IOSR-JAVS   Volume-10 ~ Issue-12 ~ Dec-2017

ABSTRACT: Salmonella pullorum were isolated from the broiler chicken samples Rose. 12 isolates were identified from a total of 69 samples and identified by conventional cultural, motility and morphological characteristics. And was confirmed by PCR and then prepare a vaccine using the method of freezing and thawing repeated and this method has a clear effect on the growth of bacteria. The second step was to give the bacteria as a vaccine for a total of 30 chicks at the age of 7 days. The second dose was repeated at 14 days, the histological changes of the cecum and liver were observed at 20 days, and the immunological tests DTH, PHA were performed after collecting serum samples at the age of 24 days. Both.............

Keywords: Salmonella pullorum, Immunological , Histopathologicaland Broiler

[1]. Barrow P. A and Freitas O. C (2011). Pullorum disease and fowl typhoid new thoughts on old diseases: a review. Avian Pathology, 40:1, 1-13.
[2]. Bhattacharyya DK, Rahman H and Murugkar HV (2004). Development and evaluation of Salmonella toxoid vaccine for poultry. Indian J. Animal Science ,74: 581-585.
[3]. Calcoit , P. H.; and R. A. Macleod (1974). Survival of Escherichio coli from freeze-thaw damage: a theoretical and practical study. Can. J . Microbiol. 20: 671 -681.
[4]. Ferdous J (2008). Immunogenicity study of DLS prepared Salmonella gallinarum vaccine in comparison to commercially available one in layer chicken. M.S. Thesis submitted to the Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, pp. 38- 39.
[5]. Foley S.L., Lynne A. M., Nayak R.(2008) .Salmonella challenges prevalence in swine and poultry and potential pathogenicity of such isolates, J. of Animal Science, 86)14(:149–162..

ABSTRACT: Boron (B) is an essential nutrient for normal growth of plants, and B availability in soil is an important determinant of agricultural production. To date, the function of B is undoubtedly its structural role in the cell wall; however, there is increasing evidence for a possible role of B in other processes such as the maintenance of plasma membrane function and several metabolic pathways. The aim of this review is to provide an update on recent findings related to these topics, which can contribute to a better understanding of the role of B in plants.

[1]. Brown, P. H., N. Bellaloui, M. A. Wimmer, E. S. Bassil, J. Ruiz, H. Hu, H. Pfeffer, F. Dannel, and V. Romheld. (2002). Boron in plant biology. Plant Biology 4: 205–223.
[2]. Bose .U.S, Tripathi SK.( 1996) Effect of micronutrients on growth, yield and quality of tomato cv. Pusa Ruby. Crop. Res. Hisar;12 (1): 61-64
[3]. Dordas, C., G. E. Apostolides, and O. Goundra. (2007). Boron application affects seed yield and seedquality of sugar beets. The Journal of Agricultural Science 145: 377–384.
[4]. Dipti,S. Waghdhare, V.K. Kharche, K., Jadhav, A., and Pushpalata, C. Bhosale (2008) Effect of boron application on yield and quality of tomato grown on alkaline calcareous soils, An Asian Journal of Soil Science, Vol. 3 No. 1 : 49-52
[5]. Gazala.N. Upinder.S., and Pardeep.K.(2016). Boron its importance in crop production status in Indian Soils and crop responses to its application. International Journal of Advanced Research,5: 654- 600

ABSTRACT: The research is aimed to analysis on determining factors of meat demand of domestic chicken in the City of Manado. It thus uses quantitative analysis using regression data of time series during 26 (twenty-six) years, from 1990 to 2015, comprising of: total demand of the broiler's meat, price of the broiler's egg, price of tuna, price of chili, edible oil, and income per capita. In detail, data sources are derived from Statistic Central Agency (BPS) of North Sulawesi, Service of Food of the City of Manado, and Service of Agriculture and Veterinary of North Sulawesi Province. As a result, it is found that total demand of the broiler's meat, price of the broiler's egg, price of tuna, price of chili...........

Keywords: Demand, broiler's meat, price, income per capita

[1]. [BPS] BadanPusatStatistik. 2015. SulutdalamAngka. Manado (ID): BPS.
[2]. Bandara SA, Dassanayake MR. 2006. A Quantitative Analysis On Factors Affecting Profitability of Small Scale Broiler Production, Srilangka. The Journal of Agriculture Sciences Vol. 2(3).
[3]. Chinda D, Umaru M, Abana A. 2015. Analysis of Factors Affecting Meat Demand in Michika Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria.Journal of Plant & Agriculture Research, 1(1):1-6.
[4]. DinasPangan Kota Manado. 2015. Data
[5]. DinasPertanian Kota Manado. 2015. Data

ABSTRACT: Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is a valuable fruit crop in Kenya due to its nutritive and economic value. However, at least 40 to 45% of the fruit is lost during postharvest handling attributed to inadequate availability of affordable storage systems by the peasant farmers. An applicable technology (SNR -) is the use of combination of evaporative cooling and near infrared reflection to lower the temperature of the storage environment. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating the effect of storage environment of the SNR store on the chemical properties of mangoes against those stored in the identical evapoaratively cooled non-near infrared reflecting store (SNNR) and room conditions (RC) as a control experiment. The fresh and mature Apple and Kent were stored under the three storage........

Keywords: Chemical properties, evaporative cooling, mango fruit, near infrared reflection, storage

[1] J. Griesbach, Mango Growing in Kenya, World Agroforestry Centre, 2003.
[2] HCDA, Horticultural Data 2005-2007, Validation report, Nairobi, Kenya, 2008.
[3] HCDA, Export Statistics Report, 2010.
[4] KARI, Kenya Agriculture Research Institute, Annual report, 1994.
[5] S. Jha, Development of a pilot scale evaporative cooled storage structure for fruits and vegetables for hot and dry region, Journal of Food Science and Technology, Mysore, 45(2), 2008, 148-151.

ABSTRACT: Survey to study the contribution of livestock production to the livelihoods of urban and peri urban residents was conducted in Nairobi County. Structured questionnaires and focus group discussions were used to obtain information from interviewees sourced by random sampling of 40 households to represent the entire County. Sampling was done in Embakasi, Kasarani, Kamukunji and Lang'ata sub-counties; Data were analysed using SPSS. The results showed house holds size ranged between (1 – 10) individuals, majority (57.5%) of respondents, household heads. The age of most respondents (47.0%) ranged from (36 – 50) years. Fifty percent attained secondary school.........

Keywords: Contribution of livestock, urban and peri urban agriculture, Nairobi County, Keny

[1]. Angello Consolata, Jangawe Msuya, Doris Matovelo, (2016): Assessing the Information Needs and Information Sources of Urban and Peri-urban Livestock Keepers in Kinondoni and Morogoro Urban Districts, Tanzania. University of Nebraska LincolnDigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac
[2]. Balpheti,M.N., and Jacobs, P.T., (2009): The Contribution of Subsistence Farming to Food Security in South Africa. Agrekon, 48(4), 459-482.
[3]. Berg Mikael, Kokas Ikwap2, Claes Fellström (2014):Poultry – a major source of protein for the poor. 1Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, and 3Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden and 2College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
[4]. FAO (2007): The state of food and agriculture.
[5]. FAO, (2012): Growing Greener cities in Africa. First status report on urban and Peri Urban Horticulture in Africa. Rome, Italy. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Available from www.fao.org/ag/agp/greenercities/pdf/GGC-Africa.pdf

ABSTRACT: The aim of this project was to study the phenotypic characteristics and the factors causing effects on the phenotypes of Capra hircus (Galla and Small East African goats) populations in Kajiado County in Rift valley province and Makueni County in Eastern province. Data was obtained through personal observations of the goats between 1st September, 2013 and 2nd December, 2013. This study covered characteristics of goats majorly quantitative and qualitative traits. The Galla goats weighed more than the Small East African goats as least square mean for the Galla goats was 46.33 ± s.e 0.36 kg while the Small East African goat had 32.41 ± s.e 0.41 kg. The males were superior in weight than the females as the males had a least square mean of 45.75 ± s.e 0.43kg while the females had a least........

Keywords: Phenotypic characteristics, Factors causing effects, Capra hircus, Kajiado and Makueni Counties, Kenya

[1]. Abate A., M. M Wanyoike, M.S Badamana and A.N Abate (1989): Towards improving Animal production in the rangelands. In proceedings of the 16th grassland congress; Niece, France Vol.2pp 1613.
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[3]. A.J. Yunusa, A. E. Salako and O.A Oladejo 2013: Morphometric characterization of Nigerian indigenous sheep using multifactorial discriminant analysis
[4]. Bernsten R H and Jacobs A H. (1983): Socio-economic aspects of range research in Kenya: A plan for reaching the Ultimate target groups. Ministry of Livestock Development, Nairobi, Kenya. 112 pp. [Available on microfiche from ILCA: Microfiche no. 59573].
[5]. Commission on genetic resources for food and agriculture (CGRFA)-13/11/inf.19(April 2011): Draft guidelines on phenotypic characterization of animal genetic resources.

ABSTRACT: production function represented byproduction and its components, Therefore, thissearch aims to investigate the relationship among potato production as a dependent variable and area, seeds quality , fertilizer and hand working hours as explanatoryvariables.The study was conducted by a questionnaire form collected from farmers randomly in Abu Ghraib-Governorate of Baghdad,the data were analyzed statistically by SPSS program and least squares method then estimate the output function .The logarithmic formula was the best of the estimated functions in the statistical and standard tests.The results showed that the increase of area by 1% caused increase in production by 1.06%, while........

Keywords: production function, growth rate, return scale, potato

[1]. Khan , N. &Javed, A, .(2006). Competitiveness and Policy Analysis of Potato Production in Different Agro-ecological Zones of Northern Areas: Implications for Food Security and Poverty Alleviation, the NWFP Agricultural University, pp: 1137–1154 .
[2]. Gujarati , D. 1978. Basic Econometrics . McGraw-Hill Book Co. New York
[3]. Koustsoyiannis , A. 1977. Theory of Econometrics.Second McMillan Press, Ltd. Edition.
[4]. Albaldawi ,A.T.,2010. estimation of productivity function of potato crop in Iraq. Alanbar prov. MSc thesis.college of agriculture.Baghdad univ.
[5]. Alkaisi, S.B.,2014.estimating the economic efficiency of potato production in Baghdad. MSc thesis.college of agriculture.Baghdad univ..

ABSTRACT: Rubber [Hevea brasiliensis (Willd.ex A. Juss.) Mull.Arg.], which belongs to the family Euphor biaceae is the most economically important member of the genus Hevea whose center of diversity is the Amazon basin and it is the major source of commercial rubber in the world. The first commercial plantation in Sri Lanka was started subsequently in 1883. Rubber breeding in Sri Lanka is largely based on a small population of about 1919 seedlings introduced in 1876 from Wickham collection. Most of Hevea breeders believe that they have exploited the maximum genetic variability of Wickham‟s original introduction and have provided original materials for plant breeding programs and crop improvement. Therefore, to broaden the genetic base of the major producers of natural rubber, it was needed........

Keywords: Breeding, Hevea, Germplasm, Accession

[1]. Arzai, A.H. and Aliyu, B.S., 2010. The relationship between canopy widths, height and trunk sizein some tree species growing in the savana zone of Nigeria.Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences,3(1), pp.260 – 263.
[2]. Chaudhuri, D., Vinod, K.K., Potty, S.N., Sethuraj, M.R., Pothen, J. and Nanja Reddy, Y.A., 1995. Estimation of biomass in Hevea clones by regression method: relation between girth and biomass. Indian Journal of Natural Rubber Research, 8(2), pp.113-116.
[3]. Ferguson, H., Cooper,C. S. Brown, J. H. and Eslick, R. F., 1972. Effect of Leaf Color, Chlorophyll Concentration, and Temperature on Photosynthetic Rates of Isogenic Barley Lines. Agronomy journal, 64(5), pp. 671-67.
[4]. Gordon, J. C., Promnitz, L. C., 1976: Photosynthetic and enzymatic criteria for the early selection of fast growing Populus Clone. In: Tree Physiology and Yield Improvement. Eds. M. G. R. Cannell and F. T. Last, p. 567, Academic Press London, New York, San Francisco.
[5]. Goudriaan, J. and Van Laar, H. H., 1994. Modelling potential crop growth processes. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht,The Netherlands..

ABSTRACT: A total of 77 multiparous dromedary camels were used to evaluate the change of udder morphology traits after a machine milking and to study the evolution of udder traits during early (wk10), mid (wk22) and late (wk 40) stage of lactation.The measurements were taken directly before and after milking. On average the length, height, depth and circumference of the udder were 43.6±4.9, 106.9±7.7, 43.8±4.6, 97.1±6.3 cm respectively. The teat length front and rear, diameter and distance between teats were 4.85±1.85, 5.09±1.85, 3.43±1.05, 8.92±1.92 cm respectively before milking. Udder length and height did not change before and after milking while udder depth and circumference showed significant decrease after milking. Otherwise, high significant difference was observed in front teat length and.......

Keywords: camels, lactation stage, milk yield,udder measurements

[1]. Atigui, M., Marnet, P. G., Harrabi, H., Bessalah, S., Khorchani, T., & Hammadi, M. (2016). Relationship between external and internal udder and teat measurements of machine milked dromedary camels. Tropical animal health and production, 48(5), 935-942.
[2]. Ayadi, M., R. S. Aljumaah, A. Musaad, E. M. Samara, M. M. Abelrahman, M. A. Alshaikh, S. KSaleh and B. Faye. 2013. Relationship between udder morphology traits, alveolar and cisternal milk compartments and machine milking performances of dairy camels (Camelusdromedarius). Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 11(1): 790-797.
[3]. Ayadi, M., Aljumaah, R. S., Samara, E. M., Faye, B., & Caja, G. (2016). A proposal of linear assessment scheme for the udder of dairy camels (Camelus dromedarius L.). Tropical animal health and production, 48(5), 927-933.
[4]. Ayadi M., Aljumaah R., Samara S., Faye B., Caja G., 2015. Udder typology of Arabian dairy camels and proposal of a linear scoring system for assessing their udder traits for machine milking, In: Proc. of 4th Conference of ISOCARD,"Silk Road Camel: The Camelids, Main Stakes For Sustainable Development", June 8-12, 2015 Almaty, Kazakhstan, Konuspayeva G. (Ed.), Special Issue of Scientific and Practical Journal Veterinariya #2 (42) 2015, oral communication, 110-112
[5]. Caja, G., Ayadi, M., & Knight, C. H. (2004). Changes in cisternal compartment based on stage of lactation and time since milk ejection in the udder of dairy cows. Journal of dairy science, 87(8), 2409-2415.

ABSTRACT: The study was conducted to determine the productive performance and profitability of small scale broiler farming at rural households carried out with or without management intervention during summer. Twelve thousand six hundred day old chicks were procured from a commercial hatchery and distributed into 36 farms of which18 farmers in six treatment groups (100, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 birds) were allowed to manage their farms in their own way while the other 18 were in six treatment groups (100, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 birds) trained on the basic principles of broiler farm operation, management and procedure of record keeping. Six groups, each of the three farmers (18 farmers) were provided training whereas another six groups, each of three treatment groups (18 farmers) were considered from non-trained section for comparison. Each and every trained farm owners took care of chicks........

Keywords: cost and return; flock size; management intervention; small-scale;

[1]. A.Q. Mohsin, R. Riaz, S. Asad and A. Mushtaq, Profitability of broiler production in Rawalpindi district. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Science, 45, 2008, 514-519.
[2]. M.A. Ali, Performance and cost benefit analyses of commercial broilers. Bangladesh Agricultural University Research Progress, 14, 2004, 96-97. [3]. M.S. IslaM, S. Takashi and K.Q.N. Chabbi, Current scenario of the small scale broiler farming in Bangladesh: Potential for the future projection. International Journal of Poultry Science, 9, 2010, 440-445.
[4]. J. Jaim, and M.N. Islam, Impact of technical intervention on profitability of village based medium scaled broiler enterprise in Bangladesh. Progressive Agriculture, 19, 2008, 143-153.
[5]. M. Akteruzzaman, M.A.M., Miah, M.M. Hossain, Jebunahar, and K. Fattah, Impact of training on poultry farming for improving livelihood of the smallholders in rural Bangladesh. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Poultry Show and Seminar, World's Poultry Science Association, Bangladesh Branch, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2009, 35-43.

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of adding Capparis spinose (Cs) fruitsor Withaniasomnifera (Ws) leaves or their combinationto broiler diet in alleviating heat stress through studying their effect on blood parameters.A total of 180, day old, Ross 308 broiler chicks were distributed into 4 experimentalgroups (3 replicate/group) and submitted to high environmental temperature (29-35◦C). The experimental groups were as follows: T0=control group without any addition, T1=adding 2g Cs/kg diet. T2=adding 2gWs/kg diet and T3=adding a combination of 1g Cs+1g Ws/kg diet. Main results obtained showed that all plantsaddition treatments led to significant.......

Keywords: Capparis spinose, Withania somnifera, heat stress, broilers, haemabiochemical parameters

[1]. Ahmed,S.Kh., M.H. Abdul-Abass and S.A.Al-Hammed.2015. Effect of dietary supplementation of natural and synthetic antioxidants on broilers physiological and productive performance. Egyptian Poultry Science, 35 (I): 93 -105.
[2]. Al-Daraji, H.J., 1995. Study of some physiological characteristics and thermal resistance of fawbro broiler and its comparison with some commercial hybrid broilers. MSc. Thesis. College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad.
[3]. Al-Daraji, H.J., W. Khalid and A.S.Al-Hassani.2008.Avian Hematology. College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research.
[4]. Al-Joubouri, A.M.M., 2016.Efficacy of red ginseng plant roots in productive performance, physiological, behavior and sensory evaluation traits of broiler chickens under heat stress condition. MSc. Thesis. College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad.
[5]. Chakravarty, H. L. 1976. Plant Wealth of Iraq. A dictionary of economic plants. Vol.1. Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, Baghdad, Iraq..

ABSTRACT: North Sumatera Provincial Government is needed to support the farmers through guaranteeing the availability of agricultural production facilities and infrastructures that have not been fully felt by farmers. In addition, consistency is required in implementing various policies that support the development of agriculture in the areas of Regional Medium Term Development Plan (RPJMD) and Strategic Plan (Renstra) as well as various other policies in the field of agriculture in an effort to support farmers to develop their farms through maintaining agricultural land, , distribution and marketing of agricultural products that have not been fully implemented optimally. Agricultural development programs in North Sumatra include the increasing production, improving farmers' welfare, improving product marketing, improving food security, empowerment of extension workers and improving technology application......

Keywords: agriculture; government; business; farm

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