Volume-8 ~ Issue-4 ~ April-2015

Abstract: n- Hexane defatted leaf of Mitracarpushirtus was extracted with Methanol. The extracts were screened for the active components present. The N-hexane extract showed the presence of Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Saponin, Tannin, Glycoside, Anthraquinone, Resins and Steroids while the Methanolic extract showed the presence of Flavonoids, Saponin and Tannin. Methanolic extract (6g) was chromatographed. The flavonoid fraction was isolated using Column Chromatography over Silica gel Column (230-400 mesh) and eluted with the solvent mixture of CH3C1/CH3OH/H2O in the ratio (70:30:1 V/V). The Flavonoid fraction collected was purified using re-crystallization method and a yield of 17.90% was obtained.

Key Word: Isolation, Flavonoids, Mitracarpushirtus

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[2]. David O. K. andEmma L. W. Herbal Extracts and Phytochemicals: Plant Secondary Metabolites and the Enhancement of Human Brain Function (2011).Journal ofAdvNutrvol. 2: 32-50.
[3]. Del-Rio A., Obdulilio BG, Castillo J. Marin F. G., and Ortinno A. (1997). Uses and properties of Citrus flavonoids. J. Agric food chem. 45:4505-4515.
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Abstract: The Methanol extract of Bryothyllum pinnatum was phytochemically screened for the active ingredients present. The extract was also tested for its inhibitory effect against Candida Albicans and Salmonela Typhi. The result showed that the extract contains Alkaloids, Tannins, Saponins, Cardiac Glycosides and Flavonoids. The extract was also found to inhibit the growth of both Candida Albicans and Salmonela Typhiwith a minium concentration of 20% v/v.

Key Word: Extraction, Phytochemical, Screening, Bryophyllum pinnatum

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[8]. Del-Rio A., Obdulilio BG, Castillo J. Marin F. G., and Ortinno A. (1997). Uses and properties of Citrus flavonoids. J. Agric food chem. 45:4505-4515.

Abstract: Corrosion inhibition behaviour of a new class of isoniazide derivatives on mild steel in 0.5 M HCl was evaluated by electrochemical and non-electrochemical techniques. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm model was taken into account since equilibrium adsorption of all the three corrosion inhibitors was found to obey this adsorption isotherm model. The difference in modes of adsorption and inhibition efficiency of these inhibitors depend on the chemical composition, molecular structure, nature of the metal surface and electrochemical potential values of metal-solution interface. Potentiodynamic polarization studies clearly revealed that all the three inhibitors are off mixed type. Various thermodynamic parameters for the adsorption of these inhibitors on mild steel were computed and discussed. Electrochemical measurements and mass loss measurements are in good agreement with each other. The equilibrium adsorption mechanisms and morphological studies of inhibited and uninhibited metal surfaces were examined by FTIR, EDX and SEM analyses.

Keywords: Adsorption, Corrosion, Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Isoniazide derivatives, Mild steel, Potentiodynamic polarization

[1]. A.M. Fekry, and R.R. Mohamed, Electrochim. Acta, 55, 1933, 2010.
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Abstract: The use of Tea (Camellia sinensis) Seed Shell (TSS) for the removal of Pb (II) and Zn (II) ions from aqueous solution was studied. The effect of contact time, pH, and adsorbent dose were evaluated and the results indicate that optimum adsorption occurred at pH 4 and 5 for Zn (II) and Pb (II) respectively. Kinetic, mechanisms, and thermodynamic parameters have been estimated. Result shows that Pseudo- second order favored the adsorption process with R2 values of 0.999 and 0.9997 for Pb (II) and Zn (II) ions respectively. Weber and Morris Intraparticle model gave a better fit with intraparticle rate constant, Kid of 94.47 and 89.65 min-1 for Pb (II) and Zn (II) ions respectively. Gibbs free energy, ΔGo, enthalpy change, ΔHo and entropy change, ΔSo values shows that the adsorption process of these metal ions onto tea seed shell (TSS) is feasible, endothermic, and spontaneous in nature. Regeneration of TSS was carried out using 0.2M HCl as eluent and reused for subsequent adsorptions-desorption cycles. These results indicate that Camellia sinensis seed shell can serve as a low cost adsorbent in scavenging Pb (II) and Zn (II) ions from solutions containing same. Keywords: Tea seed shell, lead, kinetics, adsorption, entropy, heat change

[1]. J.F Kouba and P. Zhuang, Colour removal for textile for textile dyeing wastewaters.Fluid/particle Sep. J., 1994, 7(3), 87-90.
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Abstract: The discharge of highly colored effluents into natural water bodies not only is aesthetically displeasing, but also impedes light penetration, thus upsetting biological processes within stream and thus required treatment before discharge into a water body. In the present study, fly ash generated from coal based thermal powers station had been converted into a low-cost adsorbent and characterized for by SEM, EDEX, XRD and FTIR. It was used as low cost adsorbent for the removal of Safranin dye from wastewater of textile industry. Batch studies were carried out to study the effect of pH, adsorbent doses, adsorbate concentration, temperature and contact time. The results of batch studies revealed that the adsorption of Safranin was strongly pH dependent and maximum Safranin removal was observed at equilibrium pH of 9. Optimum adsorbent dose and contact time were found to be 20 g/l and 120 minutes respectively.

[1]. [1] A.R. Gregory, S. Elliot and P. Kluge, Ames testing of direct black 3B parallel carcinogenicity, Journal of Applied Toxicology, 1, 1991, 308-313. [2]. [2] Xiaoying Jin, Ming-qin Jiang, Xaio-quan Shan, Zhi-guo Pei and ZuliangChen, Adsorption of methylene blue and orange II onto unmodified and surfactant-modified zeolite. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 328, 2008, 243-247. [3]. [3] S. Wang and Z.H. Zhu, Characterisation and environmental application of an Australian natural zeolite for basic dye removal from aqueous solution, Journal of hazardous materials 136 (3), 2006, 946-952
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Abstract: Industrial activities discharge their effluents containing heavy metals without treatment. The removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr VI) from wastewater is necessary as it is a carcinogen. The aim of this work is to study the removal of (Cr VI) from single ion solution using adsorption technique. Some plant based biomass wastes were tested as biosorbents for Cr (VI) from aqueous solutions. These wastes are cotton stalk wastes (CSW), and rice straw wastes (RSW). Batch scale experiments using Cr (VI) individual single ion solutions were carried out to test the main biosorption parameters such as pH, adsorbent concentration, initial adsorbate concentration, adsorbent particle size and the kinetics of biosorption. The process was pH dependant with an optimal at pH 2 for the tested biosorbents. The capacity of the studied biosorbents to bind chromium (VI) from individual solution was 17.13 and 7.47 mg g -1 for CSW and RSW respectively at 5.0 g l -1 adsorbent concentration and 300 mg l -1 adsorbate initial concentration. Experimental equilibrium data were fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. r2 for the relation was 0.9677 and 0.9220 for CSW and RSW respectively in regards to Langmuir isotherm.

Key words: Cotton stalks; Rice straw; Heavy metals; Hexavalent chromium; Adsorption isotherm

[1]. J. Ye, H. Yin, B. Mai, H. Peng, H. Qin, B. He, N. Zhang, Biosorption of chromium from aqueous solution and electroplating
wastewater using mixture of Candida lipolytica and dewatered sewage sludge, Bioresource Technology 101 (2010) 3893- 3902.
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coir pith, J. Hazard. Mater. 160 (2008) 56–62.
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Abstract: The new ligand2-(naphthalen-2-ylmethylene)-N-(4-(p-tolyl)thiazol-2-yl)hydrazinecarboxamide (L) prepared by the condensation of N-(4-(p-tolyl)thiazol-2-yl)hydrazinecarboxamide with 2-naphthaldehyde and its Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) complexes were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and various spectral techniques. Spectral analysis indicates octahedral geometry for all the complexes. The complexes have 1:2 stoichiometric ratio of the type [M(L)2Cl2]. The compounds were screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method.

Keywords: Antimicrobial, Powder XRD, Schiff base, Thiazole, Transition metal complexes

[1]. Y. Shibuya, K. Nabari, M. Kondo,S. Yasue, K. Maedo, F. Uchida, H. Kawaguchi, J. Chem. Lett. 37 (2008) 78. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 8, 2013 (11876)

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Abstract: The interaction ofCu (II) ,Co(II)and Ni(II) metal ions with 3-bromo-2-hydroxy-5-Methyl chalcone (L1) and 3-Bromo-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl benzoyl) -4-phenyl-1, 3-butadine chalcones (L2) have been studied at 0.1M ionic strength in 70% Dioxane-water mixture by Bjerrum method as adopted by Calvin and Wilson. It is observed that Sm(III) and Nd(III) metal ions from 1:1 and 1:2 complexes with ligands (L1 & L2). The data obtained were used to estimate and compare the values of proton-ligand stability constant (pk) and metal-legand stability constants (logK). The effect of substituents was studied from estimated data (pK & logK).

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Abstract: In this research was the study of corrosion inhibition of steel in hydrochloric acid using 2-methoxy methyl-benzyl amine concentrations ranging from 0.0001 -0.1 ppm and temperatures ranging from 313-333 K and using the methods of both weight loss and polarization. The results showed that the corrosion potential tends to mixed type between the anode and cathode, and this type of corrosion inhibitors is effective and good efficiency when increasing concentrations of inhibitor corrosion and less efficiency increase of temperature as well as the calculation of thermodynamic factors such as the energies of both the activation, enthalpy, entropy and free of adsorption and showed good results and also kind of adsorption is chemical to the surface of the metal.

Keywords: corrosion, 2-methoxy methyl-benzyl amine, HCl, polarization, weight loss, potential

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