Volume-8 ~ Issue-3 ~ March-2015

Abstract: Constructing a building entails not only financial costs at each stage it also requires use of energy and resources that invariably results in the discharge of a variety of substance such as CO2 that have an impact on environment. This effect continues beyond the construction phase to include the entire life cycle of the building. It has been observed that money spent on design and construction occupies only 30% of the total life cycle cost while the rest are the post completion costs of operation, maintenance, refurbishment and eventually demolition & disposal. From environmental view point it becomes necessary to design the whole life cycle of a building instead of only paying attention on the initial costs and CO2 emissions.

[1]. ASHRAE 1999, ASHRAE 90.1-1999 Energy Efficient Design of New Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential.
[2]. Bernd Gluck 1999, Thermische Bauteilaktivierung. C.F. Muller Verlag, Heidelberg
[3]. Emmerich, S.J., W.S. Dols, J.W.Axley 2001, NISTIR 6781 – Natural Ventilation Review and Plan for Design and Analysis Tools. NIST.
[4]. Keller, B. and Magyari, E. 2000, A Strategy for the Joint Minimization of the Energy and Power Need for Heating as well as Cooling. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology.
[5]. Nagy, E. 2002, Low-Energy Sustainable Buildings (translation from Slovak title: Nizkoenergeticky Ekologicky Dom). Jaga Group.

Abstract: Chromium oxide nanoparticles (NPs)have been rapidly synthesized by precipitation method using ammomia as precipitating agent and are characterized by using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), UV-Visible absorption (UV), Infrared Spectoscopy (IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). XRD studies show that chromium oxide NP is formed as Cr2O3 and it has hexagonal structure. The shape and particle size of the synthesized Cr2O3 NPs is determined by SEM and TEM. The images showed that the size of NPs of Cr2O3 varied from 20 nm to 70 nm with average crystalline size 45 nm. UV-Visible absorption and IR spectoscopy confirm the formation of nanosized Cr2O3. TGA verifies that the Cr2O3 NPs are thermally stable upto 1000 °C.

Keywords: Nanaoparticles; chromium oxide; TEM; metal oxides; XRD analysis.

[1]. Xu J. Z.; Zhu J. J.; Wang H.; Chen H. Y.; Analytical Letters, 2003, 36, 2723-2733.

[2]. Lv W. Z.; Liu B.; Luo Z. K.; Ren X. Z.; Zhang P. X.; Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2008, 465, 261-264.

[3]. Zhou W.; Wachs I. E.; Kiely C. J.; Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science, 2012, 16, 10-22.

[4]. Altincekic T. G.; Boz I.; Aktürk S.; Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 2008, 8, 874-877.

[5]. Zhou J.; Song H.; Chen X.; Zhi L.; Yang S.; Huo J.; Yang W.; Chemistry of Materials, 2009, 21, 2935–2940.

[6]. Yang M.; He J.; Hu X.; Yan C.; Cheng Z.; Zhao Y.; Zuo G.; Surface and Interface Physics papers in Physics, ASurface and interface Physics papers A, 2011, 155, 692-698..

Abstract: We all know, bulk component – proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids are required for growth and development of living cells. Balanced diet is needed for disease free development some special foods were known for curing symptoms of disease since ambiguity. F.G. Hopkins in 1912 in England proved through experiment that animals requires more than proteins, fat and carbohydrates in the diet, for normal growth. He called them "Accessory factors." The findings were supported by Casimir Funk in the same year, who coined the term "Vitamine‟ for these essential accessory factors. Later on, it was F.V. Mc Collum of united states, discovered the young rats requires both fat soluble and water soluble growth factors. In the mid 1930, various forms of Vitamins B were isolated and their functions become visible to us.

[1]. Vitamin and Mineral Safety, 2nd Edition by John N. Hathcock.
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Abstract:2-(2-Chlorophenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazolederivatives were prepared by condensing2-(2-Chlorophenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole with different heterocycles.The synthesized derivatives were characterized by IR,1H NMR,13C NMR,massand elemental analysis. The compounds were screened for in vitro and microbial activity against panel of selected gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains using Ciprofloxacin as standard and molecular docking done with a Biotin carboxylase from E. Coli PDB CODE(3JZI).

Keywords: 2-(2-Chlorophenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole; Antimicrobial agents;ciprofloxacin:Molecular docking:

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Abstract: The production of crude oils is normally in remotes areas and pipelines are the most energy efficient way of transporting it. The crude oils being very viscous on extraction have to go through some processing to enable them to be transported by pipeline. Fresh crude oil is relatively mobile; however at lower temperatures when it has to be transported long distances through pipelines, it gradually becomes thicker and sluggish hampering its flow properties by forming crystals of wax on its wall and making it difficult to pump. Some heavy crude oils are characterized by high viscosity, high content of asphaltenes, low quantity of paraffin components and appreciable amounts of sulphur. Therefore, it is important to minimize the viscosity of the heavy crude oil. One well-known method of alleviating the problem is to treat the crude oil with wax crystal modifier. There are several options available including chemical additives such as flow improvers, viscosity reducer, and pour point depressants (PPDs). This work involves the evaluation of triethanolamine (TEA) as pour point depressant and flow improver by changing the feed ratios. Niger-Delta crude oil was used to evaluate the efficiency of triethanolamine (TEA) as additive through measurements of pour point and viscosity of treated and untreated crude oil. Triethanolamine (TEA) interferes in the wax crystallization process thus modifying the crystal structure of the paraffin present in the crude oil resulting in lowering pour point and viscosity of the crude oil.

Keywords: Pour point, Pour point depressants, Viscosity, Flow improver, Asphaltenes, Triethanolamine (TEA),

[1]. Ajienka, J.A and Ikoku, C.V. (1997). Waxy Crude Oil handling in Nigeria: Practices, Problems and Prospects. Energy Source. 12(4), 463 – 478.
[2]. Anonymous, (2013). Oilfield Drilling and Exploration Chemicals: Pour Point Depressants. www.constol.co.in/pro_oil_ppd.asp. (June 23, 2013).
[3]. Atta, A.M., El-Ghazawy, R.A., Morsy, F.A., Ali, M.S.A. and Elmorsy, A. (2013). Synthesis and Characterization of Polymeric additives and their effect on flow properties of waxy Egyptians Crude Oil. Global Journal of Science Frontier Research Chemistry. 13(10), 21 – 27.
[4]. Castro, L.V., Flores, E., and Vazquez, F., (2012). Terpolymers as Flow Improvers for Mexican Crude Oils.
[5]. DOW, (2010). Product Safety Assessment: DOWTM Triethanolamine.
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[7]. Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (2013). Improvement of Crude Oils Flow Properties through the use of Locally Produced Polymeric Materials.

Abstract: The chloromethylation of m-xylene has been improved by using quaternary ammonium salts as phase transfer catalyst (PTC). The results obtained during chloromethylation by using quaternary ammonium salts have been optimized to give optimal values of [CH2O]/[m-xylene] = 2 at 90 min and 80 °C. This optimization gives relatively high yields of mono and di m-xylene. All the reaction products have been characterized by IR and Mass spectroscopy coupled to gas chromatography. The best catalyst was found to be C6H3(CH3)2[CH2N+(CH3)3]Cl with an optimal concentration of 0.07 mol.

Keywords: Chloromethylation, m-xylene, Phase transfer catalysis, Quaternary ammonium salt.

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Abstract: The quality of edible oils is an emerging factor to decide the quality of fried foods. Elevated temperature favours lipid oxidation. The edible oil is repeatedly used for deep frying at 1900C to 2000C, the physico-chemical characteristics of the edible oil get deteriorated. A critical evaluation of the degree of lipid oxidation and deterioration in the quality of oil is informative to use fried foods as hygienic or not. The present work mainly focused on the determination of the variation of peroxide value (PV) and p- anisidine value (p-AV) in correlation with FTIR spectra of frying oils used for frying chicken kebab and potato chips at 2000C ± 30C which contributes to the rancidity of frying oils. High peroxide value (soybean;20.96 meq / kg, sun flower; 21.05 meq / kg) and p- anisidine value(soybean; 0.15, sun flower; 0.16) with -OH stretching frequency 3470 cm-1of hydro peroxide contributes to the lipid oxidation product (Hydro peroxide). When the same oil was used fourth or fifth frying, the fried chicken and potato chips become dark in colour and absorbed more oil which leads digestive offsets. In the same time, fried potato chips sustain more oil within it and get rancid soon. The physico-chemical characteristics and FTIR spectra of frying oils decide the quality of oil to use for frying or liable to discard. Keywords: Edible oils, lipid oxidation, peroxide value, p-anisidine value, FTIR spectra.

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Abstract: Solution studies of the interaction of Me2Sn(IV)2+ and Me3Sn(IV)+ with catecholamines (L- dopa and L-tyrosine) in aqueous medium ( μ=0.05 ,0.10 and 0.15 M NaNO3 and Temperature = 20±1°C, 30±1°C and 40±1°C) are performed. The concentrationdistribution of the various complex species in solution is evaluated as a function of pH.SCOGS computer programme is used for computational analysis. The complex species formed are water soluble in the pH range 2.8–10.5. In all of the studied systems, no polymeric species are detected in the experimental range. Thermodynamic stability constants along with thermodynamic parameters i.e. standard free energy change (ΔGº) enthalpy change (ΔHº) and entropy change(ΔSº) are calculated for all the systems. It is observed that L-dopa interact more strongly than that of L- tyrosine with both Me2Sn(IV)2+ and Me3Sn(IV)+cations. Whereas, on the basis of metals it is concluded that complexes of Me2Sn(IV)2+are thermodynamically more stable than those of Me3Sn(IV)+ complexes. Me2Sn(IV)2+ and Me3Sn(IV)+stands for dimethyltin(IV) cation and trimethyltin(IV) cation.

Keywords: Catecholamines, organotin (IV) , SCOGS, Solution studies.

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Abstract: The purpose of method development of diphenhydramine HCl on Spectrophotometer is cost, time saving and also environment friendly method then HPLC method. When the same method perform on HPLC is highly expensive method because of the HPLC grade solvent is used for sample preparation and also long time required to run on HPLC. For the cost and time reduction method of diphenhydramine HCl transfer from HPLC to spectrophotometer. HPLC method is more accurate method as compare to spectrophotometer but highly expensive. In spectrophotometer water is use as a diluent. Water is universal solvent, easily available and less expensive as compare to HPLC grade solvent, no harmful effect on environmental then other solvent.

Keywords: DPH Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride HPLC High Performance Liquid Chromatography ICH International Conference on Harmonisation USP United States Pharmacopeia

[1]. Arun Arun Kumar Mishra, Arvind Kumar , Amrita Mishra, IJPSR (2010).
[2]. Development and validation of uv spectrophotometric method for estimation of diphenhydramine hydrochloride in soft gelatin capsule ijpsr (2010), Vol. 1, Issue 8 (Suppl.)
[3]. Basavaiah K., & Charan V. S. (2003). Precipitation and complex formation reactions based titrimetric and spectrophotometric methods for the determination of diphenhydramine hydrochloride. Indian Journal of chemical technology. 10, 382-385.

Abstract: Binary mixtures of room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) viz.1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [C4mim][BF4], 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [C4mmim][BF4] and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazoliumoctylsulfate[C4mim][C8OSO3] with 1,2-propanediol have been prepared. Different, assorted techniques like 1H NMR, FTIR have been used to analyze the microscopic behavior of all the binary mixtures on whole composition range. The data obtained analyzed to different interactions determine the effect of (i) cation and (ii) anion of ionic liquid. These techniques have been used to scrutinize the molecular level interactions between the binary mixtures and very valuable to spot the influence on the structural alterations in the ionic liquid.

Keywords: Ionic liquids, 1,2-propanediol, Binary mixtures, FTIR, 1H NMR.

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