iosr-JEEE   Volume-14 ~ Issue-3 ~ May-June 2019

Abstract: An n-MOS device in accumulation and an n-channel MOSFET in inversion behave like a Metal-Insulator-Metal device with a high concentration of electrons of the order of 1019/cm3near the surface. The conduction band barrier height with the oxide conduction band remains the same for both the devices when the experimental threshold voltage of the MOSFET nullifies the effect of quantization of the ground state energy level of 0.2 eV where most of the electrons reside. There is a limitation imposed for the design of a high mobility n-channel MOSFETs on simple and compound semiconductors such as Si, SiC and GaN. Reducing NITs near the CB increases leakage current and.......

Keywords: Cathode, Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor, Quantum Confinement, Silicon, Silicon Carbide

[1] . R.K. Chanana, "An interrelated current-voltage/capacitance-voltage traces based characterisation on 4H-SiC metal-oxide-semiconductor devices in accumulation and Si device in inversion along with derivation of the average oxide fields for carrier tunnelling from the cathode and the anode", IOSR-JEEE, 2019;14(3):49-63.
[2] . R.K. Chanana, "Determination of hole effective mass in SiO2and SiC conduction band offset using Fowler-Nordheim tunnelling characteristics across metal-oxide-semiconductor structures after applying oxide field corrections", J. Appl. Phys., 2011;109:104508-1 to 6.
[3] . J.G. Simmons and L.S. Wei, "Theory of transient emission current in MOS devices and the direct determination interface trap parameters", Solid-State Electronics, 1974;17:117-124.
[4] . B.A. Morrow, "On the discovery of the electron", J. Chemical Education, 1969;46(9):584-588.
[5] . R.H. Fowler and L. Nordheim, "Electron emission in intense electric fields", Proceeding of the Royal Society of London, Series A, 1928;119(781):173-181..

Abstract: Modern day power converters have improved design, performance and efficiency at low design costs and production costs. This advantage comes along with complex control techniques, design methodologies and prudent application design. Power supply application design in the modern era has a clasp for better performance, low cost, better efficiency and minimal board areas. This paper discusses in detail about the key aspects of the process of Power supply application design of DC-DC converters, and behaviour modeling of exquisite features such as Duty cycle and frequency of operation; Challenges faced in the process of application design and behaviour modeling and their solutions.

[1]. Power Electronics Daniel W. Hart. Valparaiso University. Indiana
[2]. Under the Hood of a DC/DC Boost Converter Brian T. Lynch
[3]. Design of Isolated Converters Using Simple Switchers. Texas Instruments
[4]. Understanding Buck Power stage in Switch mode Power Supplies. Texas Instruments
[5]. Isolated and Non-isolated DC-DC converters. Anonymous.

Abstract: This paper presents an appraisal of solar PV systems over diesel generators for off-grid water projects (a Tertiary Education Trust Fund Sponsored Project 2017/2018, The Federal Polytechnic Bida, Niger State). The study was done to investigate the potentiality and cost effectiveness of using solar borehole system in Lavun local government area of Niger State. The Analysis of the solar powered system was based on the estimated daily water supply rate of 28,000 litres. A cost-comparison analysis between the solar-powered system and generator powered system was done using Life-Cycle Costing Analysis. Results obtained from the study showed that a 1 kW solar........

Keywords: Solar PV, Diesel Generator, solar borehole

[1]. Adesina, J. O., Berg, E and A. Olukoshi(Eds). (2006). CODESRIA, Dakar, in Association with Zed Books, London, New York, and Unisa Press, Pretoria.
[2]. Arthur, R. (2012). DSTC Workshop Presentation on Solar Pump Installation in Bolgatanga Polytechnic.
[3]. Blignaut, J. and Van Heerden, J. (2009). The impact of water scarcity on economic development initiatives. Water SA 35 (4) 415-420..

Abstract: Due to the difficulties encounter during the course of a project tilted "solar (energy) radiation study and distributed generation plan of photovoltaic in Bida: Taking Pati Shaba Kolo as a case study" (A Tertiary Education Trust Fund sponsored project 2016/2017, The Federal Polytechnic Bida, Niger State) in purchasing a pyranomter or rather getting one from any of the institutions in Nigeria led to the design and implementation of an electronic pyranomter to save cost and promote innovative ideas to solve empirical problems. The pyraometer was designed with a solar panel that charges the battery through a charge controller and the battery powers the electronic........

Keywords: Solar Radiation, Pyranometer

[1]. Fernando, G. H., Robinson, F. M., Edward, F. V. (2014). Design of a Low-Cost Sensor for Solar Irradiance
[2]. Asiegbu, A. D., Echeweozo, E. O. (2014). Design, Construction and Calibration of a Solar Radiation measuring Meter, Review of Advances in Physics Theories and Applications, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-8
[3]. Medugu, D. W., Burari, F. W., Abdulazeez, A. A. (2010). Construction of a Reliable Model Pyranometer for Irradiance Measurements, African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 9(12), pp. 1719-1725, 22.
[4]. Medugu, D. W., Adisa, A. B., Burari, F. W., Abdul'Azeez, M. A. (2013). Solar radiation: Correlation between measured and predicted values in Mubi, Nigeria, International Journal of Science and Technology Education Research Vol. 4(1), pp. 11-1.7.
[5]. Macome, M.A., Cuamba, B., Pillay, S. , Lovseth, J. (2009). Design, Construction and Characterization of A Multiple Sensors Solar Radiation Detector for ISES 2009, International Solar Energy Society.

Abstract: Photovoltaic or solar energy systems becomes one of the most promising field in the engineering due to environmental and energy demands issues facing the world. Most of the normal users have lacking of information about this system , this led to many of mismatching problems in the PV system string or inverters , this increase the power losses and reduces the system lifetime and its efficiency . In this study, we provide a clear way to design and simulate PV system using PVSYST software to enhance the normal user ability in designing such system and reducing the mismatching problem and power losses. in this study , a PV ON grid system is designed as case study to produce 10 KwH in Ma'an Development Area – JORDAN , the temperature and irradiance effects is studied.......

Keywords: polysilicon PV system,PVSYSTsoftware,irradiance,temperature, ON grid, inverters

[1]. Mark Z. Jacobson, Mark A. Delucchi,Providing all global energy with wind, water, and solar power, Part I: Technologies, energy resources, quantities and areas of infrastructure, and materials,EnergyPolicy,Volume 39, Issue 3,2011.
[2]. D. L. King, J. A. Kratochvil and W. E. Boyson, "Temperature coefficients for PV modules and arrays: measurement methods, difficulties, and results," Conference Record of the Twenty Sixth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference - 1997, Anaheim, CA, USA, 1997,pp.1183-1186.
[3]. S. Shirzadi, H. Hizam, N.I.A. WahabMismatch losses minimization in photovoltaic arrays by arranging modules applying a genetic algorithmSol Energy, 108 (2014), pp. 467-478.
[4]. Xiao W, Dunford WG, A modified adaptive hill climbing MPPT method for photovoltaic power systems. in: Proceedings of 2004 IEEE 35th annual power electronics specialists conference. PESC 04; 2004. p. 1957–1963.
[5]. P. Mundle et al., "Effect of Aluminum Back Plate on PV Module Temperature and Performance," 2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC & 34th EU PVSEC), Waikoloa Village, HI, 2018, pp. 0745-0748...

Abstract: This paper presents an ideal estimating calculation for a sustainable power source framework utilizing shrewd lattice load the executives application dependent on the accessible age. This calculation intends to augment the framework vitality generation and satisfy the heap need with least expense and most astounding unwavering quality. This framework is shaped by photovoltaic cluster as a reinforcement wellspring of vitality. Request profile forming as one of the brilliant network applications is presented in this paper utilizing burden moving based burden need. Particle swarm optimization is utilized in this calculation to decide the ideal size of the framework segment. The outcomes acquired from this calculation are contrasted and those from the iterative enhancement strategy to survey the ampleness of the proposed calculation.

Keywords: optimal sizing, Renewable Energy System, Positioning, Grid Integration, Demand Profiling

[1]. Weitemeyer S., Kleinhans D., Vogt T., Agert C. Integration of renewable energy sources in future power systems: the role of storage. Renewable Energy 2015; 75: 14–20.
[2]. Mohamed, M. A., Eltamaly, A. M., Farh, H. M., Alolah, A. I. Energy management and renewable energy integration in smart grid system. In IEEE International Conference on Smart Energy Grid Engineering (SEGE) August, 2015; 1–6.
[3]. Fadaee M., Radzi M. A. M. Multi-objective optimization of a stand-alone hybrid renewable energy system by using evolutionary algorithms: a review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2012; 16 3364–3369.
[4]. Bai Q. Analysis of particle swarm optimization algorithm. Computer and information science 2010; 3 (1): 180–184.
[5]. Du W. B., Gao Y., Liu C., Zheng Z., Wang Z. Adequate is better: particle swarm optimization with limited-information. Applied Mathematics and Computation 2015; 268: 832–838..

Abstract: In this paper we present the design and development of embedded system based Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Thermal Cycler. The development steps of PCR thermal cycler are explained. Important design features of thermal cycler and their implementation are discussed. The results of the developed PCR thermal cycler are compared with those of benchmark instruments

Keywords: PCR, Peltier, Hardware, Software, Thermal Cycling

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[2]. Tang Yongkai, Yu Juhua, Xu run, et al. Real-time quantitative PCR technique and its application in aquaculture [J]. China
Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2010 (21): 422-426.
[3]. Wu Xuegui. LPS. Cloning and differential expression analysis of immune related genes in grouper Epinephelus [D]. Haikou:
Hainan University, 2011.
[4]. Xie Haiyan. Partial Sequence Cloning of LHR and expression of tissue and organ in Striped Hamster [D]. Qufu: Qufu Normal
University, 2011.
[5]. Brettell TA, Butler JM, Almirall JR (2011) Forensic science. Analytical Chemistry 83: 4539-4556

Abstract: Scores are given in different shapes known as patterns for weight decrease and for giving attached
joints. The comprehension of the impacts of cut-out on the heap bearing limit and stress centralization of such
plates is significant in planning of structures on account of the subsequent diminished quality of parts and
higher measure of harm around this district. Studies were directed already for scored composite plate under
strain and pressure. The primary target of this examination is to explore the impact of geometrical parameters
and material parameters on shear stacked scored composite board. Numerical examination was broadly done
on ASTM D5766 OHT model for various kinds of indents of fluctuating shapes just as for materials-carbon
epoxy and fiber strengthened plastic. Contrasted with different sorts of stacking, shear stacking displayed more
impact on pressure focus around scores. Additionally, variety of stress focus factor as for geometric parameters
was significantly more when contrasted and material parameters. Among geometric variables, various shapes
and directions effectsly affected pressure focus factor.

Keywords: Sheard load, Notched composite panels, Stress concentration, Geometric and material parameters.

[1] JWang, P.JCallus, M.KBannister, Experimental and numerical investigation of the tension and compression strength of un-notched
and notched quasi-isotropic laminates Composite Structures, Volume 64, Issues 3–4, June 2004, Pages 297-306
[2] Imran Hyder, Tyler M. Froemming, Mitchell Daniels, William C. Beattie, Brian K. Bay, and John P. Parmigiani. "Mode III Loading
of Composite Panels", Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 53, No. 2 (2016), pp. 343-350.
[3] Damodar R.Ambur,.NavinJaunky. Mark W.Hilburger, Progressive failure studies of stiffened panels subjected to shear loading,
Composite Structures Volume 65, Issue 2, August 2004, Pages 129-142
[4] ShiladityaBasu. Anthony M.Waas Damodar R.Ambur, Prediction of progressive failure in multidirectional composite laminated
panels, International Journal of Solids and Structures, Volume 44, Issue 9, 1 May 2007, Pages 2648-2676
[5] B.B. Farande and V. V. Kulkarni, Experimental Investigation of Stress Concentration Factor around Countersunk Hole in
Composite Plate, 2016, International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology, E-ISSN 2277 – 4106, P-ISSN 2347 – 5161.
[6] Lotfi Toubal, Moussa Karama , Bernard Lorrain, Stress concentration in a circular hole in composite plate, 2004, Composite
Structures 68 (2005) 31–36.

Abstract: This trial study clarifies the elevate limits of single belled stay models in homogeneous and twolayered
(lesser thick sand is hidden higher thick sand) sand bed to assess the commitment of installation
proportions of 3, 4 and 5, breadth proportions of 0.28, 0.33, 0.38 and 0.46, and ringer edges of 45, 54, 63 and
72°. Higher elevate limits are accomplished in layered sand contrasted with homogeneous sand store in each
model in any case the estimations of implant proportions, distance across proportions and ringer edges. Also, it
has been seen that elevate limits in the two sorts of sand layers are expanded with higher installation
proportions, lesser distance across proportions and more extreme chime points. An undertaking is made to set
up six quantities of different relapse conditions which would have the option to foresee breakout factors inside
determined cutoff points. These conditions are checked with scarcely any current test outcomes which are not
utilized in building up those conditions, and the blunders in 76.67% and rest 23.33% of predicted values of
breakout factors are inside the scopes of +08.35 to and +11.48 to dependent on watched aftereffects of present
examination.

Keywords: Uplift capacity, Homogeneous sand, Layered sand, Breakout factors, multiple regression equations

[1]. Stewart, W. Uplift capacity of circular plate anchors in layered soil, Canadian Geotechnical Journal. 22, 1985, pp.589-592.
[2]. Bouazza, A. and Finlay, T. W. "Uplift capacity of plate anchors buried in a two-layered soil." Geotechnique, 40(2), 1990, pp.293-
297.
[3]. Dickin, E. A. and Leung, C. F. Performance of piles with enlarged bases subjected to uplift forces, Canadian Geotechnical Journal,
27 (5), 1990, pp.546-556.
[4]. Sakai, T. and Tanaka, T. Experimental and Numerical study of uplift behaviour of shallow circular anchor in two layered sand.
Journal of geotechnical and Geoenvironmental engineering, 133(4), 1990, pp.469-477.
[5]. Dickin, E. A. and Leung, C.F. The influence of foundation geometry on uplift behaviour of piles with enlarged base. Canadian
Geotechnical Journal, 29(3), 1992, pp.498-505.

Abstract: Workflow scheduling is one of the most challenging issues in cloud computing. Workflow is widely
used paradigm in collaborative research and managing complex large scale distributed application. Various
distributed environment such as cluster, grid and cloud use workflow to process complex and discrete tasks.
Each task may include entering data, processing, accessing software, or storage functions. The task-resource
mapping, QoS requirement, on-demand resource provisioning, performance fluctuation and failure management
in workflow scheduling is considered to be an NP-hard problem. An efficient scheduling algorithms are
required to select the best suitable resources for workflow execution. In this paper, a comprehensive survey of
workflow scheduling strategies that have been proposed for cloud computing platforms to help researchers
systematically and objectively gather and aggregate research evidences.

Keywords: Cloud computing, Cost aware, Distributed system, Energy aware workflow scheduling, Workflow scheduling.

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[4]. Deelman, E., Gannon, D., Shields, M., Taylor, I.: Workflows and e-science: an overview of workflow system features and
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a workflow management system for science automation. Future Generation Computer Systems. 2015 May 31;46:17-35.