Volume-16 ~ Issue-6 ~ June 2023

Abstract: Weak non-covalent interactions are interactions between molecules that are not based on the sharing of electrons between atoms, but rather arise due to electrostatic, van der Waals, or other types of forces. These interactions are generally weaker than covalent bonds, which involve the sharing of electrons between atoms. The most common types of weak non-covalent interactions include: Van der Waals interactions: These are weak electrostatic forces between molecules arising from temporary dipoles. Hydrogen bonds: These are weak interactions between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom such as oxygen or nitrogen. Ionic interactions: These are interactions between.......

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Abstract: Antiaris africana plant commonly known as "false iroko" tree is one of the medicinal plants used in the treatment of mental and nervous disorder such as epilepsy. It is also used to treat respiratory infections, syphilis and skin irritants in Nigeria. Analysis of the phytochemical properties of the leaves indicated the presence of tannins (45.86 ± 2.04 %), flavonoids (1.67 ± 0.11%), saponins (4.56 ± 0.01%) and cardiac glycoside (1.80 ± 0.02 %). Proximate composition and energy content of the leaves showed the presence of moisture (15.30 ± 0.22 %), ash (14.60 ± 0.80%), crude fibre (38.28 ± 0.60%), crude fat (9.08 ± 1.58 %), protein N × 6.25 % (12.99 ± 0.65 %) and carbohydrate (9.81 ± 1.59%). The presence of the phytochemical compounds and the nutritional values justify the use of the plant leaves as potent drug for treatment of different ailments traditionally.

Keywords: Phytochemicals, antioxidant, drugs, Antiaris africana

[1]. Akindahunsi, A. A. and Salawu, S. O. (2005). Phytochemical screening and nutrient-antinutrient composition of selected tropical green leafy vegetables. African Journal of Biotechnology, 4: 497-501.
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[5]. Lajide, L., Oseke, M. O. and Olaoye, O. O. (2008). Vitamin C, fiber, lignin and mineral contents of some edible legume seedlings. Journal of Food Technology.

Abstract: The quality and hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater obtained from Ogu community in Rivers state, were evaluated. The levels of Physicochemical and Microbial Properties were determined using standard methods recommended by the American Public Health Association (APHA) and heavy metals with Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Hydrochemical properties were determined by plotting Piper and Durov diagrams; Water Quality Indices were determined using an adopted mathematical model. The results showed maximum mean levels of pH (6.40±0.14), Total.....

Key words: Groundwater, Water Quality Index, Hydrochemistry, Ogu, Rivers, Nigeria

[1]. Agbalagba, O. E., Agbalagba, O. H., Ononugbo, C. P., & Alao, A. A. (2011). Investigation into the physico-chemical properties and hydrochemical processes of groundwater from commercial boreholes In Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 5(7), 473-481.
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[3]. Amangabara, G.T. & Ejenma, E. E. (2012). Groundwater quality assessment of Yenagoa and environs, Bayelsa State, Nigeria between 2010 and 2011. Resources and Environment, 2(2): 20-29.
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Abstract: A novel mononuclear manganese(II) complex derived from the ligand ( 4 methyl N'N'--((5 methyl 1H imidazol 4 yl)methylene)benzohydrazide (H 2 L) which was obtained by the condensation reaction between p toluic hydrazide and 4 methyl 5 imidazolecarboxaldehyde in the presence of glacial acetic acid. The compound was characteri zed using spectroscopic techniques such as infrared and 1 H and 13 C NMR. The mononuclear complex obtained was characterized by spectroscopic FTIR and UV visible spectroscopy and molar conductivity and
magnetic susceptibility measurements at room temperature . The title complex formulated as [Mn(H 2 L) 2 Cl 2 ] crystallizes in the triclinic space group P....

Key words: p T oluic hydrazid e ; Heptacoordinated Manganese ; X ray diffraction ; Complex ; mononuclear

[1]. Socea, L. I., Barbuceanu, S. F., Pahontu, E. M., Dumitru, A. C., Nitulescu, G. M., Sfetea, R. C., Aposto l, T. V. (2022). Acylhydrazones and Their Biological Activity: A Review. Molecules, 27 (24),
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27248719
[2]. Xia, L., Xia, Y. F., Huang, L. R., Xiao, X., Lou, H. Y., Liu, T. J., Pan, W. D., Luo, H. (2015). Benzaldehyde Schiff bases regulation to the metabolism, hemolysis, and virulence genes expression in vitro and their structure microbicidal activity relationsh ip. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 97 , 83 93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.04.042
[3]. Mali, S. N., Thorat, B. R., Gupta, D. R., Pandey, A. (2021). Mini Review of the Importance of Hydrazides and Their Derivatives—Synthesis and Bio logical Activity. Engineering Proceedings, 11 (1), 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/ASEC2021 11157
[4]. Morjan, R. Y., Mkadmh, A. M., Beadham, I., Elmanama, A. A., Mattar, M. R., Raftery, J., Pritchard, R. G., Awadallah, A. M., Gardiner, J. M. (2014). Antibacte rial activities of novel nicotinic acid hydrazides and their conversion into N acetyl 1,3,4 oxadiazoles. Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 24 (24), 5796 5800. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.10.029

Abstract: A large proportion of the African population's primary healthcare requirements are still mostly met by traditional medicine. Previous studies have demonstrated the potential of plant extracts disease management. Conyza species are traditionally used for a variety of pharmacological applications including treatment of malaria, smallpox, chickenpox, sore throat, ringworm and other skin related infections, toothache and wounds. The aim of this study was to provide a review of the chemical compounds from Conyza species and their bioactivities. Extracts from Conyza species have a wide range of bioactivities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antitumor, analgesic, antiplasmodial, wound healing, insecticidal, allopathic, antidiabetic, antiviral,.....

Keywords: Conyza species: Chemical compounds; Bioactivities

[1]. World Health Organization. WHO Traditional Medicine Strategy: 2014-2023. World Health Organization; 2013. Accessed February 27, 2023. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/92455
[2]. Jeruto P, Arama P, Anyango B, Nyunja R, Taracha C, Opiyo S. Morphometric Study of Senna didymobotrya (Fresen.) H. S. Irwin and Barneby in Kenya. J Nat Sci Res. 2017;7:54-69
[3]. Opiyo SA, Mugendi B, Njoroge PW, Wanjiru SN. A Review of Fatty Acid Components in Avocado. IOSR-JAC. 2023;16(3):18-27.
[4]. Opiyo SA, Manguro LOA, Okinda-Owuor P, Ateka EM, Lemmen P. 7α-Acetylugandensolide and antimicrobial properties of Warburgia ugandensis extracts and isolates against sweet potato pathogens. Phytochemistry Letters. 2011;4(2):161-165. doi:10.1016/j.phytol.2011.02.007
[5]. Opiyo SA, Manguro LOA, Okoth DA, Ochung AA, Ochieng CO. Biopesticidal Extractives and Compounds from Warburgia ugandensis against Maize Weevil (Sitophilus zeamais). NPJ. 2015;5(4):236-243. doi:10.2174/2210315505666150916000539

Abstract: The rapid bromination kinetics of the regio-isomers of nitrophenol in aqueous solution by N-bromosuccinimide at 1.0 x 10-2 ionic strength has been studied by the rotating platinum electrode (RPE) techniques. The specific reaction rates for the bromination of the ortho, meta and para nitrophenol have been found to be 40.0, 5.67 and 20.0 m-1s-1 at 25 0c respectively. The energy of activation, ea and frequency factor, a, are evaluated. presumably due to rapidity of the reactions in aqueous solution necessitated a special technique rpe to measure unreacted NBS which is the only electro reducible species in the reaction. The kinetic data provides the relative substrate reactivity. The thermodynamic parameters are calculated. Background: In voltammetry, dropping mercury electrode can not be used in rapid reactions due to its markedly positive potential of 0.4 volt......

Keywords: Bromination; Kinetics; Voltammetry; Nitrophenol; Rotating Platinum Electrode (RPE).

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Abstract: Water Quality Management In Nalanda District Requires A Systematic Qualitative Analysis Of Water Pollution To Identify The Sources And Impacts Of Contamination. By Conducting Such An Assessment, The Effectiveness Of Current Management Practices Can Be Evaluated, And Targeted Measures Can Be Implemented. Nalanda District Faces Several Water Pollution Challenges. The Qualitative Analysis Reveals That Agricultural Activities, Including Excessive Use Of Fertilizers And Pesticides, Contribute Significantly To Water Pollution. Runoff From Fields......

Keywords: Water Pollution, Agricultural Runoff, Domestic Sewage, Open Defecation, Traditional Practices

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