iosr-JRME   Volume-5 ~ Issue-5 ~ Sep-Oct 2015

Abstract: This paper examined the problems of funding small and medium scale enterprises in Nigeria. The study identified the sources of finance, types of finance available to small scale enterprises and the various financial challenges bedevilling the smooth operation of small and medium scale enterprises and suggested the way forward. Observation and review of relevant documents were employed in carrying out the study. It was discovered that though adequate finance is indispensable for the successful operation of small and medium scale enterprises, government still needs to create a more conducive environment for small scale business to thrive by streamlining business tax policies to eliminate extortion from small scale businesses.

[1]. Adidu, F. A. & Olannye, G. (2006). Basic small business entrepreneurship: A Modern Approach. Royal Pace Publishers, Agbor, Delta State.
[2]. Ajakaiye, D.O. & Odusola, A.F. (1996). "Price Effects of Value Added Tax in Nigeria Policy Analysis Series." Research Journal of Finance and Accounting. Faculty of Management Sciences University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
[3]. Asika, N. (2004). Research Methodology: A Process Approach. Mukugamu Enterprises Lagos.
[4]. Gbandi, E. C. & Amissah, G. (2014). "Financing Options for small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria." European scientific Journal Jan 2014 vol 10,1.
[5]. Imoisili, A. (1979). "Key Success Factors in Multinational Indigenous Companies in Nigeria." Columbia Journal of World Business, fall 1978, p.40.
[6]. Kadiri, I. B. (2012). "Small and Medium Scale Enterprises and Employment Generation in Nigeria." Kuwait Chapter of Arabic Journal of Business Management Review. Vol 1,9. May 2012.

Abstract: This study examined the effects of Team Teaching Approach (TTA) on the achievement of students in English language comprehension and how the effects vary across gender. The study employed non randomized pretest-posttest control group quasi experimental design. Intact classes were therefore assigned to the experimental and control groups. The population consisted of 5,171 senior secondary two students made up of 2,407 males and 2,764 females in Onitsha education zone of Anambra State. A total of 189 students (97 males and 92 females) randomly selected from four public secondary schools constituted the sample. Two of the schools selected were used as experimental group while the other two were used as the control group. Two research questions and three hypotheses guided the study. Data were collected with one comprehension passage.

[1]. Adejimola, S.A. (2007). ESL curriculum in secondary schools in Nigeria: Issues and challenges towards communicative competence. NEBULA 4, (2) 319- 332.
[2]. Adepoju, T. L. and Oluchukwu, E. E. (2011) A. study of secondary school students academic performance at the senior school certificate examination and implications for educational planning and policy in Nigeria. African Research Review An International Multi disciplinary Journal, 5(6) 314 – 333.
[3]. Akudolu, L-R. (2002). Restructuring Nigeria secondary education system through information and communication technology (ICT)-driven curriculum .WCCI Nigeria Chapter A Journal of Curriculum Studies, 3(1), 112-120.
[4]. Akudolu, L-R (2005). Gender Differentials in computer Assisted Language
[5]. Learning (CALL). The Nigerian Academic Forum 8 (2)

Abstract: This research and development was purposed at (1) developing a learning trajectory on fraction topics by using Realistic Mathematics Education approach in Primary School; and (2) determining the validity, practicality, and the effectiveness of the learning trajectory. The results of this research were (1) a learning trajectory on fraction topics in the form of Teacher's Guide Book and Student's Book. (2) Teachers' Guide Book and the Student's Book of learning trajectory were considered valid, practical and effective after being judged by experts in Mathematics Educators, Language Educators, Experienced Teachers and an Educationalist. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the learning trajectory on Fraction Topics by using Realistic Mathematics Education Approach can be effectively used to improve the learning effectiveness on Fraction Topics in Primary School.

[1]. Armanto, D. 2002. Teaching Multiplication and Division Realistically in Indonesia Primary Schools: a Prototype of Local Instructional Theory. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Twente, The Netherlands.
[2]. Clarke, D., Roche, A. & Mitchell, A. 2007. Year Six Fraction Understanding: A Part of the Whole Story. In J. Watson & K. Beswick (Eds), Mathematics: Essential Research, Essential Practice (Proceedings of the 30th annual conference of the Mathematics Education Group of Australasia, pp. 207–216). Adelaide: MERGA.
[3]. Cobb, P., Yackel, E., & Wood, T. (1992). A Constructivist Alternative to the Representational Views of Mind in Mathematics Education. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 23 (1), 2-33.
[4]. Fauzan, A. 2002. Applying Realistic Mathematics Education in Teaching Geometry in Indonesian Primary School. Doctoral Dissertation. University of Twentee, Enschede, The Netherlands.
[5]. Freudenthal, 1991. Revisiting Mathematics Education. China: Lectures Kluwer Academic
[6]. Gravemeijer, K.P.E. 1994. Developing Realistic Mathematics Education. Freudenthal Institute . Utrecht.

Abstract: This study was carried out to identify the employability competencies needed by educational technology teachers for effective teaching and learning in the 21st century workforce. Specifically, the study determined the general employability competencies and the most important by ranking. Two research questions and one null hypothesis were formulated and tested at 0.05 levels of significance to guide the study. The descriptive survey design was used and the population for the study was made up of 17 educational technology teachers in the Niger State College of Education Minna (COEM) and the Federal College of Education Kontagora (FCE KNT). A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The data collected were analysed using frequency counts, mean and t-test. The findings revealed that all the employability skills listed are needed, but integrity/ honesty ranked higher while taking a reasonable job risk was ranked lowest. It was recommended that employability skills should be given greater emphasis in training, educational technology teachers by ensuring that these skills are integrated into the curriculum of educational institutions to ensure that students' upon graduation acquire such skills so as to fit into the 21st century workforce. Keywords – Competencies, Employability, Learning, Teaching, Technology teachers'

[1]. Bunn, P.C. & Stewart, L. (1998). Perceptions of Technical Committee Members Regarding the Adoption of Skill Standards in Vocational Education Programs", Journal of Vocational and Technical Education 14 (1), 1-14.
[2]. Carnevale, A. P. (1990). America and the New Economy. Alexandria, VA: American Society for Training and Development, (ED 333 246)
[3]. Clanchy, J. & Ballard, B. (1995). Generic Skills in the Context of Higher Education. Higher Education Research and Development. 14(2), 155-166
[4]. Commonwealth of Australia, (2006). Employability Skills: From Framework Practice. Department of Education, Science and Training. Australian Government.
[5]. Conference Board of Canada, (2000). The Advisory Council on Science and Technology, Stepping Up: Skills and Opportunities in the Knowledge Economy, Report of the Expert Panel on Skills
[6]. De Leon, J. E. & dan Borchers, R. E. (1998). "High School Graduate Employment Trends and the Skills Graduates Need to Enter Texas Manufacturing Industries", Journal of Vocational and Technical Education 15 (1), 1-19.

Abstract: Tourism is not only a concept of enjoyment or travelling or passing the holidays, but also a development concept and it has now been placed a wider significance among the mass people, government and development planner in Bangladesh. Sylhet has a bright prospect to develop its tourism sectors as its treasures weather it is going to miserable situation in the absence of proper plan and realistic steps. The aim of the research is to investigate the problems and prospects to flourish the tourism sector in this region. Quantitative method has been used in this study to investigate the research problems based on survey method. The tourists are found very enthusiastic to get test of visiting different places and this study results some good indications for improving tourism sectors.

[1]. Ghosh, B. (2001). Tourism and Travel Management,New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd. Government of Bangladesh, 2005
[2]. Government Peoples Republic of Bangladesh, 2005
[3]. Haque, M., (2005). "Tourism Industry in Bangladesh", the Independent, September, 27, p. 9
[4]. Hasan, S. R., (2005). "Marketing publicity and sales promotion for tourism development in Bangladesh", Paper Readout in the workshop on tourism Mater plan, Held on January, 15-16
[5]. Hossain, M. A and Hossain, M. J. (2002). "Marketing Promotion Strategies of the Tourism Industry in Bangladesh: An Empirical Study of Some Selected Tour Operators, Social Science Review, Vol. 19, No. 2, Dhaka University, Bangladesh
[6]. Hossain, M. A. (2007). "Strategic Promotion Approaches to Developing Tourism in Bangladesh: An Empirical Study of Some Selected Tour Operators", Research Book, Bureau of Business Research, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
[7]. Hossain, M. A. and Nazmin, S. (2006). "Development of Tourism Industry in Bangladesh- an empirical study on its problems and prospects" Centre for Tourism and Hotel management Research, Ga-1, Rashedul Hasan Bhaban, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract: the main purpose of the article is to share the knowledge generated in the academic and scientific community for review and validation, so that the main findings of these studies together have been synthesized as their diffusion theory are presented mediate future and its consequences. In the article the main precepts of the theory, its theoretical contributions and practical applications as well as their patterns and techniques for implementation are presented. Although the results have been mixed, all studies showed changes in behavior favorably; a several studies in different populations yielded noticeable improvements, but it was the child population which showed increased susceptibility to behavioral change.

[1] Z. Bauman. Liquid modernity. (Mexico: Fondo de Cultura Economica, 2002).
[2] Biographies and lives. (2015). Diogenes the Cynic. The biographical encyclopedia online. Recovered from http://goo.gl/zrjqRA
[3] F. Savater. [Horacio Daud]. (2009, August 8). Moral Imperative Immanuel Kant Goodwill. [Video File]. Recovered from https://goo.gl/Q1oQGw
[4] R. Ardila. Psychology of Learning (25th Ed.). (Mexico: Siglo XXI, 2001).

Abstract: The present study was taken up to research question of Parental Preference for School Type. When government schools do exist in sufficient numbers alongside private schools, will families choose to enroll children in private schools over government schools? Does curriculum matter? Do other cultural factors matter?

[1]. Chudgar, A. (2012). Variation in private school performance: the importance of village context. Economic and Political weekly, 47 (11), 52-59
[2]. Chiapa, C., J.L. Garrido and S. Prina (2012) 'The Effect of Social Programs and Exposure to Professionals on the Educational Aspirations of the Poor', Economics of Education Review 31.5: 778–98
[3]. De, A., Majumdar, M., Samson, M., Noronha, C., 2002.Private schools and universal elementary education. In: Govinda, R. (Ed.), India Education Report. Oxford University Press, New Delhi
[4]. Eggen, P., &Kauchak, D., (2001). Educational Psychology Windows on Classrooms(5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill Prentice Hall.
[5]. Kingdon,G. (1996a), The quality and efficiency of private and government education: a case study of urban India, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 58.1, 57-81

Abstract: In order to further improve teaching effect of the course regarding electric control of mechanical equipments, and strengthen electrical design and PLC control capability about machinery equipments of students, a situational teaching method under guidance of engineering is presented. The method includes case-based classroom teaching, field-based course teaching and project-based comprehensive practice. Aiming at the course knowledge of each chapter, some engineering cases are combined into classroom teaching. Based on some actual engineering objects, the students can understand electrical systems well through on-site tasks such as use, dismantling, assembly, connection and commissioning. Based on some training devices, the practical ability of students can be improved using project tasks. The teaching results show that, for the students who have no any engineering background, the situational teaching helps them understand, grasp and apply knowledge well.

Keywords: Situational teaching, electrical control, programmable logic controller, project task

[1] C.J. Wu, Teaching Mode of Task-Driven Project for Course PLC Control Technology, Journal of Anqing Teachers College (Natural Science Edition), 17(2), 2011, 97-100.
[2] Y. Ren, G.M. Gui, Exploration of teaching reform on electrical control and PLC technique, Research and Exploration in Laboratory, 30(1), 2011, 112-113,153.
[3] C.Y. Xu, K.J. Zhou, J.F. Shi and F. Yi, Exploring of project teaching reform for "Electromechanical Transmission and PLC" Curricula, Mechanical Management and Development, (4), 2012, 189-190,193.
[4] B.B. Ma, A. Zhao, The reform practice exploration of PLC curriculum project teaching[J], Journal of Taizhou Polytechnic College, 15(1), 2015, 17-19.
[5] H.X. Miao and B.S. Qi, Experimental teaching reform research and practice of PLC control technology, Experimental Technology and Management, 27(3), 2010, 136-139.
[6] M.X. Yuan, Y. Shen and Q. Wang, Project-based teaching reform for electrical control of mechanical equipments under guidance of engineering, China modern education equipment, (11),2013, 42-44.
[7] H.P. Li, Control configuration technology and application: MCGS ( Xi'an, China: Xi'an Electronic Sience &Technology University Press, 2013).

Abstract: This research aims This research aimed to provide good standards for the design and development of educational software based on the Internet, which could benefit the organizers of the design and development of educational software, from the point of view of educational technology lecturers, and educational software designers at Al-Aqsa University Gaza-Palestine. The researcher used the descriptive analytical method during the application of research on a sample of specialized lecturers in education technology. The researchers designed the study tool in the form of a questionnaire. Its validity and reliability has been verified. Researchers have achieved a list of educational and technological standards of educational software based on internet.

Keywords: Educational Technology, Educational Software, Internet.

[1] Abd Atallah Hamayel and Majid Atallah Hamayel (2004). "The Use of Computers and Internet in the Computerization of University Assignments". Working paper prepared for the Quality of Palestinian University Education held by the Education Program and the Department of Quality Control in Al-Quds Open University in the city of Ramallah in the period 3-5 / 7/2004 http://www.qudsopenu.edu/homePage/arabic/qulityDepartment/qulityConfernce/pepars/session6/hamaial.htm.
[2] Abdel Muti al-Agha and Samar Abu Shaban (2007) "Standards and Strategies of Palestinian Electronic Curriculum Design Quality Control". Submitted research to the Third Conference of the educational quality in the Palestinian education entrance of excellence held by the Islamic University in the period from October 30 to 31 2007. Pages (163-194).
[3] Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz Al-Mousa (2003). "Electronic Education, Definition, Characteristics, Benefits and Obstacles", a working paper submitted to the School of the Future 8 / 2003. King Saud University. http://wwww.ksu.edu.sa/seminars/future-school/index2.htm
[4] Ahmed bin Abdul Aziz Al-Mubarak (2005). The Impact of teaching Using Virtual Classrooms Across the World Wide Web (Internet) on the Achievement of Faculty of Education Students in Education and Communication Techniques at King Saud University Master thesis King Saud University. Saudi Arabia. http://www.elearning.edu.sa/forum/forumdisplay.php?f=9
[5] Education Committee Working Group,(2004) International Standards and Guidelines on Education and Training for the Multi-disciplinary, Health Response to Major Events that Threaten the Health Status of a Community. http://pdm.medicine.wisc.edu/Issues.pdf

Abstract: Most Business Schools in India has been struggling to find out the answers to a few questions pertaining to their students in their MBA/PGDM program. They would like to knowthe characteristics of an ideal MBA student which would maximize their academic performance as well as secure high paying jobs from the industry. They would also like to know the industry characteristics and requirements of the industry so that they can prepare their students accordingly. Analyzing the trends within the school as well as that of the industry, including trends related to performance of students, will help the schools draw up strategies pertaining to admissions, placements, as well as curriculum and delivery. This study tries to answer some of these questions utilizing data from a reputed business school in Bangalore, India.

[1]. Yang, Baiyin; LU Rosa Diaopin; Predicting Academic Performance in Management Education: An Empirical Investigation of MBA Success; Journal of Education for Business; September/October 2001.
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[3]. Schwan, E. S. (1988). MBA admission criteria: An empirical investigation and validation study.Journal of Education for Business, 63, 158–162.
[4]. Christensen, Donald Gene and Nance, William R., White, Darin W.; Academic Performance in MBA Programs:Do Prerequisites Really Matter?Journal of Education for Business, 87: 42–47, 2012.
[5]. DeSimone, R., & Harris, D. (1998). Human resource management. NewYork, NY: Dryden Press.

Abstract: Standard treatments with bronchodilator for chronic obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) though reduce the degree of airway obstruction to a certain extent is totally insufficient to relieve completely the symptom and their physical capacity.COPD patients have reduced respiratory muscle endurance and so are not able to tolerate the respiratory work loads. Pranayama practiced as a specific training programme for respiratory muscles traditionally in olden days of India has been ignored by the present generation due to negligence and ignorance. An attempt was made to reintroduce the same to COPD patients in this study and the effects of improvement in ventilator capacity and exercise tolerance in these patients were documented. The present study support the findings that pranayamic breathing strengthen the respiratory muscles and increases the naturally occurring endurance power of these muscles.

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