iosr-JEEE   Volume-17 ~ Issue-4 ~ Jul. – Aug. 2022

Abstract: Indianagricultureisdiverserangingfromimpoverishedfarmvillagestodevelopedfarmsutilizingmodernagriculturaltechnologies.FacilityagricultureareainChina is expanding and is leading the world. However, itsecosystemcontroltechnologyisstillimmature,withlowlevelofintelligence.Promotingapplicationofmoderninformationtechnologyinagriculturewillsolveaseriesofproblemsfacingby farmers. Lack of exact information and communicationleadstotheloss inproduction.Ourpaper isdesigned toovercometheseproblems.Thissystemprovidesanintelligentmonitoring platform frameworkand system structure forfacility agriculture.....

Keywords: IoT,SmartAgriculture,Humidity,Temperature,SoilMoisture, Arduino

[1]. SirsathN.S,DholeP.S,MohireN.P,NaikS.C&RatnaparkhiN.S,"SMARTAGRICULTUREUSINGCloudNetworkandMobileDevices".
[2]. AmardeoC,Sarma.IG.IdentitiesintheFutureInternetofThings[J]. Wireless Pers Commun, Vol. (49): 353- 3632009.
[3]. KimY,Evans R G,IversenW M.Remote sensingandcontrolofanirrigationsystemusingadistributedwirelesssensornetwork.IEEETransactionsonInstrumentationandMeasurement2008.
[4]. Wang N, Zhang N P, Wang M H. Wireless sensors inagriculture and food industry-Recent development andfuture perspective[J]. ComputersandElectronics inAgriculture,2006.
[5]. Chan, M., Campo, E., Esteve, D., Fourniols, J.Y., "Smarthomes-currentfeaturesandfutureperspectives,"Maturitas,vol.64,issue2,pp.90-97,2009..

Abstract: The world is suffering severely due to climate change and global warming. The maincause of such threats to humanity is the numerous non-renewable forms of energy we useevery day. Solar Energy is oneof the main forms of renewable energy that attempts to abatethe problem of the generation ofpower by harnessing the energy of the Sun. It is also gaining popularity with time as it becomes more efficient with recent technological developments and is therefore making an impression in the sector of renewable energy and power generation. This paper aims to provide.....

[1]. Morris, M.J. "1.05 Electron-hole Pair (EHP) Generation." Electron Hole Pair (EHP) Generation | SemiconductorTheory. Science Campus, 2003. Web. 28 Jun 2022.http://www.sciencecampus.com/engineering/electronics/semiconductor_theory/semiconductor_5.html.
[2]. "Sunshine Availability & Solar Radiation in Rajasthan‟. RajRAS, https://www.rajras.in/rajasthan/geography/sunshine-availability-solar-radiation/. Accessed 29 June 2022.
[3]. "Impact of Temperature on Solar Panels Efficiency‟. Mahindra Teqo, 24 June 2020,https://www.mahindrateqo.com/blog/impact-of-temperature-on-solar-panels-efficiency/.
[4]. https://www.ijert.org/research/a-review-of-solar-energy-potential-status-targets-and-challenges-in-rajasthan-IJERTV3IS030668.pdf
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Abstract: For medium voltage, high power regulation the Multilevel Inverters (MLI) are attracting industry and academic researchers. MLI generates the desired output in the form of stepped waveforms with reduced harmonics. The MLI is expected to be realised using a variety of traditional topologies. Traditional MLIs have the disadvantage of requiring additional components, which increases the complexity of gate pulse production. As a result, MLI's overall costs will rise. This research proposes a hybrid topology to alleviate these drawbacks. With the increase in the number of steps in output voltage, the number of dc sources, power switching devices, converter cost, and space required is significantly reduced compared to typical MLIs. The design and simulation of a hybrid converter using several types of PWM approaches are covered in this work. This hybrid converter combines a T-Type single-phase inverter with an H-Bridge module with sub switches. The proposed construction is designed and simulated by MATLAB Simulink software. The proposed 9 level inverter circuit is designed and simulated by Equal phase angle modulation technique and half height modulation technique , THD is compared.

Keywords: multi-level inverter, equal phase angle modulation technique, half height modulation technique, THD

[1]. S. K. Rai, Pradyumn Chaturvedi, Shimi S. L. "SHE-PWM Based Multilevel T-Type Inverter Topology for Single-Phase Photovoltaic Applications". IEEE Transactions, 978-1-4673-8888-7/16@2016.
[2]. J. Swetha, S. Zubeda, Ch. D. Lakshmi Priya and B. M. Reddy "A Three Phase Cascaded H-Bridge Multi Level Inverter fed Induction Motor Drive with Reduced Switches". SSRG International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering– (ICEEMST'17) - Special Issue-March 2017.
[3]. Muhammad H. Rashid "Power Electronics : Circiuts, Devices and Applications" 3rd Edition, Pearson Education.
[4]. Pratik Udakhe, Dipesh Atkar, Sateesh Chiriki and V. B. Borghate "Comparison of Different Types of SPWM Techniques for Three Phase Seven Level Cascaded H-Bridge Inverter". 1st IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Intelligent Control and Energy Systems(ICPEICES-2016).
[5]. Jose Rodriguez, Jih-Sheng Lai and Fang Zheng Peng "Multilevel Inverters: A Survey of Topologies Controls, and Applications". IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, VOL. 49, NO. 4, AUGUST 2002.

Abstract: In this work, several software tools were used for solving greetfield network design problems for the survivability of WDM networks against multicast failures, as well as tools for analysing the blocking probabilities in circuit-switching WDM networks without wavelength converters. In the begining, attention was specifically focused on optimising network design considering link costs comprised of duct costs and traffic dependent fibre costs. A two phase tool was developed in which the first phase generated a set of promising paths from which the second phase, a heuristic based on simulated allocation, can select paths to reduce the network deployment cost. Evaluations showed that the promising path generator supplied path sets of good quality for the nominal network design task but that the sets for protected network design were not quite as good as wanted. The heuristic was compared with ILP optimisation tools and with a commercially available network design tool and it turned out to produce good results.

Keywords: Network, Sharepaths, Arc-flow, Protection, Multicast, Failures

[1]. Anyigor, I. S (2017). ―All-Opptical Network Shared-Paths Protection and Enhancement of Switching Systems using Self-Healing Ring Implementations. Ph.D, Thesis, April, 2017, Electrcal Electroncs Department, ESUT, Enugu, Nig.
[2]. Arivuoli, D. (2001). ―Fundamentals of nonlinear optical materials‖ Pramana – J. Phys., vol. 57, no. 5 & 6, pp. 25–34.
[3]. Andriolli, N., Vlachos, K. and Raffaelli, C. (2008).―Photonics in switching: Architectures, systems and enablingtechnologies‖ Computer Networks, vol. 52, issue 10, pp.1873–1890.
[4]. Brackett, C. A. (1993). ―A scalable multi waveligth multihop optical network: a proposal for research in all-optical networks‖ IEEE/OSAJ. Lightwave Technol. Vol. 11.pp.736-753.
[5]. Bregni, S., Guerra, G., Pattavina, A. (2001). ―State of the art of optical switching technology for all–optical networks,‖ WSES Press, Communications World, Rethymo, Greece.

Abstract: Power-instability and phase-failure have presented a severe danger to India's economic progress. Many businesses, whether corporate, retail, or residential, rely on public power supplies that are irregular, such as phase-failure, phase-imbalances, or complete power outage, because of one or more technical problems during generation of power, transmission of power, or during distribution of power. Moreover, the manually replacement operation would take a long time. This indicates that the duration and procedure required for changing the phase can cause major damage to machinery and sometimes even products, as well as posing a hazard to the human's life when transitioning through one-phase to a better suited one. As a result, automating of phase-transition during phase-......

Keywords—Power,Electrical, high-voltage,Automatic Three Phase Selector, frequency

[1]. Wong, A. K. (2016, June 16). What are phases (1 phase, 3 phase) in an electrical system. Retrieved Feburary 26, 2019, from https: www.quora.com.
[2]. Atser A. Roy, G. F. (2014). Design and Implementation of a 3-Phase Automatic Power Change-over Switch. American Journal of Engineering Research, 111(9), 07-14.
[3]. C, I. A. (2017). Design and Implementation of a Microcontroller Based Automatic Three Phase selector. IJARIIE, 111(1).
[4]. Iwu, F. U. (2015, November). Design and Construction of Automatic Three Phase Power System Selector. IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP), vii (6), 11-14.
[5]. L.S. Ezema, B. P. (2012). Design of Automatic Change over Switch with Generator Control Mechanism. SAVAP International, 111, 125-130.

Abstract: The lead sulphide (PbS) thin films were successfully deposited on glass substrates via successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) Technique using lead Nitrate, Pb(NO 3) 2 and thiourea which provided the PbS ions; Iron (II) Chloride dehydrate(Fe Cl 2. 2H 2 O) was used to provide the iron ions while sodium hydroxide(NaOH) was the pH adjuster . There was post-deposition annealing between 283K and 500K. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) Analysis, scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and Uv-vis spectroscopy were studied to determine the structure, morphology and optical properties respectively for use in photovoltaic applications in Ndiebor Agbaja Unuhu and Ishiagu- Ebonyi State. The XRD showed PbS thin films being cubic and crystalline nanoparticles. The transmittance was high and the absorbance low

Keywords: Doping: lead sulphide structure; XRD studies; SEM Analysis and optical properties

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Abstract: In this paper, ANFIS and FuzzyPD+Icontrollers are proposed to control a power system to enhance the oscillations in the two areas power system. The main goal is to minimize the transient deviations and steady-state error to minimum value. Power System Stabilizers (PSSs) are added to excite system or control loop of the generating unit to enhance the damping during oscillations.....

Keywords: ( ANFIS, fuzzy PD+I)controller,Tie-Line,powerdeviation

[1]. A. Hoballah and I. Erlich, "Generation coordination for transient stability enhancement using particle swarm optimization," in 2008 12th International Middle-East Power System Conference, 2008, pp. 29-33: IEEE.
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Abstract: Availability of constant and reliable energy supply at base transmitting stations is one of the major problems hindering the provision of efficient telecommunication service in Nigeria. Again, the cost of maintaining this scare commodity impacts negatively on the budgetary allocation of the base transmitting stations. This is because most redundant modules of the equipment are usually energized despite the fact that they are not in operation. Also the operating modules are always run on maximum power even when the traffic impinging on them is not on peak level. This research work is thus aimed at developing a hibernation-sleep mode technique for optimizing energy consumption.........

Key words: Transmitting, hibernation, consumption, characterization, redundancy, efficiency, algorithm

[1]. Abhishek Sharma (2019). " Generation S of Wireless Communication.(From OG to 5G)" ROLL NO.-935, E.C..E-6TH SEM .A paper published in Academia.edu.(https://www.academia.edu/3099956/Generations-of-wireless-Communication-From-OG-to-5G-Abhi).
[2]. Abububar Lamido Tanko (2018), "Evaluation of mobile telecommunication with respect to 1G, 2G, 3G, and 4G" Nigeria Communication Commission, the Communicator –Issue #25 – Quarter ¾ Edition.
[3]. Amanna A, (2019) "Green Communication", Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science (ICTAS) at Virginia Tech.
[4]. Ana Roxin, Jaafar Gaber, Maxime Wack, and Ahmed Nait Srdi Moh, (2017) , "Survey of Wireless Geolocation Techniques" Laboratoire Systemes et transport (SeT). Universite de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), 0010 Belfort, France. IEEE Globecom Workshops, DO1: 10.1109/GLO COMW.4437809.
[5]. Andy Sutton (2021). "5G Network Architecture, Design and Optimization". Principal Network Architect, Architecture and strategy, TSO, BT at The IET `5G -State of play` conference..