Volume-7 ~ Issue-9 ~ September-2014

Abstract: The limited utilization of roselle in food products had encouraged this study to be done. This study was conducted to develop the most acceptable pickling formulation for roselle pickles. Sensory evaluation was conducted on six pickling formulations which involved different concentration of sugar (30, 40 and 50 °Brix) and acidity (0.5 and 1.0%). Sensory attributes evaluated were colour, aroma, texture, sweetness and sourness, and overall acceptability. The formulation C (50 °Brix, 0.5% acidity) was the best formulation in terms of texture and it was used for preparation of fresh pasteurized, fresh unpasteurized, stored pasteurized and stored unpasteurized pickles, and then proceeded with physico-chemical (pH, ascorbic acid, anthocyanin, energy, ash, fiber, protein, and texture) and microbiological analysis. From fresh calyces to pickles, there were significant increased (p<0.05) in the pH and ash content, significant reduced (p<0.05) in anthocyanin, crude fiber, ascorbic acid and texture, and no significant differences (p>0.05) in energy and protein content. Microbial counts found in all samples were under safe limit. Since there are not much difference in the physico-chemical and microbiological properties of pasteurized and unpasteurized roselle pickles, for both fresh and stored, therefore pasteurization process is not a necessary step in the production of roselle pickles.

Keywords: Microbiological properties, pasteurized pickles, physico-chemical characteristics, Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), sensory acceptability

[1] Anon. 2007. Fact sheets for the small scale food entrepreneur. The Northeast Center for Food Entrepreneurship at the New York State Food Venture Center. Cornell University [online]. Available from: http://www.nysaes.cornel.edu/necfe/ [Accessed 10 May 2010] . [2] Association of Analytical Communities (AOAC). 2000. Official methods of analysis 17th ed. Washington, DC: Association of Official Analytical Chemists.

[3] Barrett. D.M. 1993. Pickling. Encyclopedia of Food Science, Food Technology and Nutrition. Academic Press. Pp. 4563-4566

[4] Bell, C., Neaves, P., Williams, A.P. 2005. Food Microbiology and Laboratory Practice. United Kingdom. Blackwell Science. Pp. 18-29.

[5] Castaneda-Ovando, A., Pacheco-Hernandez, M.L., Paez-Hernandez. M.E., Rodriguez, J.A. and Galan-Vidal. C.A. 2009. Chemical studies of anthocyanin: A review. Food Chemistry 113:859-871

Abstract: In this study, different cationic surfactants were prepared by esterfication of different fatty acids with ethanol then amidation of the prepared esters with N, N dimethyl ethylene diamine then quaternized the tertiary amines with benzyl bromide to produce a series of quaternary ammonium salts then preparing of metallocationic surfactants by complexing the cationic surfactants with cobalt chloride and copper chloride. Surface tension at different four temperatures of these metallocationic surfactants was investigated. The surface parameters including critical micelle concentration (CMC), maximum surface excess (Γmax), minimum surface area (Amin), efficiency (PC20) and effectiveness (πCMC) were studied and the thermodynamic parameters such as free energy of micellization (ΔGomic) and adsorption (ΔGoads), enthalpy (ΔHom), (ΔHoads) and entropy (ΔSom), (ΔSoads) were calculated. The antimicrobial activity of the prepared complexes was determined via the inhibition zone diameter against different microorganisms also the antimicrobial activity of the prepared complexes against sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) was determined by the dilution method. The results indicate that these metallocationic surfactants have good surface properties and good biological activity on broad spectrum of microorganisms.

Key words: Biological activity, Metallocationic surfactants, Surface parameters.

[1]. Y. Sun, F. S. Yin, Z. Q. Song and M. L. Wang, New surfactant (Chemical Industry press, Beijing, 2003).
[2]. Y. G. Tao, P. S. Mao and Z. G. Cui, The application of cationic surfactant in the field of high technology, China Surf. Detergent Cosmet., 6, 2001, 23–25.
[3]. F. M. Menger and J. S. Keiper, Review gemini surfactants, Angew Chem Int Ed Engl., 39, 2000, 1906–1920.
[4]. Z. Adamczyk, G. Para and P. Warszynski, Influence of ionic strength on surface tension of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide, Langmuir, 15, 1999, 8383–8387.
[5]. M.S. Bakshi, Influence of alkoxyethanols on the mixed micelle formation by hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and tetradecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide surfactant mixtures, J. Colloid Polym. Sci., 278, 2000, 1155–1163

Abstract: 4,5-dichloroimidazole (DCI) was synthesized and characterized using spectroscopic methods. The compound and its complexes did not show any significant antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus spp, when compared with the good activity shown by imidazole which is its precursor compound. Imidazole however showed complete inactivity against the fungi strains Aspergillus spp, Candida spp and Trichophyton spp. These fungi were very sensitive to DCI with further sensitivity shown to the Cr3+and Co2+ complexes of the compound. These two complexes of DCI were also more active than the standard antifungal drug ketoconazole in inhibiting the growth of these fungi making them very potent compounds in the search for antifungal agents.

Keywords: 4,5-dichloroimidazole, Antibacterial activity, Antifungal agents, Imidazole, Ketoconazole

[1] A.R. Katritzky and C.W. Rees, Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry (Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1985).

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Abstract: This research paper describes recent developments in methanol-oxygen fuel cell or direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). An application of DMFCs in portable power sources and in hybrid electrical vehicles has recently been envisaged. The section is particularly focused on the electro catalysis of the methanol oxidation reaction and oxygen electro reduction. In this regard, some aspects of the electro catalysis of oxygen reduction in the presence of methanol crossover have been treated. The technology section deals with the development of both components and devices. The recent efforts in developing DMFC stacks for both portable and electro-traction applications are studied. The current status of the technology in this field is presented and some important technical challenges are been discussed.

Key words-: Nafion membrane, Proton exchange membrane, Membrane electrode assembly, bipolar plate.

[1]. R. Dillon , S. Srinivasan , A. S. Aricò and V. Antonucci "International activities in DMFC R&D: status of technologies and potential applications"
[2]. Michel Broussely and Graham Archdale "Li-ion batteries and portable power source prospects for the next 5–10 years" Journal of Power Sources, Volume 136, Issue 2, 1 October 2004, Pages 386-394
[3]. Gogel , T. Frey , Zhu Yongsheng , K. A. Friedrich , L. Jörissen and J. Garche "Performance and methanol permeation of direct methanol fuel cells: dependence on operating conditions and on electrode structure"
[4]. Journal of Power Sources, Volume 127, Issues 1-2, 10 March 2004, Pages 172-180
[5]. G. Q. Lu and C. Y. Wang "Electrochemical and flow characterization of a direct methanol fuel cell"
[6]. Journal of Power Sources, Volume 134, Issue 1, 12 July 2004, Pages 33-40 Zhaobin Wei, Suli Wang, Baolian Yi, Jianguo Liu, Likang Chen, WeiJiang Zhou,

Abstract: This research manuscript explains simple yet sensitive & speedy, accurate, precise, repeatable & reproducible RP-UPLC method for the analysis of Levofloxacin and Ornidazole in combine pharmaceutical dosage form. The sample was analyzed by reverse phase C18 column (Purospher Star 100×2.1 mm, Merck Specialities) as stationary phase and Phosphate Buffer: Acetonitrile (65:35 v/v) as a mobile phase [where PH of of the buffer was adjusted to 2.5 by using Tri ethylamine (1ml for 1 lit buffer) and ortho-phosphoric acid] at a flow rate of 0. 44 ml/min. TUV detector was used for the detection at 294 nm. The retention time for Levofloxacin and Ornidazole was found to be 0.537 and 0.938 minute respectively. The linearity for both the drugs was obtained in the concentration range of 2-14 μg/ml and 4-28 μg/ml. The method was successfully applied to pharmaceutical formulation because no significant interferences from suspension excipient were found. The method retained its accuracy and precision when certain variations in method parameters were applied.

Keywords: Combined dosage forms; Levofloxacin and Ornidazole; Method development & validation, RP-UPLC,Stability Study.

[1]. S.B. Chepurwar, A.A. Shirkhedkar*, S.B. Bari, R.A. Fursule, and S.J. Surana : Validated HPTLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Levofloxacin Hemihydrate and Ornidazole in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form, Journal of Chromatographic Science, September 2007, Vol. 45.
[2]. Shafrose Syed, Haritha Pavani : Validated Simultaneous Estimation and Development of Levofloxacin and Ornidazole by RP-HPLC Method, International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 2012; 4(4): 52-55, ISSN: 0975-1556.
[3]. Patel, Satish A; Prajapati, Arun M; Patel, Paresh U; Patel, Natubhai J; Vaghmasi, Jayesh B : Development and Validation of Column High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic and Derivative Spectrophotometric Methods for Determination of Levofloxacin and Ornidazole in Combined Dosage Forms, journal of association of official analytical chemists, Volume 91, Number 4, July 2008 , pp. 756-761(6).
[4]. Nagavalli, D.; Rajeevkumar, Rekha; Rajeev Kumar, P.; Devi, T.: Derivative Spectrophotometric Estimation of Levofloxacin hemihydrate and Ornidazole, International Journal of ChemTech Research, Oct2010, Vol. 2 Issue 4, p2145-2149.
[5]. FDA, ICH-Q1A (R2): Stability Testing Of New Drug SubstancesAnd Products, Vol. 68, U S Food And Drug Administration, Washington, DC, USA, 2nd Edition, 2003

Abstract: This research manuscript describes simple yet sensitive, speedy, accurate, precise, repeatable & reproducible RP-UPLC method for the analysis of Ofloxacin and Ornidazole in combined infusion form. The sample was analyzed by RP-UPLC instrument using reverse phase C18 column (Purospher Star 100×2.1 mm, Merck Specialities) as stationary phase and Phosphate Buffer: Acetonitrile (70:30 v/v) as a mobile phase [where PH of of the buffer was adjusted to 2.5 by using Tri ethyl amine (1ml / lit buffer) and ortho-phosphoric acid] at a flow rate of 0. 4 ml/min. TUV detector was used for the detection at 294 nm. The retention time for Ofloxacin and Ornidazole was found to be 0.648 and 1.158 minute respectively. The linearity for both the drugs was obtained in the concentration range of 2-14 μg/ml and 5-35 μg/ml. The method was successfully applied to pharmaceutical formulation because no significant interferences from infusion excipient were found. The method retained its accuracy and precision when certain variations in method parameters were applied.

Keywords: Ofloxacin and Ornidazole; Combined dosage form; Method validation; RP-UPLC.

[1]. Indian Pharmacopeia Government Of India, Ministry Of Health And Family Welfare; The Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission 2007, Vol. II and III, page 854-855.
[2]. United States Pharmacopoeia, 30 National Formulary 24, 2007. page 2793.
[3]. British Pharmacopoeia, British Pharmacopoeia Comission Office, The Department of Health,The Stationery Office on behalf of MHRA, 2009. Vol. I, II &III, page 9426.
[4]. VM. Gandhi*, SB. Nair, C. Menezes and R. Narayan, Development Of UV-Spectrophotometric Method For The Quantitative Estimation Of Ofloxacin And Ornidazole In Combined Liquid Oral Dosage Form By Simultaneous Equation Method. International Journal of research in pharmacy and chemistry, 2013, 3(1) ISSN: 2231-2781.
[5]. Bhusari KP* and Chaple DR : Simultaneous Spectrophotometric Estimation of Ofloxacin and Ornidazole in Tablet Dosage Form. Asian J. Research Chem.. 2(1): Jan..-Mar. 2009. ISSN 0974-4169.

Abstract: Densities and ultrasonic speeds of the ternary liquid mixture of diethyl amine with acetone and acetophenone in n-hexane at 293K over the entire composition range were measured. From these data, acoustical parameters such as adiabatic compressibility (intermolecular free length (Lf), acoustic impedance (Z), internal pressure (
i), excess velocity (UE), excess adiabatic compressibility (E), excess intermolecular free length (LfE), excess acoustic impedance (E) have been evaluated. These excess parameters have been used to discuss the nature and extent of interaction between the component molecules in the ternary mixtures. The ultrasonic speeds calculated according to Nomoto's relation, Rao's specific sound velocity theory and impedance dependence relation and are compared with those obtained experimentally.

Keywords: Ultrasonic speeds, Acoustic impedance, Intermolecular free length, Excess adiabatic compressibility.

[1]. J.R. Sekar, P.R. Naidu and W.E. Acree Jr, J.Chem.Eng.Data., 38 ,167 (1993).
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Abstract: High quality quantum dots have been prepared with advances in the modern colloid chemistry. In the present study we have focused on preparation of CdSe quantum dots (QDs).CdSe prepared via colloidal synthesis in aqueous medium. CdSe QDs optical properties and size were characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectra, Photoluminescence spectra and DLS measurement. The result showed that the absorption spectra clearly indicate the absorption peak shift from 500 nm to 650 nm on increasing. The particle size average diameter of the CdSe quantum dot is reported as 13.36nm.

Keywords: Quantumdots, cadmium selenide, cadmium sulphide, ultraviolet-visible, Photoluminescence, dynamic light scattering.

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Abstract: The present study has been aimed to understand the role of electrode material, its surface modification by organic molecules, solvent and analyte in an electrochemical cell on cyclic voltammograms. To study these effects, the different electrochemical cells were constituted using different electrode material, different solvents and thiol modification of electrode surface to measure the cyclic voltammograms. The present measurements clearly show that these parameters are significantly important ones in dictating the nature of the observed voltammograms. The effect of scan rate on cyclic voltammograms has been observed with various scan rates. A plot of the Randles-Sevcik equation yield a straight line, the slope is used to determine the diffusion coefficient. Since the cyclic voltammetry is an important technique in the characterization and in the development of one of the important energy storage devices that are known as supercapacitors. The present investigations clearly help to understand the internal mechanisms of energy storage in these devices so that the better devices can be developed.

Keywords: Cyclic Voltammograms, SnO2:Sb, Carbon, Specific Capacitance, Randles-Sevcik relation

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