IOSR-JAP   Volume-8 ~ Issue-3 ~ May-June 2016

ABSTRACT: Ammonium dihydrogen orthophosphate (ADP) crystals were grown with amino acid Glycine as an additive in different molar concentrations. Addition of Amino acid has increased the quality of the crystals and yields highly transparent crystals. XRD analysis reveals that the crystalline perfection of Glycine doped crystals is extremely good without having any internal structural grain boundaries. FTIR studies were performed to identify various functional groups present in the crystal. The large optical transmission in the entire visible region enables it to be a good candidate for electro-optic and NLO applications.

Keywords: ADP, FTIR, Glycine, Optical transmission, XRD

[1] N. P. Rajesh, K. Meera, K. Srinivasan, P. Santhana Raghavan, & P. Ramasamy, J. Cryst. Growth, 213, 2000, 389-394.
[2] J. Podder, J. Cryst. Growth, 237-239, 2002, 70-75.
[3] R. J.Davey, & J. W. Mullin, J. Cryst. Growth, 26, 1974, 45-51.
[4] A. Boukhris, M. Souhassou, C. Lecomte, B. Wyneke & A. Thalal, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, 10, 1998, 1621-1626.
[5] Dongli Xu, Dongfeng Xue, Henryk Ratajczak, J. Mol. Struct., 740, 2005, 37.

ABSTRACT: In this paper a new version of the Grand Unified Theory GUT is presented. By using the Schwarzschild solution of the gravitational equation by Einstein and using a Riemann-Christoffel tensor together with Christoffel symbols of general relativity, a useful potential function is obtained. By combining the Schwarzschild solution with quaternions, a solution is obtained of the extended t-parameter Einstein energy tensor...............

Keywords: Astrophysics, Theory of Relativity, Theory of Everything, Universal Formula, Atomic, Nuclear - and Molecular physics, Linear Space and Flat Space Time.

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[4]. Einstein, A., (1916), Ann. Physik, 49, 769
[5]. Barrera,T.,Thelin,B.,IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) Vol 7 (5) p.64 (2015)

ABSTRACT: Nanocomposite powder containing Zinc oxide and carbon nano particles (ZnO/CNPs) has been synthesized by a cost effective hot nickel plate assisted simplified spray pyrolysis method using zinc acetate dihydrate as host precursor source and sugar as carbon source. The structure, optical properties and morphologies of ZnOnanoflakes have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–Vis spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy.........

Keywords: Antibacterial study, Nano composite, Optical properties, Spray Pyrolysis, Structural Properties.

[1]. S. J. Pearson, D. P. N. Orton, K. I., Y. W. Hoe, T. Steiner, Prog. Mat. Sci., 50, 2005, , 293.O. Dulub, L. A. Boatner, U. Diebold, Surf. Sci., 519, 2002, 201.
[2]. Fan Xi-Mei, Zhou Zuo-Wan, Wang Jie and TianKe, Trans. Nanoferrous Met. Soc.China., 21, 2011, 2056.
[3]. Mansidhingra, Lalit Kumar, SadhnaShrivastava, P. Senthil Kumar and S. Annapoorni, Bull.Mater. Sci., 36, 2013, 647 .
[4]. E. H. Kisi, M. M. Elcombe, ActaCryst., 45,1989, 1867.
[5]. J. E. Jaffe, A. C. Hess, Phys. Rev., 48, 1993, 7903.

ABSTRACT: The microwave properties of Wide Band Gap (WBG) 4H-SiC single drift region (n++np++) IMPATT diode have been studied over well studied and established Si diode counterpart at an experimental current of 25 mA at 300K and at X band [1]. The results on the electric field characteristics, negative resistivity profiles in the depletion region and the frequency dependence of conductance vssusceptance profiles indicate a sharp.........

Keywords: IMPATT diode, 4H-SiC, WBG, X band.

[1]. M.Mitra, M. Das, S. Kar, and S. K. Roy, A study of the electrical series resistance of Silicon IMPATT diodes, IEEE Trans Electron Devices, 40, 1993, 1890-1893.
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[3]. M. Mukherjee, N. Mazumder and S. K. Roy, Photosensitivity analysis of Gallium Nitride and Silicon Carbide terahertz IMPATT oscillator: Comparison of theoretical reliability and study on experimental feasibility, IEEE Transactions on Device and Material Reliability, Vol.8, No. 3,2008, 608-620
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ABSTRACT: Ground water sample of Dumka was sent to Beta Analytic Inc.,Miami,Florida,USA for determination of radiocarbon age of the sample. The age determined is around 3340 B.P. It s age and pMC value have been compared in this study with the other ground water samples with regional variations.

[1]. Hoque Mohammad A., Burgess William G., 2012, 14C dating of deep ground water in the Bengal Aquifer System, Bangladesh: Implication for aquifer anisotropy, recharge sources and sustainability, Journal of Hydrology (444-445) (2012), 209-220.
[2]. Aggarwal, P.K., Basu, A.R., Poreda, R.J., Kulkarni, K.M., Froehlich, K., Tarafdar, S.A., Ali, M., Ahmed, N., Hossain, A., Rahman, M., Ahmed, S.R., 2000, A Report on Isotope Hydrology of Groundwater in Bangladesh: Implications for Characterization and Mitigation of Arsenic in Ground water. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna.
[3]. Mukherjee, A., Fryar, A.E., Rowell, P.D., 2007 a, Regional-scale Stable isotopic Signatures of recharge and deep groundwater in the arsenic affected areas of West Bengal. Journal of Hydrology, 334, 151-161.
[4]. Ventura Country, California, US Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Report 97-4035.12.P.

ABSTRACT: Nanocomposite powder containing Zinc oxide and carbon nano particles (ZnO/CNPs) has been synthesized by a cost effective hot nickel plate assisted simplified spray pyrolysis method using zinc acetate dihydrate as host precursor source and sugar as carbon source. The structure, optical properties and morphologies of ZnOnanoflakes have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–Vis spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX)..........

Keywords: Antibacterial study, Nano composite, Optical properties, Spray Pyrolysis, Structural Properties.

[1]. S. J. Pearson, D. P. N. Orton, K. I., Y. W. Hoe, T. Steiner, Prog. Mat. Sci., 50, 2005, , 293.O. Dulub, L. A. Boatner, U. Diebold, Surf. Sci., 519, 2002, 201.
[2]. Fan Xi-Mei, Zhou Zuo-Wan, Wang Jie and TianKe, Trans. Nanoferrous Met. Soc.China., 21, 2011, 2056.
[3]. Mansidhingra, Lalit Kumar, SadhnaShrivastava, P. Senthil Kumar and S. Annapoorni, Bull.Mater. Sci., 36, 2013, 647 .
[4]. E. H. Kisi, M. M. Elcombe, ActaCryst., 45,1989, 1867.
[5]. J. E. Jaffe, A. C. Hess, Phys. Rev., 48, 1993, 7903.

ABSTRACT: We investigate the propagation characteristics of Ion-acoustic solitons and double layers in a five component cometary plasma consisting of positively and negatively charged oxygen ions, kappa described hydrogen ions, hot solar electrons, and slightly colder cometary electrons. The KdV and modified KdV equations are derived for the system and its solutios plotted for different kappa values and negatively charged oxygen ion densities..........

Keywords:Cometary multi-ion plasma, Ion-Acoustic solitary wave, Double layers, Modified KdV equation

[1]. P. K. Shukla and A. A. Mamun, Dust-acoustic shocks in a strongly coupled dusty plasma, IEEE Tr. PS., 29, 2001, 221.
[2]. A. Mamun, B. Eliasson and P. K. Shukla, Dust-acoustic solitary and shock waves in a strongly coupled liquid state dusty plasma with a vortex-like ion distribution, Phys. Letters A, 332, 2004, 412.
[3]. S. Ghosh and M. R. Gupta, Charging-delay effect on longitudinal dust acoustic shock wave in strongly coupled dusty plasma, Phys. Plasmas, 12, 2005, 092306.
[4]. H. R. Pakzad, Dust acoustic shock waves in strongly coupled dusty plasmas with kappa-distributed ions, Ind. J. Phys. 86, 2012, 743.
[5]. S. Ghosh, Effect of nonplanar geometry on ion acoustic solitary waves in presence of ionization in collisional dusty plasma, Phys. Lett. A, 337, 2005, 425.

ABSTRACT: In this paper the problem of the unified field theory had explained and in the field of cosmology. By painstaking comparing the two greatest different theories,like wise in nature we often see the left hand and the right hand they work in synchronization,in terms of the universe we have the world of the very small (Quantum theory) and the world of the very big (theory of relativity)........

Keywords: Fundamental problem, Unified field theory,Quantum mechanics, General relativity,string theory.

[1] Oyibo.G.A (2001).Grand unified theorem,with subtitle representation of the unified theory or the theory of everything Nova science publishers New york.
[2] Oyibo.G.A (2004).Discovery of the theory of everything, Nova science publishers New York.
[3] Hawking. W.Stephen. (2005).The theory of everything; the origin and fate of the universe.
[4] Hawking,S.Mlodinow L.(2010). The grand Design
[5] Werner.H (1930).Physical principle of quantum theory.

ABSTRACT: The bulk heterojunction organic solar cell has been electrically simulated by OPVDM software at different series resistances and different device temperatures. Organic bulk heterojunction solar cell consists of mixture of P3HT and PCBM as active layer materials, ITO is a transparent electrode, PEDOT: PSS is electron blocking layer and Al is a back electrode.........

Keywords: OPVDM software, Series resistance, temperature, Bulk heterojunction, Organic solar cell.

[1] S.C Jain, M. Willander and V. Kumar, Conducting organic material and devices (Academic, San Diego, 2007).
[2] W. J. Belcher, K. I. Wagner, and P. C. Dastoor, The effect of porphyrin inclusion on the spectral response of ternary P3HT:porphyrin:PCBM bulk heterojunction solar cells, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 91 (2007) 447-452.
[3] G. Yu, J. Gao, J. C. Hummelen, F. Wudl, and A. J. Heeger, Polymer photovoltaic cells: Enhanced efficiencies via a network of internal donor-acceptor heterojunctions, Science 270 (1995) 1789-1791
[4] F. Padinger, R. S. Ritterberger, and N. S. Sariciftci, Effects of postproduction treatment on plastic solar cells, Adv. Funct. Mater. 13 (2003) 85-88.
[5] Y. Kim, S. Cook, S. M. Tuladhar, S. A. Choulis, J. Nelson, J. R. Durrant, D. D. C. Bradley, M. Giles, I. McCulloch, C. S. Ha, and M. Ree, A strong regioregularity effect in self-organizing conjugated polymer films and high-efficiency polythiophene:fullerene solar cells, Nat. Mater. 5 (2006) 197-203.

ABSTRACT: Polyaniline synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline. Subsequently, the nanocomposites of polyaniline/ZnS was prepared using different weight percentage of ZnS like 5% 10%, 15%, 20% & 25%. The dc electrical conductivity was measured using Four Probe method. The temperature dependent dc electrical conductivity increased with increase in weight percentages of ZnS in nanocomposite.

Keywords: Polyaniline, Chemical synthesis, ZnS, Electrical conductivity.

[1]. G. Premamoy, K.S. Samir, C. Amit, Eur. Polym. J. 35 (1999) 699.
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ABSTRACT: Vanadium doped zinc telluride thin films (ZnTe:V) of various vanadium compositions were prepared onto glass substrate by e-beam evaporation technique in vacuum at 8×10-4 Pa. The deposition rate of the films was maintained at 2.052 nms-1. Prepared thin films were examined by x-ray diffraction technique and the film structures were exhibited mixed crystalline in nature. Electrical and optical properties of ZnTe:V thin films were studied in detail for various vanadium compositions.....

Keywords:ZnTe:V thin films, E-beam technique, Activation energy, Electrical conductivity, Optical parameters, Electronic band structure

[1] B. Bozzini, M. A. Baker, P. L. Cavallotti, E. Cerri and C. Lenardi, Electrodeposition of ZnTe for Photovoltaic Cells, Thin Solid Films 361-362, 2000, 388-395.

[2] A. S. Arico, Electrodoposited thin films ZnTe semiconductors for photovoltaic applications, Advanced Performance Materials, 4, 115 (1997).

[3] A. J. Nozik, and R. Memming, Physical chemistry of semiconductor-liquid interfaces, Journal of Physical Chemistry,100(31), 1996,13061-13078.

[4] J. O. M. Bockris, and K. Uosaki, The rate of photoelectrochemical evolution of hydrogen at p-type semiconductor, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 124(9), 1977, 1348-1355.

ABSTRACT: The distribution of natural gamma ray emitting 238U, 232Th and 40K radionuclides in River sediments along Imo river in Rivers State, Nigeria has been carried out using NaI (TI) gamma ray spectrometric technique. The mean activity concentration of radionuclides 238U, 232Th and 40K were 187.12 Bq kg -1, 38.62 Bq kg -1 and 180.59 Bq kg -1 respectively. Correlations made among these radionuclides prove the existence of secular equilibrium in the studied sediments......

Keywords: Sediments, radiological hazards, gamma ray spectrometry, gonald Radioactivity.

[1] Ajayi, Isaac R. (2008). Background radioactivity in the sediments of some rivers and streams in Akoko, Southwestern Nigeria and their Radiological effects. Research Journal of Applied Sciences 3(3) p183-188.
[2] Ajayi, J.O, Adedokun, O. and Balogun, B.B. (2012). Levels of Radionuclide Content in stream water of some selected rivers in Ogbomosho land, South West Nigeria. Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences 4(9) 835 – 837.
[3] Arogunjo, M. A, Farai, I.P. and Furape, I.A (2004). Impact of oil and gas industry to the natural radioactivity distribution in the Delta region of Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Physics 16, p131- 136.
[4] Avwiri, G.O. and Agbalagba, O.E, (2007). Survey of gross alpha and gross beta radionuclide activity in Okpara creek, Delta state, Nigeria. Asia Network for science Information Journal of Applied Science 7(22) p3542 – 3547.
[5] Avwiri, G. O., Egieya J. M. and Ononugbo, C. P. (2013). Radiometric survey of Aluu landfill in Rivers State, Nigeria. The International Institute for Science, Technology and Education, 22www.iiste.org