ghasemzadeh R, Irajizad A., Mirkazemi and Masoud A, Synthesis and Characterization of CuAlS2 nanoparticle by Facile heat arrested method, JNS 2, 2012, 369-377.

Abstract: During construction of the accelerator machine to achieve optimal transmission, the fraction of beam particles lost has to be controlled. It is why a careful analysis of the location and time structure of possible losses has to be performed before the choice of the suitable types of beam loss monitors can be made. Beam loss monitors are very sensitive devices, which detect even a very small fraction of losses. In this work, we presented the input/outputcharacteristic of the switch configurations andthe implemented of a T-switch configurationis made to use as a Reset switch for the gated integrator. The simulation results of the realization revealed the interests of the switch configurations proposedto develop the readout for Ionization Chamber..

Key Words : Beam loss, Diagnostic devices, Energy, Readout electronics, Switch configuration.

[1] K. Wittenburg, Beam Loss Monitoring and Control. Proc. 8th European Particle Accelerator Conference, EPAC02, La Villette – PARIS, 3 - 7 June 2002
[2] XIAO Chen, He Yuan, YUAN Youjin et al., "A particle-in-cell mode beam dynamics simulation of medium energy beam transport for the SSC-Linac", Chinese Physics C (HEP & NP), 2012, 36(1), p.84-90
[3] Teflon E. I. Du Pont de Nemours & Co "PRECISION SWITCHED INTEGRATOR TRANSIMPEDANCE AMPLIFIER", Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated
[4] Chao-Yang Zhou,Hong S., Rui-Shi M., Cheng-Fu D., Y. Qian, J. Kong "An accurate low current measurement circuit for heavy iron beam current monitor" Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 280 (2012) 84–87
[5] NdallaEssengueGloire, WembeTafoEvariste, DjametYimga Arnaud, et al.,"New Development Design of Low Current Measurement with Noise Reduction for High-Resolution System"AJEAS, (2018) 756-765.

Abstract: It has been observed in the past few years that wind, as a source of energy, has been growing worldwide. Its penetration in the power system has increased dramatically. At the present time, wind turbines are seen to be connected to both transmission and distribution systems. These connected turbines incorporate different technologies. The most dominating technology is the variable speed technology. Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG), one of the generators utilizing this technology is the most used generator type today. This is because it has many advantages that makes it superior over other types of generators. Among these are, the presence of power electronic equipment which facilitates the process of control. In this paper, the various DFIG models are described.A case study was then conducted on an area of the Egyptian grid. This area has...........

Key Words :Aggregated model, digsilent, doubly fed induction generator, fixed speed induction generator, grid interaction, system support, wind farm

[1] Global Wind Report, Global Wind Energy Council, Brussels, Belgium, 2017.
[2] DIgSILENT GmbH. DIgSILENT Power Factory Version 14.1 User Manual, 2005.
[3] A.D. Hansen, C. Jauch, P. Sørensen, F. Iov, F. Blaabjerg, Dynamic wind turbine models in power system simulation tool DIgSILENT, Risø National Laboratory, Roskilde, 2003.
[4] S. Heier, Grid integration of wind energy conversion system(John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 1978).
[5] V.Akhmatov, Analysis of dynamic behavior of electric power systems with large amount of wind power, PhD thesis, Ørestad-DTU, Denmark, 2003

Abstract: This paper proposes a novel small-signal knowledge-based neural network modeling method for packaged transistors. Separate neural networks are proposed to represent the behaviors of packages covering the core transistor. An advanced training method is developed by utilizing the different parameters to adjust the different characteristics of the packaged transistors, which avoid parameter adjustment repeatedly and speed up the modeling process. The proposed model combing the neural networks with the core transistor model is trained to present the entire small-signal behavior of the packaged transistors. Measurement data of the radio frequency (RF) power laterally diffused metal-oxide semiconductor (LDMOS) transistor are used as the application example to verify the capability of the proposed method. The results demonstrate that the proposed model is more accurate than existing models.

Key Words :small-signal model, transistors, neural network, modeling

[1] Rudolph M, Fager C, Root D E, Nonlinear Transistor Model Parameter Extraction Techniques (UK: Cambridge University Press,
2012).
[2] P. K. Singya, N. Kumar, V. Bhatia, Mitigating NLD for wireless networks: effect of nonlinear power amplifiers on future wireless communication networks, IEEE Microwave Magazine, 18(5), 2017, 73-90.

[3] P. H. Aaen, J. A. Plá, J. Wood, Modeling and Characterization of RF and Microwave Power FETs (UK: Cambridge University Press, 2007).
[4] L. Dan, Z. Lei, H. Rueda, et al, Device Physics and EM Simulation Based Modeling Methodology for LDMOS RF Power Transistors, IEEE Mtt-S International Conference on Numerical Electromagnetic and Multiphysics Modeling and Optimization for Rf, Microwave, and Terahertz Applications. IEEE, 2017, 79-81.
[5] Q. J. Zhang, K. C. Gupta, Neural Networks for RF and Microwave Design (Boston : Artech House, 2000).

Abstract: A micro-grid is a unifying of micro-sources together with a load and an optional energy storage device within a vicinity. The micro-grid can be operated in either autonomous, non-autonomous or a dual operation. In an autonomous operation micro-grid should generate its own energy and control it, as well. The components of the micro-grid which include 270kW of wind turbine, 40kW of micro-turbine, battery energy storage system with a capacity of 100kW and their control system have worked with each other in order to achieve power control in a micro-grid. The block diagram of the components and their parameters are made in a SIMULINK environment. The simulation test has been carried out by increasing the wind speed and decreasing the power demand in the system. Moreover, quick response of the battery energy storage system was observed in SIMULINK environment.

Key Words :Autonomous operation,control of power, Microgrid, Micro-Sources, Modelling and Simulation

[1]. S. C. a. P. C. S. Chowdhury, Microgrid and Active Distribution Networks, United Kingdom: The Institution of Engineering and
Technology, 2009, pp. 4-7.
[2]. R. P. P. Lasseter, «Microgrid: A Conceptual Solution,» %1 içinde PESC'04 Aachen, Germany, 20-25 June 2004.
[3]. S. M. I. a. X. Y. Zhenhua Jiang, «Active Power - Voltage Control Scheme for Islanding Operation of Inverter-Interfaced
Microgrids,» National Science Foundation, 2009.
[4]. Rashad M. Kamel, Aymen Chaouachi, Ken Nagasaka, «Analysis of Transient Dynamic Response of Two Nearby,» scientific
research, cilt 1, pp. 39-53, 10 December ,2010.

[5]. Rashad M. Kamel, Aymen Chaouachi, Ken Nagasaka , «Detailed Analysis of Micro-Grid Stability during Islanding,» scientific
research, cilt 3, no. 10.4236/eng.2011.35059, pp. 508-516, Received January 21, 2011; revised March 4, 2011; accepted April 6,
2011.

Abstract: The revolution photovoltaic systems toward energy demands across the world is becoming immeasurable, and the increasing demand for energy in Africa, make the situation no different as most consumers are now turning to photovoltaic systems. However, reliable electrical power supply remains a challenge for many health facilities, especially in Ghana. In view of this, we present a comprehensive case study design and sizing of a stand-alone photovoltaic system for critical loads at a hospital in Ghana, called Tanoso
Hospital in Kumasi metropolitan area taking into consideration their energy demands. The efficiency of arge photovoltaic systems are enhanced through accurate sizing. The Stand-Alone PV sizing, which is dependent on solar irradiation data at the site of the hospital, electrical load data of the critical loads and the investment of the solar photovoltaic system components.........

Key Words :Energy, Photovolatic, Stand-alone, Efficiency, Sizing

[1]. E. T. El Shenawy., A. H. Hegazy., and M. Abdellatef., "Design and Optimization of Stand-alone PV System for Egyptian Rural Communities", National Research Centre, Solar Energy Department, El Behouth St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 ,12( 20) , 10433-10446, 2017.
[2]. B. Rejhwani., "Precise sizing of stand-alone photovoltaic system for residential use in Nagpur, India" , Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bhilal Institute of Technology, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India, Research Journal of Engineering Sciences ISSN 2278-9472, 6(5),19-23, June, 2017.
[3]. Kumra., M.K. Gaur.,, and C. Malvi., "Sizing of a standalone photovoltaic system for small scale industry international‟‟, Journal of emerging technology and advanced engineering, ISSN 2250-2459, 8(20), August, 2012.
[4]. L. R. Rajeswari., C. V. K. Bhanu., "Design of Stand-Alone Photovoltaic System – A Case Study International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622, 3( 2), 510-515, March -April ,2013.
[5]. A.A. Hassan., A.A. Nafeh., F. H. Fahmy., and M.A. El-Sayed., " Stand-Alone Photovoltaic System for an Emergency Health Clinic Electronics", Research Institute, National Research Center Building, Cairo, Egypt, International Conference on Renewable Energies and Power Quality,(ICREPQ'10), Granada (Spain), 23-25 March, 2010..

Abstract: This paper presents the use of Back propagation neural network to implement speaker verification simulated with Nigeria Languages. The focus is to verify voice patterns for different people speaking different Nigeria languagesso as to recognize (verify) their speech electronically.The voice samples of the people utilized were captured and then processed using the sound forge 9.0 software.The frequencies of each voice signals were used to train a backpropagation neural network, which inturn verifies the speakerthrough the voice patterns. Six neural networks (K1-1, K2-1, Y1-1, Y2-1, F1-1, and F2-1)were developed for training, testing, and validation ofthree selected Nigeria languages words.........

Key Words :Backpropagation neural network (BPNN), speaker verification, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), feature extraction, regression analysis.

[1]. Ali, H., Mijanur, R., Uzzal, K. P., & Farukuzzaman, K. (2013). Implementation Of Back-Propagation Neural Network For Isolated Bangla Speech Recognition. International Journal of Information Sciences and Techniques (IJIST) , 3 (4), 1-9.
[2]. Andrew, K. (2000). Basic of Matlab and beyond. London: Chapman and Hall/CRC Press.
[3]. Desmond, S., & Graham, F. W. (2007). Age-related changes in long-term average spectra of children voices. Journal of Voice. , 5 (3), 127-135.
[4]. Furui, S. (1986). Research on individuality features in speech waves and automatic speaker recognition techniques. 5 (2), 183 - 197.
[5]. Hagan, M. T., Demuth, H. B., & & Beale, M. H. (2014). MATLAB Neural Network ToolboxUser's Guide. united kingdom: The Mathworks Inc...

Abstract: Power transmission lines transfer a huge amount of electricity from generation stations to distribution centers. The flow of the large currents causes faults along transmission lines, leading to extended power outages and equipment failure. When a fault occurs along a line at a particular location, a reduction of voltage at that point leads to a high frequency inversion known as a traveling wave electromagnetic impulse. The velocity of propagation of the traveling wave along the line provides information about the fault. This study focuses on problems that cause a short circuit in a long-distance transmission line and develops a fault location method using traveling wave techniques. Single- and double-ended techniques are used to extract the voltage and the current traveling wave reflection and arrival times to locate the fault for three phases. The captured traveling wave signals input.........

Key Words :transmission lines, fault location; traveling waves, wavelet transformer

[1]. P. M. Anderson, "Analysis of Faulted Power Systems," Inst. Electr. Electron. Eng. Inc., 1995.
[2]. V. V. Arthur R.Bergen, Power System Analysis, 2nd Edition. 2000.
[3]. M. A. Baseer, "Travelling waves for finding the fault location in transmission lines," vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–19, 2013.
[4]. O. Alta, E. Gurso, and O. Kalenderli, "Single End Travelling Wave Fault Location on Transmission Systems Using Wavelet Analysis."
[5]. D. K. S. K.Saravanababu, P.Balakrishnan, "Transmission Line Faults Detection, Classification, and Location Using Discrete Wavelet Transform," pp. 2–7, 2013.