IOSR-JAVS   Volume-11 ~ Issue-3 ~ MARCH-2018

ABSTRACT: The objectives of this work consist on the one hand to review the literature on the pearl millet downy mildew in general, and on the other hand, doing the history of research work and the prospects of pearl millet downy mildew in Niger. The latest available knowledge on pearl millet downy mildew disease (causal agent, infection, symptoms, damage and control) is collected in the literature.A synthesis of research work as well as perspectives is doing on the pearl millet downy mildew in Niger. There is a lot of information on this disease in the world, particularly in Indian situation. In Niger, research activities have begun since 1972. Many activities were conducted. They focused mainly on resistant varieties, integrated management, chemical control, and characterization of the Niger isolates of S. graminicola.

Keywords: Historic, pearl millet, downy Mildew, Niger, review.

[1]. Organisation des Nations Unies pour l´Alimentation et l´Agriculture (FAO), 2015, Division Statistique
[2]. O P Yadav, and K N Rai, Genetic Improvement of Pearl Millet in India.Agricultural Research.ISSN
[3]. 2249-7218, 2013, pp. 1-18.
[4]. Institut National de la Statistique (INS), Direction Générale de la statistique, 2014: Rue de la Sirba B.P 13416 Niamey – Niger. Site web: http://www.ins.nee-mail : ins@ins.ne
[5]. S.D. Singh, S.B. King and J. Werder, Downy mildew disease of pearl millet. Information Bulletin no. 37.(In En.Summaries in Fr, Es.)Patancheru, A.P. 502 324, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, 1993, 36 pp. ISBN 92-9066-257-3. Order code: IBE 037...

ABSTRACT: The study investigated food security among rural household in Afikpo North Local Government Area (LGA) of Ebonyi State. Both purposive and multi-stage random sampling techniques were used to select a total of 120 respondents that make up the sample size for the study. Data were collected from the sampled respondents by using structured questionnaire and interview schedule; the data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics such as frequency tables, percentages, mean scores, multiple regression analysis and factor analysis. The null hypothesis of the study was tested using f-test statistics at p=0.05 the result of the study shows that the mean age of the respondents was 39.4 years and majority representing 61.67% were males while females constitute 38.33%. again, majority (65%) were married and 30% were single, with mean household size of 10 children also mean years of farming experience was 10 and all (100%) of the respondents had acquired........

[1]. Abayomi, Y.O. (1997). The Agricultural Sector in Nigeria: The Way Forward.

[2]. Adebayo A. A. (2002). Productivity Problem in Nigerian Agriculture and Policy Implications for Economic Development, VOCASS Journal, 3 (1), 143 -152.

[3]. Adegboye, R.O., 2004. Land, Agriculture and Food Security in Nigeria. Faculty Lecture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilorin.

[4]. Adeyemo R, Kuhlmann F. Resource Use efficiency in Urban Agriculture in Southwestern Nigeria. Tropicultura. 2009;27(1).49-53. [5]. ADP (2002) Edo Stale Agricultural Development Programme. Pre-participating Rural Appraisal for Need Assessment of Form of Special Food Security..

ABSTRACT: This study compared the agriculture sector's contributions to the economic growth of Nigeriaand Malaysia, specifically in the areas of GDP, foreign exchange, employment and food security. Secondary data was collected from Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) yearbooks and paired sample T-test was used to compare the means of the data obtained for both countries. Results indicated thatNigeria's agriculture have contributed more to her total GDP by a mean of 18.30%, compared to that of Malaysia (8.09%). For foreign exchange,Malaysia'sagriculture sector contributed more (12.14%) exportscompared to that of Nigeria(1.79%). For employment,Nigeria's agriculture sector contributed more (32.00%) compared to that of Malaysia, which is higher(18.54%). Regarding food security, Malaysia's agriculture has contributed more (1.25%) of undernourished persons compared to that of Nigeria (12.35%). The study concluded that in the areas of GDP and employment, the Nigerian agricultural sector contributed more to Malaysia's economic growth.More so, in the areas of foreign exchange and food security, Nigeria'sagriculture sector contributed less to economic growth compared to that of Malaysia indicatingthat Nigeria's agriculture sector has not performed poorly compared to Malaysia. The study therefore, recommended an increase in the agricultural production and export for Nigeria.

Keywords: Economic growth, agriculture sector, GDP, GNP, Nigeria, Malaysia

[1]. Akpan, S. B., Udoh, E.J.and Umoren,A.A. (2012). Modeling the Dynamic Relationship between Food Crop OutputVolatility and Its Determinants in Nigeria, Journal of Agricultural Science; 4(8): 36-47.
[2]. Ayodele, O. S., Obafemi, F. N., & Ebong, F. S. (2013). Challenges facing the achievement of the Nigeria vision. Global Advanced Research Journal of Social Sciences, 27:143- 157.
[3]. Etumnu, C. and Tolutope, O. (2013). Contribution of Agriculture to Economic Growth in Nigeria. The 18th Annual Conference of the African Econometric Society (AES) Accra, Ghana, 21-22.
[4]. Federal Republic of Nigeria. (2000). Obasanjo's Economic Direction 1995-2003. Office of the HonourableMinister for Economic Matters, Abuja, Nigeria.
[5]. Jalani, B.S., Ariffion, D. and Chan, K.W. (2003). Malaysia's contribution to improving the value and use of palm oil through modern technologies in Burotrop Bulletin No. 19...

ABSTRACT: Pots experiments were conducted to assess the effect of termite mound on growth of maize in the humid forest of southern Nigeria during the 2011 cropping season at the Teaching and Research Farm of Federal College of Education (Technical), Omoku, Rivers State, Nigeria. Three treatments were imposed in the study. The treatments were replicated five times and fitted into a completely randomized design(CRD) with maize as test crop. Data analysis indicates that termite mound significantly increased soil pH, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium than surface soil. Nutrient concentrations in maize plant were also higher in pots treated with termite mound than either inorganic fertilizer or surface soil. On average, termite mound significantly enhanced height, leaf area, stem girth and dry matter weight of maize than inorganic fertilizer and surface soil. Utilization of termite mound as plant nutrient source for crop production might reduce the cost of inorganic fertilizer thereby improving the economic returns to the farmers.

Keywords: Termite, Mound, Maize, Humid forest and fertilizer

[1]. Evbuomwan, G.O. (1990). A review of the Federal Government fertilizer subsidy scheme in Nigeria. Central Bank of Nigeria economic and financial review, 29: 255-260.
[2]. Frageria, N. K. and Baligar, V.C. (2004). Properties of termite mound soils and responses of rice and bean to N, P and K fertilization on such soil. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 35: 15-16.
[3]. Funtua, A.G. (1987). Fertilizer and the Nigerian farmers: Problems and prospects. Proceedings of the National fertilizer seminar held in Port-Harcourt, October28-30, 1987. Pp 295-300.
[4]. Lilkita, T. (2001). Effect of subsidy withdrawal on fertilizer demand and agricultural production in Kebbi State, Nigeria. An M.Sc. thesis, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria. 76pp
[5]. Oguzor, N. S., Ezekiel, P.O., Okejim, J.A. and Seji, T. (2004). The place of Azolla in Agricultural Productivity in Nigeria. Studies in Technical Teacher Education, 5 (1): 5-9...

ABSTRACT: The study examined urban homestead vegetable farming in Anambra State. Structured interview schedule was used to elicit information from farmers. A total of 100 respondents were selected using multi stage sampling technique. Descriptive statistics such as percentage, and mean scores were used to analyze data collected. Findings showed that, majority 72.0% of the farmers were female, married 75.0%, with mean age of 40 years, had formal education 93.0%, had farming as primary occupation 47.5%, had a household size mean of 5persons with monthly income mean of N10,500 and source of income was from sales of vegetables 62.0%. A good proportion 67.0% of the respondents travel 2-3 kilometers to sell vegetables to consumers in market, had farming experience mean of 15.5 years, 58.0% of the respondents had farm size mean of 1.5 ha, and land acquisition inherited 65.0%. Effects of green leafy vegetables production on farmers in urban area are: vegetables are cultivated and sold for...............

Keywords: Household stead, vegetable, urban

[1]. American Heart Association.( 2013).Eat More Fruit and Vegetables. patient medical trusted information. http://patient.info/health/eat-more-fruit-and- vegetables
[2]. Alarima, C.I., Adamu, CO., Masunaga, T &Wakatsuki,T (2011). Constraints to Sawah Rice Production System in Nigeria. Journal of Human Ecology. 36(2):121-130
[3]. Bangudu, O. (2012). Governments must rethink policy on small-scale farmers- Report. http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/109127-governments-must-rethink-policy-on-small-scale-farmers-report.html ( Retrieved 5thSeptember, 2017)
[4]. Dilrukshi H.G., Russell, F. & Karim, M. M. (2013). Home gardens: a promising approach to enhance household food security and wellbeing. Agriculture and Food Security,2(8).http://agricultureandfoodsecurity.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/2048-7010-2-8
[5]. Dimelu, M. U. &Odo, R. N.(2013). Production preference and importance of fruit species in home garden among rural households in Igbo-Eze North Agricultural Zone of Enugu State, Nigeria. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 8(46):5733-5740. Academic Journals http://www.academicjournals.org/AJAR..

ABSTRACT: The use of spices for seasoning food and beverages is an age long practise. Some of these spices are also known to have some medicinal values but there is paucity of information on the spices that are commonly used in this part of the country.A survey was therefore conducted to identify the spices, their medicinal uses, culinary uses and methods of preparation as seasoning agents. The survey has identified twelve (12) spices used for various purposes.Three of these spices (onion, garlic and ginger) were evaluated for their effects on haematological parameters (PCV, Hb, WBC and RBC) using 10% and 50% treatment in mice diet. The result shows that 10% treatment was better than 50% because there was significant weight gain and slight improvement on the haematological parameters studied especially with the ginger group.

Keywords: Spices, Haematology, Weight gain, Sokoto, Physiological properties.

[1]. L.S. Kochhar. Tropical Crop, A textbook of Economic botany 1986, Pp. 265-290
[2]. R. R. Schippers (2000). African indigenous vegetables: An overview of cultivated spices. Natural Resources Institute/ACP-EU Technical Centre for Agriculture and Rural Copoeration, Chatham, UK, Pp. 214
[3]. M.O. Soladoye and M.A. Sonibare, (2003). Non-timber forest products of old Oyo National Park and their sustainability, Nigerian Journal of Botany, 16, 16-32.
[4]. F.J.R. Rosengraten. The book of Spices, 1969, Pp.18-19
[5]. J.W. Parry. Spices: the story of spices and spices described, 1969, Vol. 1..

ABSTRACT: The corneal ulcer or ulcerative keratitis is one of the most common eye diseases in dogs, which can lead to vision loss. It is characterized by superficial or deep corneal erosion with loss of epithelium and stroma exposure. The causative agents may be trauma, defects eyelid, lachrymal system disorders, infections caused by fungi, bacteria and viruses. This paper approaches the conventional treatment aided by integrative therapies. Refers to the case report of a dog of breed French Bulldog, male, one year old,treated at the outpatient clinic of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of University Center Serra dos Orgãos - UNIFESO. Treatment was initiated and eyedrops were used with antibiotics and anti-inflammatory associated with autologous blood plasma,and homeopathic medications associated in low potencies,which resulted in clinical cure of the patient reported..

Keywords: Ophthalmology,Canisfamiliaris, Integrative therapies.

[1]. T. J. Kern, Afecções de córnea e esclera, in S. J.Birchard, R. G. Sherding,Manual Saunders: clínica de pequenos animais,3. (São Paulo: Roca, 2008), 1373-1385.
[2]. N.P. Singh, S.K. Jhirwal, T.K. Gahlot, Management of Corneal Ulcer. Research & Reviews: Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2(1), 2016, 4-5.
[3]. A. P. F. do A. Hvenegaard, Estudo retrospectivo do tratamento ambulatorial da úlcera indolente em cães da raça Boxer, master diss., Universidade de São Paulo,SP, 2010.
[4]. D.H.Slatter, Manual de cirurgia de pequenos animais. 2. (São Paulo: Manole, 1998).
[5]. C.B.Martins,P.D. Galera, Semiologia oftálmica em cães e gatos – Revisão de literatura. Medvep - Revista Científica de Medicina Veterinária - Pequenos Animais e Animais de Estimação, 9(31), 2011, 612-620..

ABSTRACT: The objective of this paper is to examine the actual contribution of community forests to rural livelihoods in Singa locality including the relatively new goal of income generation to alleviate rural poverty. The researcher has adopted a range of methods to collect data like, structural face to face interviews, records and reports and observations. The data were collected from participants and non-participants in community forestry programmes. The study was carried in Sennar state (Singa locality). descriptive statistics were done for data analysis using statistical programme for social science software (SPSS). The study concluded that the majority of participants and non-participants in the study area obtained food and income from the farms and the sale of agricultural products.The study confirmed that the majority of participants are getting firewood from the market and the community forest provide.........

Keywords: Opportunities, Constraints , Community, Livelihood, Income, Generation, Singa Participants , Non-Participants, Strategy, Fuelwood, Benefits, Sennar, Sudan.

[1]. Badi, K., H., and Abdulmajid, T., D., (2000): The Popular Afforestation Guide, Sudanese Society for environment Conservation , Khartoum, Sudan
[2]. Burda, C., (1997): Community Forestry in British Columbia, Canada: A Socio-Economic and Ecological Perspective: In Community Forestry at a Crossroads: Reflection and Future
[3]. Dorji, Wangchuk, (2011): Opportunities and Constraints to Community Forests for Local Income Generation and Livelihood: A Case Study of Four Community Forests in Bumthang District, Bhutan. Graduate Student Theses Dissertations and Professional Paper, 720
[4]. Kobbail, Amani. A., (1996): Managerial and Social Aspects of community forestry in Kostas area (Central Sudan). M.Sc thesis. University of Khartoum.
[5]. Mohammed, A., A., (2002): The Economic Impact of Community Forest on the Rural Development in Senner State. M.Sc thesis. Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman, Sudan..

ABSTRACT: The increased need for natural resources in the last three decades, with increase of human and animals population, and the degradation of natural resources, due to; haphazard agricultural, pastoral and irrational urban expansion, couple with the decline in rainfall, desert encroachment, as well as the political turmoil, have led to the violence and the current fighting.This status quo has resulted in exodus of significant numbers of the population to fertile rural areas, and to the most stable cities. The research aims to assess the war aftermath in Thur, JabelMarra Central Darfur State; and to review war impactions on forest deterioration as well as the impact on natural...............

Keywords: JabelMarra, Darfur, War, Impacts of war, Thur, Forests, Degradation.

[1]. Adam, A. A. (1997). Ecological Aspects and Dynamics of SelectedWoody Plant Formation in Jebel Marra Mountains, Darfur-SUDAN
[2]. Ismail, AA. (2012). Impact of Darfur Army conflict on vegetation cover– A case study umkaddada locality , North Darfur – SudanAbdel nor, H. O. (1992). The Role of Forestry in Food Security and
[3]. Environment Protection in Sudan.Badi, K.H and Ahmed. A.F (1989). The Forest of Sudan. Khartoum.Sudan
[4]. UNEP. (2007) Sudan Post-conflict Environmental Assessment, June2007 .P. 206. At htt: /postconflict.unep.ch/Publication.php?Prog=Sudan
[5]. Ahmed, N. A .A, (2016), Assessment of Woody Vegetation and NaturalRegeneration in Zalligei locality, Central Darfur PhD, Thesis College offorestry and range science. SUST. KH. Sudan..

ABSTRACT: A study was undertaken on performance of Gangatiri cows; the objective was to evaluate the reproductive performance of Gangatiri cattle in eastern UP at Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, SHUATS. The study areas were purposively selected based on the potentiality of Gangatiri cattle. A total of 20 cows were selected. A cross-sectional survey and structured questionnaire were also used for the study. The overall reported service period achieved at dairy farm were ranged from 57 to 125 days with an average period of 99.66 days and 92.03 percent service rate with 1.08 services per conception was calculated. The calving interval recorded were ranged from 12 to 20 months with an average calving interval of 15.1 months has been recorded that indicates a normal range for practical purposes of standard of 13 months calving interval period is taken as high level of fertility

Keywords: Gangatiri Cattle Breed, service period, service rate, services per conception, calving interval.

[1]. Bhasin, N.R. (1967) "A study of some components of initercalving period in Haryana Cattle". Indian J. Dairy Sci. 20:72-74.
[2]. Jain, J.K.; Khan, F.H. and Saha, D.N. (1999). Indian Veterinary Journal, 76: 230-232.
[3]. Dutt, M. and Desai, R.N. (1965). "Study of economic characters of the herd of Gangatiri graded to Haryana at Government Livestock Farm". Indian J. Vet. Sci. 35: 178..

ABSTRACT: Thestudy,analysisofbeefmarketingwasconductedinJalingoLocalGovernmentAreaofTarabaState...............

Keywords: Beefmarketing,beefmarketers.

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[2]. Ebewore,S.OandD.E,Idoge(2013).AnalysisofBeefMarketinginOshimiliSouthLocalGovernmentArea,DeltaState,Nigeria.
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ABSTRACT: The present work is aiming at investigating seasonal variations in levels of some heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, Zn, Co, Cu, Fe andMn) in water-sediments-clam to investigate bioaccumulation of this metals by use fresh water clam Pseudodontopsiseuphraticus from Tigris river at Baghdad city. The study extended from March 2016 to February 2017. The heavy metals were studded in dissolved and particulate phase of water and in exchangeable and residual phase of sediments and in soft tissues of clam. Heavy metals accumulated according the system: water-sediment-clam because filter-feeding of this aquatic organism, and recorded bioaccumulation factor: 16.81, 12.04, 12.8, 12.36, 15.69, 20.73, 12.44, 15.79, 15.06 respectively.

Keywords: Bioaccumulation, Heavy metals pollution, Tigris Sediment, clam Pseudodontopsiseuphraticus

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[4]. Eggleton, J. and Thomas, K. V. (2004) A review of factors affecting the release and bioavailability of contaminants during sediment disturbance events. Centre for Env., Fisheries and Aqua. Science (CEFAS), Remembrance Avenue, Burnham on Crouch, Essex CM0 8HA, UK.
[5]. Rainbow, P.S.(1995) Bio-monitoring of heavy metal availability in the marine environment. Marine Pollution Bulletin Vol. 31 (4), pp 183-192..

ABSTRACT: In the sensitivity of *eggplant for *Rhizoctaniasolani, samples were collected from greenhouses in the district of Abu Ghraib and other of the districts of Dujail, which showed symptoms of wilt, yellowing and canker and brown coloration in the infected area. The results of the *pathoginicity of R.solani*isolates in *eggplant seeds and seedlings of two weeks old showed that isolating R1 achieved 86.7% seed germination failure and seedling rate 88% compared to R2 *isolates which failed to germinate seeds and death of *eggplant seedlings by 20% and 13.3% respectively. The results of the plastic house experiment showed that *R.solani isolates had 66% of infected parent P1 (Father) and 44% parent P2 (Mother) respectively. The infection of F1 was reach to 57% and gradually began to decrease in the *genotypes BC1, BC2, BC3, BC4, BC5 and BC6, reaching 49.5, 47.8, 46.3, 46, 45, 44.6 %respectizvely.

Keywords: Rhizoctoniasolani , Pathoginicity , eggplant , genotypes , isolates

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[4] Blazier, S. R., and K.E.Conway.2004.Characterization of Rhizoctoniasolani insolates associated with patch disease on turf grass . proc. Okla. Acad . Sci.84: 41 – 51.
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ABSTRACT: Inland-based fish farming in Kenya continues to draw enormous financial support by the government. Fish farmers in MeruSouth Sub-County have been slow in adopting inland-based pond fish farming despite Governments efforts to promote the same farming through training. This study investigated the influence of fish farming enterprise productivity training program on adoption of inland-based pond fish farming in Meru South Sub-County, Kenya. The study adopted a causal comparative research design. Four hundred farmers who had undergone Fish Farming Enterprise Productiontraining Program excluding those that abandoned their ponds, 22 extension officers and three divisional fisheries officers formedthe study population. Purposive and stratified random samplings were used to select the respondents. The sample comprised 212 farmers, 22 extension officers and three divisional..........

Keywords: Inland-based fish farming, Adoption

[1] Agbarevo, M. N. Machiadikwe, N. &Benjamin, N. (2013).Farmers' Perception of Effectiveness of Agricultural Extension Delivery in Cross River State.Journalof Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 2(6)1-7. [2] Azad, M. S. (2005). Impact of Training on Transfer of Aquaculture Technologies in Some Selected Areas of Jamalpur District. M.S. Thesis. The Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensinghpp: 80.
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