Volume-13 ~ Issue-3 ~ March 2020

Abstract: Following recent crude oil spill at Omuigwe-Aluu in Rivers State Nigeria, the levels of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Organochlorine compounds and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons in the crude oil contaminated soils were determined using Gas Chromatography. The results of concentrations of toxic and carcinogenic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the soils were Benz(a)anthracene 0.08±0.01ppm, Chrysene 0.04±0.01, Benzo(b)fluoranthene 0.04±0.007ppm, Benzo(k)fluoranthene 0.02±0.00ppm, benzo(a)pyrene 0.02±0.01 ppm, Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene, 0.04±0.01ppm were exceeded permissible limits. The concentrations of all the organochlorine compounds analysed were below detectable limits. The highest concentration of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon, 1016 ppm was found at the spill site. The exceedance of the toxic and carcinogenic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons could be due to oil exploitation activities and the area is not polluted with organochlorine compounds and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons. It was recommended that the pollutants should be regularly monitored and the volatile organochlorine compounds should be analysed promptly.

Keywords: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Organochlorine compounds, Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons, crude oil, soils.

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Abstract: Background: La importancia de la investigación del estero salado – La Chala, radica en la razón de solucionar los problemas de la afectación a la fauna acuática que está establecida como reserva protegida. Materials and Methods: El muestreo se realizó en cuatro (4) sitios escogidos en base a la norma del Servicio Ecuatoriano de Normalización (INEN), donde se recolectó, preparó y trasladó las muestras al laboratorio de la Facultad de Ingeniería Química de la Universidad de Guayaquil, para realizar el análisis físico-químicos y microbiológicos de las aguas del estero salado; así como la demanda bioquímica de oxígeno. Los parámetros de Ph, temperatura y salinidad, se los tomó "in situ", mientras que el análisis de coliformes fecales y coliformes totales, se los realizó en el laboratorio del Instituto Osceanográfico de la Armada del Ecuador (INOCAR). Results: El índice de calidad de vida de la fauna acuática, comparada con las normas TULSMA Tabla 3B, sobrepasa los límites permisibles en dos (2) sitios muestreados......

Key words: Estuario, oxígeno disuelto, índice de calidad, fauna acuática.

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Abstract: Soaps are cleaning agents that are usually made by reacting alkali with naturally occurring fats or fatty acids. In this work, animal and human (toilet) soaps purchased from the main markets in Jos North and Jos South LGA of Plateau State were analysed to compare the values on quality and safety criteria for different characteristics. The comparison of result on percentage moisture content for both animal and human soaps is between 1.38-8.44 and 1.96-6.58, pH is between 9.79-10.02, percentage free caustic alkali is between 0.20 -0.16 and 0.01-0.06, foam height (cm) is between 0.20 -3.00 and 0.50-3.50, percentage total free fatty matter (TFM) is between 7.60-36.10 and 11.72-49.65 while percentage alcohol insoluble (MIA) is between 55.46-89.00 and 53.82-90.30......

Key words: Soap, fatty acid, animal soaps, human soaps.

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Abstract: In this paper, we report the synthesis andcharacterisation of Bis(2-nitroBenzylidene)benzidine Schiff base was prepared by the reaction of benzidine and2-nitrobenzaldehyde 1:2 reaction. This ligand was used to form two chelates with Cr3+ and Fe2+ ions. The prepared compounds were analysed using elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, 1H-NMR and mass spectroscopy. The obtained results confirmed the formation of proposed compounds,including the free ligand and the two chelates and were found in a good agreement with theoretical values.

Key words: Schiff base; complexes; spectroscopy; 2-Nitrobenzaldehyde.

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Abstract: Nanocellulose material was extracted from Pride of Barbados pods and Corn cobs agro waste materials and used as a gelling agent in the production of gel fuel. The gelling capacity, quantity and physicochemical properties of the nano material was determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X – ray fluorescence (XRF). Ultraviolet and Visible Absorption Spectroscopy (UV-Vis) was used to determine the nano particle size nature of the cellulose while Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR) was used to ascertain the degree of purity of extracted Nanocellulose material that is devoid of contaminants like lignin, hemicellulose and other extractive. The Scanning Electron......

Key words: Pride of Barbados pods, Corn cobs, Agrowaste, fuel gel, Nanocellulose, Domestic heating

[1]. Okoro O.I., Madueme, T.C.,. Solar Energy Investments in a Developing Economy, Renewable Energy. 29, (2004) 1599 - 1610. www.sciencedirect.com
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[3]. Abayomi, S. O.,. Assessment of households' access to electricity and modern cooking fuels in rural and urban Nigeria: Insights from DHS data. Life Science Journal. 9(4): (2012) 1564-1570. http://www.lifesciencesite.com
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Abstract: The adsorption of crude oil from water by using Potassium hydroxide (KOH) prepared from coconut coir activated carbon CCACKOH was investigated by batch adsorption under varying parameters such as adsorbent dosage, contact time, initial oil concentration, temperature and agitation speed. The morphological modification significantly increased the hydrophobicity of the adsorbent, thus creating a CCAC with a much better adsorption capacity for crude oil removal having a maximum adsorption capacity of 4859.5 mg/g at 304 K as evidently proven by FTIR and SEM analysis. The experimental results showed that the percentage of crude oil removal increased with an increase in.....

Keyword: Oil Spill, Coconut Coir Activated Carbon, Adsorbent, Hydrophobicity, Oleophilicity, Adsorption Capacity, % Removal of Crude Oil, Adsorption Studies, Chemical Activation

[1]. Abdelwahab, O. (2014). Assessment of raw luffa as a natural hollow oleophilic fibrous sorbent for oil spill clean-up. National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria, Egypt. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 53: 213 - 218.
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Abstract: ybrid systems are constructs of different chemical entities to generate functional molecules in which the characteristics of productsmay get modulated, amplified or give rise to entirely new properties. The
key attributes of such condensation of molecules led to the idea of generating novel molecular entities by rationally combining two classes of compounds with different therapeutic properties. An appealing feature of
this approach is that it may provide possibilities for generating a diverse array of new types of molecules for application in medicinal chemistry.....

Key words: β-Lactam, NEPA-NCA

[1]. Montavon, Marc; Reiner, Roland; Thiazolylacelamidecephalosporins; US 4327210
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[3]. Synthesis of novel β-Lactam derivative and it's application; Sarita Shrivastava, Amulya Ranjan, Niraj Kumar Tripathi; IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry (IOSR-JAC); Volume 7, Issue 7 Ver. I. (July 2014),16-20
[4]. Novel β-Lactam derivative: Synthesis and application; Sarita Shrivastava, Amulya Ranjan; IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry (IOSR-JAC); Volume 7, Issue 10 Ver. I. (Oct. 2014), 01-05
[5]. Synthesis of novel amino acid [(6R, 7R)-7-((S)-2-((S)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-ylamino)propanamido)-3-methyl-8-oxo-5-thia-1-aza-bicyclo[4,2,0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylicacid]; Sarita Shrivastava, Amulya Ranjan, Niraj Kumar Tripathi; IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry (IOSR-JAC); Volume 8, Issue 8 Ver. I. (Aug. 2015),16-19