IOSR-JAVS   Volume-10 ~ Issue-10 ~ OCT-2017

ABSTRACT: The Shatt Al-Arab River suffered from deterioration in water quality due to seawater intrusion as a result of the decline in rate of discharge of freshwater during the recent years. Therefore, the ecological status of the river was evaluated by applying Fish Index of Biotic Integrity (F-IBI) during the period from November 2015 to October 2016. Fish were sampled monthly by different fishing gears from three sites on the river. The overall values of salinity in these sites were 1.2, 2.5 and 9.1‰, respectively. A total 111 fish species belonging to 50 families were collected, 15 of them were native, 13 exotic and 83 marine species. F-IBI scores were calculated from 16 separate assemblage metrics based on the species richness, species composition and trophic groups. Therefore, the F-IBI values showed clear longitudinal gradient in the river, its ecological health ranged from poor in the upper reaches to fair in the middle and lower reaches.

Keywords: F-IBI, ecological health, fish assemblage, Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq

[1] Abdullah, A.D., Karim, U.F.A., Masih, I., Popescu, I. and Zaag, P.V. 2016. Anthropogenic and tidal influences on salinity levels of the Shatt al-Arab River, Basra, Iraq. International Journal of River Basin Management. 14: 357-366.
[2] Alaidani, M.A.T. 2014. The change in the geographic and agricultural properties impacts in the province of Basra, MSc. Thesis, Basrah University, College of Education Sciences.
[3] Al-Hassan, L.A.J., Hussain, N.A., Soud, K.D. 1989. A preliminary annotated checklist of the fishes of Shatt Al-Arab River, Basrah, Iraq. Pol. Arch. Hydrobiol. J. 36: 283-288.
[4] Al-Lami, O.R.T. 2009. Some marine properties for Arabian Gulf on north part's hydrology of Shatt Al-Arab riverbed. MSc. Thesis, Basrah University, Basrah, Iraq.
[5] Al-Mahmood, H.K.H, Hassan, W.F., Alhello, A.Z.A., Hammood, A.I. and Muhson, N.K. 2015. Impact of low discharge and drought of the water quality of the Shatt Al-Arab and Al-Basrah Rivers (south of Iraq). J. Int. Acad. Res. Multidisciplinary. 3(1): 285-296.

ABSTRACT: Cedrela fissilis Vell is known as cedar, is an arboreal species and has great economic importance due to its extensive use. The seeds are the way to spread more used in the deployment of forests, so important to the knowledge of the physiological maturity. The research aimed to verify if the degree of maturation of the seeds of C. fissilis influences in their quality, by means of tests of germination and seed vigor. The seeds were classified into three stages of maturation, determined in accordance with the Charter of colors: 5 YR 6/8; 5 YR 4/6 and 2.5 YR 3/4. To verify the effects of maturation stages, carried out the following: weight of a thousand seeds, germination test, accelerated aging and performance of seedlings. The experimental design was a completely randomized..............

Keywords: Cedar, forest seeds, physiological maturity, potential physiological.

[1] J. A. Jarenkow, J. C. Budke, Padrões florísticos e análise estrutural de remanescentes florestais com Araucaria angustifolia no Brasil, in C. S. D. Fonseca, A. F. Souza, A. M. L. Zanchet, T. Dutra, A. Backes, G. M. S. G (Ed), Floresta com Araucária: ecologia, conservação e desenvolvimento sustentável, (Ribeirão Preto: Holos, 2009) 113-126.
[2] C. M. Sakuragui, M. V. Stefano, L. S. B. Calazans, Lista de Espécies da Flora do Brasil (Rio de Janeiro: Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, 2013).
[3] P. S. S. Leles, A. C. Lisboa, S. N. Oliveira Neto, M. N. Grugiki, M. A. Ferreira, Qualidade de mudas de quatro espécies florestais produzidas em diferentes tubetes, Floresta e Ambiente, 13 (1), 2006, 69-78.
[4] M. N. G. Melloni, Determinação do número cromossômico de espécies arbóreas nativas com potencial madeireiro, dissertação mestrado, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, SP, 2010.
[5] M. Lazarotto, M. F. B. Muniz, R. Beltrame, A. F. Santos, M. M. Maraújo, Tratamentos biológico e químico em sementes de Cedrela fissilis para controle de Rhizoctonia sp, Revista Cerne, 19 (1), 2013, 169-175.

ABSTRACT: Series of laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted to study the effects of bacteria, nitrogen + phosphorus and the herbicide imazethapyr, on O. crenata in faba bean. Laboratory experiments results showed that all treatments significantly inhibited O. crenata germination and haustorium initiation. The combinations of BMP+TAL1399 and BMP+USDA2478 with fertilizers dose (1N+1PμM) reduced germination in a range of 83.16-86.25%. The combinations of BMP+USDA2478 or BMP+TAL1399 with imazethapyr (100%) reduced haustoria in a range of 79.2-82.6%. In the two greenhouse experiments, all treatments delayed and significantly decreased O. crenata incidence. In the first experiment, combinations of strains BMP+USDA2478 with different fertilizers.............

Keywords: Broomrape, biofertilizer, chemical fertilizer, faba bean, pursuit

[1] E.G. Mariam, and S. Rungsit, Effect of nitrogen fertilizers on branched broomrape (Orobanche ramosa L.) in tomato (Lycopersicon
esculentum Mill.), Kasetsart Journal of Nature Science. 38, 2004, 311-319.
[2] S. Pradhan, and M.R. Pokhrel, Spectrophotometric determination of phosphate in sugarcane juice, fertilizer, detergent and water
samples by molybdenum blue method. Scientific World. 11(11), 2013, 58-62.
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microbs. in M.S. Khan, A. Zaidi and J. Mussarat (Ed.). Microbial strategies for crop improvement. (Berlin: Springer Heidelberg,
2009) 23-50.
[4] M.A. Jorquera, M.T. Hernandez, Z. Rengel, P. Marschner, and M. de la Luz Mora. Isolation of culturable phosphobacteria with
both phytate-mineralization and phosphate-solubilization activity from the rhizosphere of plants grown in a volcanic soil, Biology
and Fertility of Soils. 44(8), 2008,1025-1034.
[5] A.A. Khan, G. Jilani, M.S. Akhtar, S.M.S. Naqvi, and M. Rasheed. Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria: occurrence, mechanisms and
their role in crop production, J. Agric. Biol. Sci., 1(1), 2009, 48-58..

ABSTRACT: A field experiment was carried out in Horticulture Department / Collage of Agriculture/University of Baghdad to study influence of adding ascorbic acid(asa) and bread yeast extract in snap bean cv.primel under irrigation with saline water using sodium chloride salt (NaCl) during spring season of 2016 .A factorial experiment using Randomized Complete Block Design( RCBD) with three replications were conducted . The first factor includes three treatments of salinity which were tap water ( S0), 4ds.m-1(S1) and 8ds.m-1 (S2) . The second factor includes three treatments which were control treatment without any adding (C) ,ascorbic acid 0.3g.l-1( A ) and yeast extract 12g.l -1( Y ). Results showed significant and gradually decreases in all studied traits of vegetative growth , yield , leaves content of prolien and rhizobia viability by increasing salinity level. The superiority of yeast extract ( Y ) adding was observed.............

Keywords: Bean production, Rhizobium, Salinity stress, Yeast.

[1]. Abdi N, Bargaz A, Bouraoui M, Ltaief B, Ghoulam C , Sifi B .2012. Symbiotic responses to insoluble phosphorus supply in
common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.): Rhizobia symbiosis. Afr. Jour Biotech 11(19): 4360-4367
[2]. Abdi, N. ; I.Hmissi, , M. Bouraoui, , B.Ltaief, and B. Sifi. 2015 . Effect of salinity on Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)-
Sinorhizobium strain symbiosis. Journal of new sciences, Agriculture and Biotechnology, 16(3), 559-566
[3]. Abou El-Yazied, A. and M.A. Mady. 2011. Effect of naphthalene acetic acid and yeast extract on growth and productivity of tomato
(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)plants. Research Journal of Agriculture and biological Sciences, 7(2): 271-281.
[4]. Ahmad, M. ; Z. A. Zahir ; H. N. Asghar and M. Arshad. 2012. The combined application of rhizobial strains and plant growth
promoting rhizobacteria improves growth and productivity of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) under salt-stressed conditions. Ann
Microbiol. 62:1321–1330
[5]. Athar, H.R., A.khan and M.Ashraf. 2009. Inducing salt tolerance in wheat by exogenously applied ascorbic acid through different
modes. J Plant Nutr 32(11):1799–1817..

ABSTRACT: This research was done on determining the best rootstock(s) on two varieties of greenhouse cucumbers in Vegetable Research Center in Karaj [Iran]. The research trial plan was factorial based on CRD in three replications. Ten days after the planting, 11 varieties of squash seeds rootstocks and two varieties of greenhouse cucumber seeds named "Soltan and Extreme" were planted as scions, then the scions varieties were grafted on the mentioned rootstocks by approach method. Two days after grafting and recording the jointing percentage, grafted transplant was planted in greenhouse. About 40 days after planting and at the time of maximum plant growth, the growth traits such as plant height, stem diameter and the number of nodes were recorded for each plant, then in beginning............

Keywords: Greenhouse cucumber, Scions, Rootstock, Growth trait, Fruit.

[1]. Edelstein , M. 2004 . Grafting vegetable crop plants: Pros and Cons . Acta Hort. (ISHS), 659: 235-238.
[2]. -Lee, J. M., Bang, H. J. and Ham, H. S. 1998. Grafting of vegetables . J Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci.67(6):1098-1114.
[3]. Anonymous. 2012. Agriculture statistics yearbook. Agriculture jihad Ministry. Statistic and information technology . (In Persian)
[4]. Sakata, Y., Sugiyama, M., Ohara, T., and Morishita, M. 2006. Influence of rootstocks on the resistance of grafted cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.) scions to powdery mildew. J. Japan Soc. Hort. Sci. , 75 (2), 135-140.
[5]. Khan , E. M., kakara, E. , Mavromatis, A. , Chachalis, D. and Coulas, C. 2006 . Effect , F grafting on growth and yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) in green house 3- 7...

ABSTRACT: This study aims to analyze the impact of changes in feed prices on household income of broiler farmers. This study aimed to analyze the impact of feed price changes on the income of small-holding broiler farm households. The method employed in this study was the survey method. It used both primary and secondary data. The results of the analysis demonstrated if there were an increased feed price margin between livestock farming companies and small-holding farms, it would be responded by the small-holding farms by decreasing the production of broiler meat. The decreased broiler meat production as a result of increased feed prices would affect the production decisions of small.............

Keywords: margin, feed, production, income.

[1]. Daryanto, A., Saptana. 2010. Impact of DKI Government Policy in Poultry Sector on the Chicken Meat Avaibility in Jakarta: Coorporation Management and Business IPB and Indonesian Center for Agricultural Socio Economics, Bogor.
[2]. Edward, A. 2008. Market Model of Corn, Feed and Chicken Meat in Indonesia. A Simulation Analysis [thesis]. IPB. Bogor.
[3]. Fitriani, A. 2006. Analysis of Structure, Conduct, and Performance of Poultry Feed Industry in Lampung and West Java [thesis]. IPB. Bogor.
[4]. Indarsih, B., M.H. Tamsil, M.P., Nugroho. 2010. A Study of Contract Broiler Production in Lombok, NTB: An Opportunity of Introducing Syariah Partnership. Med. Pet. 33:124-130.
[5]. Kariyasa, I. & B.M. Sinaga. 2007. Feed and Chicken Meat Markets Behaviour Analysis in Indonesia: Simultaneous Econometric Model Approach. Journal on Socio-Economics of Agriculture and Agribusiness (SOCA) 7:158-166..

ABSTRACT: The Metarhizium anisopliae MCC0051 is a potent, entomopathogenic fungal strain with a wide range of activity against the insect pests. Insect bioassay using of Helicoverpa armigera as a host insect has showed a final mortality above 100% within 8 days. Various agricultural grain brokens were studied to arrive an optimum substrate for Aerial conidia production of Metarhizium anisopliae in Solid Substrate Fermentation. Rice brokens, Wheat brokens, Sorghum brokens, Maize grit and Wheat bran were evaluated. Among all substrates, Rice brokens supported maximum spore production (6.5 x 109 conidia/g of substrate).

Keywords: Agricultural grain wastes, Helicoverpa armigera, Insect assay, Metarhizium anisopliae, Solid substrate fermentation..

[1] Kimberly Moon San Aw and Seow Mun Hue, Mode of Infection of Metarhizium spp. Fungus and Their Potential as Biological Control Agents, Journal of Fungi, 2017,3,30.
[2] Faria M, Wraight SP, Biological control of Bemicia tabaci with fungi. Crop Protection 20, 767-778.
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[4] P. A. Shah · J. K. Pell, Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 2013, 61:413–423.
[5] F. V. Vega, "Insect pathology and Fungal Endophytes," Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, Vol. 98, No. 3, 2008, pp. 277-279.

ABSTRACT: Fusarium oxysporum was isolated from the wilt affected tomato plants in a farm in Sadasivapet, Telangana by characterization and morphological properties. Several Trichoderma spp. (RSTV01, RSTV02, RSTV03, RSTV04 and RSTV05) were isolated from agricultural lands in the vicinity of Sangareddy and antagonistic activity of these isolates was studied on the above isolated Fusarium oxysporum. Of all these 5 Strains RSTV04 was found to have good inhibition on growth of Fusarium oxysporum. 18S ribosomal RNA sequencing was done for RSTV04 and was identified as Trichoderma asperellum. In present study, different cost effective agricultural residues and additives...........

Keywords: Antagonistic activity, Different agricultural residues, Fusarium oxysporum, Tomato wilt, Trichoderma asperellum.

[1] Kumar S, Gupta OM. Expanding dimension of Plant Pathology.JNKVV Res. J. 46(3),2012, 286-293.
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[5] LalSahab Yadav, Antagonistic activity of Trichoderma sp and evaluation of various agro wastes for mass production, Indian Journal of Plant Sciences Vol. 1 (1), 2012,109-112.

ABSTRACT: Afield experiment was conducted at the field of Field Crop Science, College of Agriculture, and University of Baghdad. The aimed of experiment were to estimate the genetic variation , average degree of dominance, correlation between additive and dominance in all loci, broad sense and narrow sense heritability. Four crosses resulted from crossing between inbred of maize were evaluated by using randomized complete block design with four replications, for several traits of maize. Results showed that the genetic effects were greater than environment effect for all traits of all crosses. Dominance effects were more than additive effect for some..........

[1]. Burton,G.W.1951.Quantitative inheritance in pearl millet(Pennisetum glaucum).Agro.J.43:409-417.
[2]. Carlborg, O. and C. Haley.2008. Epistasis: too often neglected in complex trait studies. Nat. Rev. Genet. 5:618-625.
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[5]. Dorri,P., S.K. Kharasani and M. Shahrokhi. 2014. Generation mean analysis: A case study of variance components in KSC 500 generaions of maize (Zea mays L.). International Res. J. of Appl. And Basic Sci. 8(2): 194-200...

ABSTRACT: The recognition of sub lethal stresses on food borne microorganisms and their effect upon growth is very important. Escherichia coli was injured by heating at 57̊ c. Surviving cells from fresh chicken meat were recovered on nonselective tryptic soy agar supplemented with compounds that degrade hydrogen peroxide or block its formation. Various concentrations of the following compounds were tested: yeast extract, sodium pyruvate, n-propyl gallate. Sodium pyruvate and yeast extract, ferrous sulfate and potassium permanganate. Sodium pyruvate and yeast extract added to tryptic soya agar medium, significantly increased (P≤0.05) the recovering of injured cells. The rest of compound had variable effects on recovery of heat stressed cells but they weren't as efficiency as needed. It is therefore recommended that sodium pyruvate (0.5%) plus yeast extract (0.5%) to be used to supplement in the repair detection procedure............

Keywords: Escherichia coli, hydrogen peroxide, sodium pyruvate, tryptic soya agar, yeast extract

[1] Allawi, S.S., A.S.Ahmaed, and A.A Yaseen, 2012. Media Improvement for Detection Freezing Stressed Escherichia coli . Journal of Al-Nahrain University Sci. Vol.15 (4),173 -178.
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ABSTRACT: Here we study the expression of OsNHX1, OsNHX2,OsSOS1 and OsDREB transporter genes under different time points (control, 1h, 6h, 24h and 72h) of salinity stress (150mM NaCl). Upon NaCl stress, OsNHX1 and OsNHX2 transcripts were up-regulated till 1h up to 72h of salt stress, respectively in FR13A.Whereas, at BRRIdhan-29, expression of OsNHX1 was down regulated till 24h only up-regulated in 72h salt stress; and OsNHX2 expression was detected only control condition and undetected till 72h salt stress. Stable and higher expression of OsSOS1was found till 72h of salt stress in FR13A. Whereas, at BRRIdhan-29, expression of OsSOS1 was found in oh, 24h and in another time points was totally undetectable. The expression of OsDREB was detected at control condition and up regulated to 72h of salinity stress and remained stable in FR13A. The highest expression of OsDREB was observe............

Keywords: Salinity stress, Transport proteins, Plasmamembrane, Tonoplast, Compartmentation, Homeostasis

[1] Andrés Z, Perez-Hormaeche J, Leidi EO, Schlucking K, Steinhorst L, McLachlan DH, Schumacher K, Hetherington AM, Kudla J, Cubero B and Pardo JM. 2014. Control of vacuolar dynamics and regulation of stomatal aperture by tonoplast potassium uptake. ProcNatlAcadSci U S A 111:E1806-E1814.
[2] Demidchik V, Davenport RJ and Tester M. 2002. Non selective cation channels in plants. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 53:67-107.
[3] FekiKQuinteroFJPardoJMMasmoudi K. 2011. Regulation of durum wheat Na+/H+ exchanger TdSOS1 by phosphorylation. Plant Molecular Biology76, 545–556.
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ABSTRACT: The aim of the paper was to present the influence of plant density and different types of organic mulch on weed infestation and yield of Romain lettuce. The field experiment was carried out in 2014 in the experimental field of University of Forestry – Sofia, with Romaine lettuce cv. Yellow beauty. The seedlings were planted at a distance of 30 x 30 cm and two different schemes were tested: parallel planting to form a 4-row bed and a chess planting to form a 7-row bed. For the purpose of the study were used different organic mulches, which were waste products from organic.............

Keywords: barley straw mulch, grass windrow mulch, lettuce, weed infestation.

[1] Asaduzzaman M, Sultana Sh, Arfan Ali MD. 2010. Combined Effect of Mulch Materials andOrganic Manure on the Growth and Yield of Lettuce. American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 9 (5): 504-508
[2] Khazaei, I., R. Salehi, A. Kashi and S. M. Mirjalili, 2013. Improvement of lettuce growth and yield with spacing, mulching and organic fertilizer. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences, 6-16/1137-1143
[3] Moniruzzaman, M., 2006. Effects of Plant Spacing and Mulching on Yield and Profitability of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). J Agric Rural Dev 4(1&2), 107-111
[4] Sadeghi S, Rahnavard A, Ashrafi ZY. 2009.The effect of plant-density and sowing date on yield of Basil (Ocimumbasilicum L.) Journal of Agricultural Technology.5(2): 413-422.
[5] Aminifard MH, Aroiee H, Karimpour S, Nemati H. 2010. Growth and yield characteristics of pepper (Capsicum annum L.) in response to plant density. Asian journal of plant sciences. 9(5): 276-280..

ABSTRACT: The trials were carried out during 2015 and 2016 seasons on Flame Seedless grapevines grown in sandy soil under drip irrigation systems at Al-Khatatiba district, in El-Monoufia Governorate, Egypt. The aim of this research was to save irrigation water without any reduction of growth, productivity and quality of Flame Seedless grapevines. In this experiment irrigation systems were applied as follow; subsurface drip, surface drip and suspended drip irrigation named as (SD, D, PD respectively). Beside three level of irrigation (60, 80 and 100% of calculated applied water) named as (W1, W2 and W3). The obtained results cleared that: The most high uniform distribution of soil moisture contents is under PD, the highest soil moisture contents values are under (SD,W3), SD irrigation system underW2 water amount resulted the best number of leaves per shoot, leaf area, total chlorophyll content.......

Keywords: grapevine, drip, suspended drip, subsurface drip, water, sand.

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[5] Basile, B., Marsal, J., Mata, M., Valiverdu, X., Belivert, J. &Girona, J., 2011.Phenological sensitivity of Cabernet Sauvignon to water stress: Vine physiology and berry composition. Am. J. Enol. Vitic.62, 452-46 1...