iosr-JEEE   Volume-19 ~ Issue-2 ~ Mar. – Apr. 2024

Abstract: Electricity is the major concern of modern era. Countries are facing power crisis because of increasing population and less non-renewable energy resources such as coal, petroleum etc. Thus, to overcome this power crisis, the industrial and domestic waste materials as a source of energy can be used. A unique kind of fuel cell with a potential in long term is the biofuel cell or microbial fuel cells (MFCs). It is a device that converts domestic and industrial waste material into generation of electricity by the action of microbes as a catalyst such as saccharomyces cerevisiae, E. coli, Geobacter, clostridium sp-EG3 etc. The MFC work on the principle that microbes oxidized to waste material and generate carbon dioxide........

Keywords: Bioelectricity, microbial fuel cell (MFC), geobacter, saccharomyces cerevisiae, non-renewable energy resources.

[1] Appels L, Lauwers J, Degreve J, Helsen L, Lievens B, Willems K. (2011). Anaerobic Digestion In Global Bio Energy Production: Potential And Research Challenges. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 15 (4): 295-301.
[2] Abbasi U, Jin W, Pervez A, Bhatti Z.A, Tariq M, Shaheen S, Iqbal A, Mahmood Q. (2016). Anaerobic Microbial Fuel Cell Treating Combined Industrial Waste Water: Correlation Of Electricity Generation With Pollutant Biortech. 200: 1-7.
[3] Bond Dr, Lovely Dr. (2003). Electricity Production By Geobacter Sulfurreducens Attached To Electrodes. Appl Env Microb 69:1548-1555.
[4] Aghababaie M, Farhadian M, Jeihanipour A, Biria D. (2015). Effective Factors On The Performance Of Microbial Fuel Cells In Wastewater Treatment: A Review. Environ. Technol. Rev. 4 (1): 71–89.
[5] Elmekawy A, Srikanth S, Bajracharya S, Hegab Hm, Nigam Ps, Singh A, Mohan Sv, Pant D. (2015). Food And Agricultural Wastes As Substrates For Bioelectrochemical System (Bes): The Synchronised Recovery Of Sustainable Energy And Waste Treatment. Food Res. Int.73: 213-225.

Abstract: Enhancing the voltage firmness of wind power grid-connected systems is the main goal of this research. We suggest combining the Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) and Thyristor-Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC) in a control scheme. By carefully adjusting these components, we aim to optimize the system's response to variations in wind power output. Our approach involves in-depth modelling and simulation to check the dynamics of the wind electrical system. The goal is to enhance voltage stability, minimize power fluctuations, and boost overall grid performance during transient conditions and disturbances........

Keywords: Statcom,Facts Devices, Bus, Tcsc, Compensation.

[1] Kuang, H., Zheng, L., Li, S. And Ding, X. (2019), Voltage Stability Improvement Of Wind Power Grid-Connected System Using Tcsc-Statcom Control. Iet Renewable Power Generation, 13: 215-219. Https://Doi.Org/10.1049/Iet- Rpg.2018.5492
[2] Y. Ma, A. Huang And X. Zhou, "A Review Of Statcom On The Electric Power System," 2015 Ieee International Conference On Mechatronics And Automation (Icma), Beijing, China, 2015, Pp. 162-167, Doi: 10.1109/Icma.2015.7237475.
[3] N. Liu, H. Gao, B. Xu And Y. Wu, "Comparative Analysis Of Wind Field Fault Characteristics Of Squirrel-Cage Wind Farms And Direct-Drive Wind Farms," 2022 7th Asia Conference On Power And Electrical Engineering (Acpee), Hangzhou, China, 2022, Pp. 1533-1538, Doi: 10.1109/Acpee53904.2022.9784025.
[4] Liu, Y., Li, C.: 'China's Energy Efficiency And Its Influencing Factors', Therm.Power Gener., 2015, 44, (03), Pp. 1–7
[5] Xiang, Z., Xie, D., Gong, J., Et Al.: 'Dynamic Characteristics Analysis Of Statcom For Reactive Compensation In Wind Farm', Autom. Electr. Power Syst., 2008, 32, (9), Pp. 92–95

Abstract: Dielectric relaxation properties for nicotinic acid in water medium were carried out using time domain reflectrometry (TDR) technique at 250C, 200C, 150C and 100C in the microwave frequency range from 10 MHz to 50 GHz. The relaxation behaviour of aqueous solutions of nicotinic acid has been illustrated by using Debye model. The static dielectric constant (ε0), dielectric constant at high frequency (ε∞) and relaxation time (τ in ps) extracted from the complex permittivity spectra using least squares fit method. Hydrogen bonding interactions for aqueous solution of nicotinic acid studied through the determination of Kirkwood correlation factor (geff) and thermodynamic parameters (enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS)).........

Keywords: Time domain reflectometry; Frequency domain technique; Kirkwood correlation factor.

[1]. Mohamed H And Ahmad M Dielectric Properties Of Nicotinic Acid/Methyl Cellulose Composite Via "Green" Method For Anti-Static Charge Applications, Materials Science And Engineering: B. 2021; 263:114797.
[2]. Vaijinath S Kamanna L, Kashyap M D, Mechanism Of Action Of Niacin. The American Journal Of Cardiology, 2008; 101(8): S20-S26. [3]. Kaminski K, Maslanka S, Ziolo J, Paluch M, Mcgrath K J, And Roland C M Dielectric Relaxation Of Α-Tocopherol Acetate (Vitamin E), Phys. Rev. E 2007; 75: 011903.
[4]. Sharma R, Thakur R C Study Of Thermodynamic And Acoustic Behaviour Of Nicotinic Acid In Binary Aqueous Mixtures Of D-Lactose, Aip Conf. Proc. 2017; 1860: 020054.
[5]. Mallick S, Malathi M, Microwave Dielectric Relaxation Dynamics Of Aqueous Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3): A Dielectric And Thermodynamic Approach Using Time Domain Technique, Physics And Chemistry Of Liquids 2021;59(3):1-13.

Abstract: Due to the world's fast socio-economic expansion, environmental concerns, and the rising expense of fossil fuels, renewable energy resources (RES) are increasingly integrated into distribution networks. The use of renewable energy sources (RES) offers several enticing characteristics; yet, there are some doubts about RES since there is a lack of monitoring and management of these grid-connected RES systems, which might contribute to the instability of the electric grid......

Keywords: Renewable Energy Resources (RES), Wind Energy, Solar PV, Grid, Integration, Distributed Generation (DG).

[1] Abdmouleh, Z., Gastli, A., Ben-Brahim, L., Haouari, M., & Al-Emadi, N. A. (2017). Review Of Optimization Techniques Applied For The Integration Of Distributed Generation From Renewable Energy Sources. Renewable Energy, 113, 266–280.
Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Renene.2017.05.087
[2] Ahmed Sharique Anees. (2011). Grid Integration Of Variable Renewable Energy Sources: Research Challenges And Opportunities. Networks.
[3] Al Kez, D., Foley, A. M., Mcilwaine, N., Morrow, D. J., Hayes, B. P., Zehir, M. A., Mehigan, L., Papari, B., Edrington, C. S., & Baran, M. (2020). A Critical Evaluation Of Grid Stability And Codes, Energy Storage And Smart Loads In Power Systems With Wind Generation. Energy, 205, 117671. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Energy.2020.117671
[4] Alsayegh, O., Alhajraf, S., & Albusairi, H. (2010). Grid-Connected Renewable Energy Source Systems: Challenges And Proposed Management Schemes. Energy Conversion And Management, 51(8), 1690–1693.
Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Enconman.2009.11.042
[5] Arun, R., Mohammed Gohar Latheef, K. S., & Anandhakumar, G. (2015). Grid Interconnection Of Renewableenergy Sources At The Distribution Level With Power-Quality Improvement Features. International Journal Of Applied Engineering Research, 10(33 Special Issue), 25622–25626. Https://Doi.Org/10.23883/Ijrter.Conf.20171216.014.Uylw8.