iosr-JEEE   Volume-18 ~ Issue-2 ~ Mar. – Apr. 2023

Abstract: In this work, we have recorded and think about different component extraction strategies for grouping and utilizing EEG signal. This paper contains a relative investigation of information decrease techniques which upgrades the arrangement precision. Profound investigation of decay of signs into the recurrence sub groups by wavelet strategy, Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and a set of measurable highlights that were removed from the EEG signs to address the circulation of wavelet coefficients is made sense of. Information aspect strategies like ICA, PCA and LDA are utilized for the decrease of aspect of information and sign vectors which.......

Keywords: BCI, Electroencephalogram, DWT,ICA, PCA, LDA

[1]. Taran, Sachin, and Varun Bajaj. "Rhythm-based identification of alcohol EEG signals." IET Science, Measurement & Technology 12, no. 3 (2018): 343-349.
[2]. Acharya, U. Rajendra, S. Vinitha Sree, Subhagata Chattopadhyay, and Jasjit S. Suri. "Automated diagnosis of normal and alcoholic EEG signals." International journal of neural systems 22, no. 03 (2012): 1250011.
[3]. Khosla, Ashima, Padmavati Khandnor, and Trilok Chand. "A comparative analysis of signal processing and classification methods for different applications based on EEG signals." Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering 40, no. 2 (2020): 649-690.
[4]. Sharma, Manish, Dipankar Deb, and U. Rajendra Acharya. "A novel three-band orthogonal wavelet filter bank method for an automated identification of alcoholic EEG signals." Applied Intelligence 48, no. 5 (2018): 1368-1378.
[5]. Sharma, Manish, Pragya Sharma, Ram Bilas Pachori, and U. Rajendra Acharya. "Dual-tree complex wavelet transform-based features for automated alcoholism identification." International Journal of Fuzzy Systems 20, no. 4 (2018): 1297-1308.

Abstract: The impact of apodized Point spread function along with its parameters like Encircled energy, zonal energy increment, displaced energy, and relative encircled energy have been studied for a symmetric diffraction-limited optical system using different filters including Co-sinusoidal, Gaussian, and Hanning filters. From our investigation, arranging these filters at the appropriate zone can further improve their effectiveness in suppressing side lobes of the point spread function..

Keywords: Point spread function, Encircled energy, Zonal energy increment, Displaced energy.

[1]. Sundus Yaseen Hasan Kufa University/ Education College for Girls/ Physics Department sundus. Journal University of
Kerbala , Vol. 15 No.3 Scientific . 2017
[2]. Alety. Srisailam*, Vendavetla. Dharmaiah, Ramanamurthy M.V and Pranab Kumar Mondal.
www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com
[3]. A. NARESH KUMAR REDDY, M. KESHAVULU GOUD AND S. LACHA GOUD International Journal of Theoretical
and Applied Physics (IJTAP) ISSN: 2250-0634, Vol.1, No. I (November 2011), pp. 109-126
[4]. Rayleigh, Lord, Phil Mag., 11, 214, (1881).
[5]. G. Lansraux and G., Can. J. Phys., 1961, 39, 158-189

Abstract: The out-of-focus point spread function of optical systems in the presence of primary spherical aberration has been investigated. Considerable reduction of the central maximum intensity and the presence of non-zero first minimum put a severe restriction for Rayleigh criterion to be applied for two-point resolution studies for these systems.

Keywords: PSF, Primary Spherical Aberration, Defocusing

[1]. K.Surendar, Ph.D. Thesis, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India, 1993.
[2]. T.R.Corle and G.S.Kino, "Confocal scanning Optical Microscopy and Related Imaging Systems", Academic Press, San Diego, 1996.
[3]. A.Boiivin, "Theorie et calcul des Figures de Diffraction de Revolution", Gauthier villars, Paris, 1964.
[4]. Mills JP, Thompson BJ, eds. Selected papers on apodization: coherent optical systems. Bellingham, Washington: SPIE Optical Engineering Press; 1996. ISBN: 978-0819421500.
[5]. Jacquinot P, Roizen-Dossier B. II Apodization. Progress in Optics 1964; 3: 29-186. DOI: 10.1016/S0079-6638(08)70570

Abstract: This article gives a method to find the properties of a Si (100) MOS device, given the transverse and longitudinal electron effective masses in the semiconductor and its bandgap, without fabricating the MOS device. The study also highlights a significant scientific concept of physics that the electron effective masses in semiconductors and insulators are not only related to the mobility through drift velocity, but are also related to the intrinsic Fermi energy below the conduction band of the semiconductor through the relation dE/E equals dm/m, where dE is the differential kinetic or potential energy of the electron, E is the semiconductor bandgap as the total potential energy of the electrons, dm is the effective mass of the electron in the material, and m is the free electron mass.

Keywords: Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor, Silicon, Intrinsic defects, Fowler-Nordheim tunnelling.

[1]. R.K. Chanana, "A new method for calculating charged deep level defects density in doped semiconductors from the band offsets of MIS device interfaces", IOSR-J. Appl. Phys., 8(4), 53-56 (2016).
[2]. R.K. Chanana, "Intrinsic Fermi level and charged intrinsic defects density in doped semiconductors from the band offsets of MIS device interfaces", IOSR-J. Appl. Phys., 9(6), 1-7 (2017).
[3]. R.K. Chanana, "Linear model for the variation of semiconductor bandgap with high temperature for high temperature electronics", IOSR-J. Electrical and Electronics Engg., 16(6), 5-8 (2021).
[4]. C. Kittel, "Semiconductor Crystals", in Introduction to Solid State Physics, 5th edition, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi, pp.207-248, 1976.
[5]. R.K. Chanana, "Universal mass-energy equivalence for relativistic masses", International J. of Engg. and Science Invention, 12(3), 35-36 (2023).

Abstract: In the motion control technique of wheeled mobile robot (WMR), the problem of trajectory tracking and fast impact is very necessary, the main task and attracts the attention of a large number of scientists. For a robot with holonomic constraints such as WMR, the set trajectory will include both its coordinates (x,y) and its direction angle θ. The task of the mobile robot tracing control problem here is to determine the torque applied to the wheels of the robot in the shortest time so that it can move in the correct trajectory with the smallest error. Therefore, the paper proposes a robust optimal control method for WMR to ensure the set quality criteria. This controller allows the robot to operate in conditions of slippery floors, affected by external disturbances.

Keywords: Wheeled mobile robot; Reinforcement learning; Adaptive dynamic programming; Hamilton-jacobi-bellman; Disturbance observer.

[1]. E. Hashemi, M. G. Jadidi, and O. B. Babarsad, "Trajectory planning optimization with dynamic modeling of four wheeled Omni-directional mobile Robots", Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Comput. Intell. Robot. Autom. CIRA, 2009, 272–277.
[2]. Ching-Chih Tsai, Li-Bin Jiang, Tai-Yu Wang, Tung-Sheng Wang, "Kinematics Control of an Omnidirectional Mobile Robot", Proceedings of 2005 CACS Automatic Control Conference, Taiwan, Nov, 2005.
[3]. Y. Hsu, C. Tsai, and Z. Wang, "Hybrid navigation of a four-wheeled tourguide Robots", Iccas-Sice, 2009, 4353–4358.
[4]. Y. Kanayama, Y. Kimura, F. Miyazaki, T. Noguchi. "A stable tracking control scheme for an autonomous mobile robot", proc. of IEEE Int. Conf. on Robotics and Automation, 1990, 384-389.
[5]. Jorge Angeles, "Fundamentals of Robotic Mechanical Systems", Theory, Methods, and Algorithms, Third Edition, Springer, 2013.

Abstract: In recent years, dilute nitride III-V semiconductors have attracted considerable interest due to their unique electronic and optical properties, which make them suitable for a variety of optoelectronic and solar power applications. This article examines the various techniques for tuning the bandgap of dilute nitride III-V semiconductors, as well as the underlying mechanisms and their effect on device performance. Recent advancements in epitaxial growth, material characterization, and device fabrication, as well as the challenges and prospects of the field, are discussed. Researchers can optimize their applications in optoelectronics and solar power generation by understanding the fundamental properties and strategies for tuning the bandgap of these materials..

[1]. Buyanova, I.A., W. Chen, and C. Tu, Recombination processes in N-containing III–V ternary alloys. Solid-State Electronics, 2003. 47(3): p. 467-475.
[2]. Wang, Z., et al., III–Vs on Si for photonic applications—A monolithic approach. Materials Science and Engineering: B, 2012. 177(17): p. 1551-1557.
[3]. Hsu, L. and W. Walukiewicz, Modeling of InGaN/Si tandem solar cells. Journal of Applied Physics, 2008. 104(2): p. 024507.
[4]. Bank, S.R., et al., Recent Progress on 1.55-$\mu {\hbox {m}} $ Dilute-Nitride Lasers. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 2007. 43(9): p. 773-785.
[5]. Jandieri, K., et al., Compositional dependence of the band gap in Ga (NAsP) quantum well heterostructures. Journal of Applied Physics, 2015. 118(6): p. 065701..