IOSR-JAVS   Volume-12 ~ Issue-2 ~ FEB-2019

ABSTRACT: Drought stress is the main problem limited durum wheat production in Tunisia. In this order, laboratory experiments of 11 durum wheat varieties were carried to i) evaluate their response at seedling level to water stress induced by different concentrations of polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) (0, 100, 150, 200 and 400 g/l) and to ii) screen drought tolerant varieties. Wheat varieties were raised in hydroponic and nourished with Hoagland solution. Results showed significant differences between treatments for all seedling characteristics in hydroponic culture. Except for relative water content, seedling traits differed significantly among varieties (p<0.05, p<0.01 and p<0.001). PEG treatment significantly........

Key Words:physiological traits, durum wheat, water stress.

[1]. Al-Maskri A., Al-Busaidi W., Al-Nadabi H., Al-Fahdi A. and Khan M. M. 2016. Effects of Drought Stress on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Coolly. International Conference on Agricultural, Food, Biological and Health Sciences (AFBHS-16) August 22-24, Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia)
[2]. Al-Shaheen MR, Soh A. 2016 .Effect of proline and gibberellic acid on the qualities and qualitative of corn (Zea mays L.) under the influence of different levels of the water stress. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications. 2016; 6(5):752-756.
[3]. Bates, L.S., R.P. Waldren and I.D. Teare, 1973. Rapid determination of free prolin for water-stress studies. Plant and Soil, 39(1): 205-207.
[4]. Bilal M, Iqbal I, Rana RM, Shoaib Ur Rehman, Haidery Q-ul-A, Ahmad F, Ijaz A & Umar HMI (2015). A comprehensive review of effects of water stress and tolerance in wheat (Triticuma estivum L.). Tropical Plant Research 2(3): 271–275]
[5]. Gallé Á., Csiszár J., Benyó D., Laskay G., Leviczky T., Erdei L. & Tari I. (2013) Isohydric and anisohydric strategies of wheat genotypes under osmotic stress: biosynthesis and function of ABA in stress responses. Journal of Plant Physiology 170, 1389–1399

ABSTRACT: A study was conducted to assess the milk yield, microbial load and proximate composition of fresh milk samples collected from two breeds (Bunaji and Muturu) of cows raised under extensive system of management. There were three treatments: T1 (Muturu), T2 (high producing Bunaji) and T3 (low producing Bunaji). Data were analyzed with the computer aided software (SAS). Results showed that Crude Protein, Fat and Total solids were significantly higher (P< 0.05) inT1 while the least was obtained in T2. Milk yield was lowest in T1 while the highest value was recorded in T2. The least (P<0.05) total bacterial count was recorded in the low producing Bunaji while the highest (P< 0.05) bacterial count was recorded in Muturu. It is concluded that although proximate composition ofMuturu milk was better than others, its milk yield was poor. Muturu cattle may be recommended for milk production due to its milk composition. However it should be crossed with high producing Bunaji to improve milk yield..

Keywords: Milk, Cow, Muturu, Bunaji,

[1]. Ali AA, Abdelgadir WS (2011). Incidence of Escherichia coli in raw cow's milk in Khartoum state. Br. J. Dairy. Sci. 2(1):23-26.
[2]. APHA (1992). Microbiological methods for dairy products. In Standard methods for examination of dairy products.16th edition. Marshall, RT. (ed.). American public health association, Washington, DC. pp. 287- 307.
[3]. Bailey, K. E., C. M. Jones, and A. J. Heinrichs. 2005. Economic returns to Holstein and Jersey herds under multiple component pricing. J. Dairy Sci. 88:2269-2280
[4]. Chatterjee SN, Bhattacharjee I, Chatterjee SK, Chandra G (2006). Microbiological examination of milk in Tarakeswar, India with special reference to coliforms. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 5(15):1383-1385.
[5]. CBN (1999). Central Bank of Nigeria, Annual Report 1999. CBN Lagos, Nigeria..

ABSTRACT: Cabbage is important component of human diet. However, this plant is appreciated by a lot of bugs who cause a lot of losses. Struggle against these bugs results in the use of pesticides. In order to increase the production of the cabbage, by the respect of the good phytosanitary practices, a survey has been undertaken in Korhogo on the sites of Waraniéré and the Dam of Kôkô. The entomofauna of the cabbage has been evaluated by the methods of the swoop net and the colorful traps, and an investigation permitted to census the phytosanitary practices in culture of the cabbage. Of the inventory of the bugs, it came out that among the 15 harvested species, the most abundant was the cabbage maggot.........

Keywords: Entomofauna, phytosanitary practices, cabbage, Korhogo

[1]. Depezay L. Les légumes dans l'alimentation : leurs effets nutritionnels, fiche technique. Fondation Louis Bonduelle,2006 ; 7p.
[2]. Youdeowei A. La pratique de la lutte intégrée en production maraîchère. Edition MOFA,2004 ; 26 p.
[3]. Dao D., Kouakou A., Cissé G., & Girardin O. Programme de développement descultures maraîchères intensives en Côte d'Ivoire. Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, rapport d'activités, 2003 ; 101 p.
[4]. Jourda J.P., Saley B.M., Djagoua E.V., Kouamé K.J., Biémi J., &RazackM.,.Utilisation des données ETM+ de Landsat et d'un SIG pour l'évaluation du potentiel en eau souterraine dans le milieu fissuré précambrien de la région de Korhogo (Nord de la Côte d'Ivoire) : Approche par analyse multicritère et test de validation.
Télédétection, 5(4) ; 2005 : 339-357.
[5]. Soro S., &Hgaza V.K.,. Propriétés insecticides et fertilisantes de l'engrais organiqueLiquide "ErgofitoDefense" en culture de chou à Djekanou (Côte d'Ivoire). Agronomie Africaine, 26(3) ; 2014: 261-273..

ABSTRACT: This study aims to examine the differences in income of laying hen farmers with the provision of bank loans in Langkat Regency, the data used are primary data with 40 respondents and secondary data. Data collection techniques are carried out by means of interviews, observations, questionnaires, literature studies, laws and regulations, and reports from agencies and related agencies. The results of this study indicate that the provision of credit to laying chicken breeding business has a positive and significant effect on the income of laying chicken farmers in Langkat District, North Sumatra. Giving credit to laying chicken farms in Langkat Regency, North Sumatra has a positive and significant effect on increasing eggs production.
Keywords: production, eggs, credit, income.

[1]. Arikunto, S, 2001. Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
[2]. Asnawi. 2009 Mikro Ekonomi Teori Pengantar. Edisi ke-3. Cetakan 27. Rajawali Pers. Jakarta.

[3]. Dendawijaya, Lukman. 2009. Manajemen Perbankan ; Edisi Kedua. Ghalia Indonesia. Jakarta.
[4]. Anonimous; 2010. Peningkatan Kesejahteraan Petani Dalam Pencapaian Swasembada dan Swasembada Berkelanjutan Pangan. Departemen Pertanian Jakarta.

[5]. Hasan, Iqbal. 2002. Pokok-pokok Materi Metodologi Penelitian dan Aplikasinya. Ghalia Indonesia. Jakarta.

ABSTRACT: This study aims to analyze the effect of factors on the income of broiler breeding business in North Sumatra Regency. The data used are primary data and secondary data with 67 respondents. Data collection techniques are conducted by interview, observation, and questionnaire. The results of this study indicate that the number of seedlings, the amount of feed, the area of the cage, and the workforce have a positive and significant effect on the income of laying chicken eggs in Langkat District, North Sumatra. Vaccine and vitamin variables have a negative and not significant effect on laying chicken egg income in Langkat District, North Sumatra. Based on the results of the Cobb-douglass income function, it was found that the factors of income of the number of DOC seeds, the amount of feed, the area of the cage and labor had a positive influence on laying chicken egg income. Whereas for the factor of income of vaccine costs and the cost of vitamins has a negative influence on the income of laying chicken eggs..

Keywords: income, the number of seedlings, the amount of feed, the area of the cage, the workforce

[1]. Abidin, Z. 2003. Meningkatkan Produktivitas Ayam Ras Petelur. Agromedia Putaka. Jakarta.
[2]. Ardilawanti, R. 2012. Analisis Faktor – factor yang Mempengaruhi Produksi Ayam Broiler di Kecamatan Bantimurung Kabupaten Maros. Skripsi. Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis. Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar
[3]. Badan Pusat Statistik Sumatera Utara, 2017. Sumatera Utara Dalam Angka 2016. Sumatera Utara, Medan.
[4]. Bangun, Wilson. 2007. Teori Ekonomi Mikro. Penerbit PT. Refika Aditama, Bandung.
[5]. Dahlan. 2008. Biaya Produksi. Dalam http.www.kuliahonline.com.Diakses Tanggal 1 Mei 2013

ABSTRACT: The present experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of boron and zinc on the growth and yield of tomato. Three levels of boron (viz., 0, 1 and 2kg H3B03 ha-1) and zinc (viz., 0, 1 and 2kg ZnS04 ha-1) were applied for each experiment.Results revealed that boron had significant effect on all yield attributes and yield of tomato. Application of 2kg H3B03/ha produced the highest tomato yield (79.2 ton ha-1) through increasing plant height, number ofleaves per plant, number of branches per plant, number of flower clusters per plant, number fruits per plant, weight of fruits per plant, fruit weight, individual fruit length, fruit diameter and yield ha-1 of fruits. On the other hand..........

Keywords: Tomato, Boron, Zinc, Growth, Yield

[1]. Ahmad, K. 1995. Phu', Phal 0 Shak-Sabjee. 5th Edn. 414 Senpara, Parbata, Mirpur,Dhaka.440.
[2]. Amrachandra, S. and Verma, B.K. 2003. Effect of boron and calcium on plant growth and seed yield of tomato. JNKVV Res. J. of India. 37(2): 13-14.
[3]. BBS. 2004. Statistical Year Book. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics.Statistics Division, Ministry of Planning, Govt. of the People'sRepublic of Bangladesh, p. 135.
[4]. BBS. (2010). Statistical Year Book. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. Statistics Division, Ministry of Planning, Govt. of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, p. 149.
[5]. Bose, T.K. and Som, M.G. 1990. Vegetable Crops in India. Published by B. Mitra and Naya Prokash, 206-Bidhan Sarani, Calcutta, India. p. 249.

ABSTRACT: This study assessed the flora species composition and range condition at CERRA, Maradi rangeland from Tarna village of Maradi Region in Niger Republic. Range factors used for the assessment include botanical composition of herbaceous (legumes and grasses) vegetation and woody (trees and shrubs) density on rangeland. Two (2) parallel transects were established within the rangeland which measures of 1015 m length by 500 m width. The interval between transect was 84.5 m. On each transect at 20 m interval, 10 m x 10 m land area was demarcated. Within each of the 100 m², five (5) 1 m² quadrats were randomly assigned per sampling unit, and the herbaceous layer was harvested. The........

[1]. Abdalla, M. S., Babiker, I. A., Idris, A. M. and Elkalifa, K. F. Potential nutrient composition of Acacia seyal fruits as fodder for livestock in the drylands in Sudan. Department of Analytical Chemistry, 2014; 1: 25−30.
[2]. Abebe, A., Tolera, A. Holand, Ø., Adnøy, T. and Eik, L.O.. Seasonal variations in nutritive value of some browse and grass species in Borana rangeland, southern Ethiopia. Tropical and Subtropical Agro ecosystems. 2012; 15: 261- 271.
[3]. Awa, D. N., Njoya, A., Logtene, Y. M., Ndomadji, J. A., Onana, J., Asongwed-Awa, A., Tama C. A. N., Djoumessi, M., Loko, B., Bechir, A. B., Delafosse, A. and Maho, A. Livestock production systems in the semi-arid savannah of the Central African sub-region. 2002; Pp154

[4]. Awas, T., T. Bekele and S. Demissew. An ecological study of the vegetation of Gambella Region, Southwestern Ethiopia. Ethiopian Journal Science. 2001; 24(2): 213-228.
[5]. Carpenter, A. T., and West, N. E. Validating the reference unit method of aboveground phytomass estimation on shrubs and herbs. Vegetation. 1987; 72: 75−79.

ABSTRACT: Whenanalyzing the relationship between rice production and instrumental variables it turns out that the double logarithmic formula best formulas that give results consistent with the operative economic standard tests and statistical function results showed lack of standard problems, the local production of Ricecrop is not enough to meet growing demand and to Iraq depends greatly on governmental and private import imports to bridge the shortfall in availability of consumption, these imports cost the State budget big sums, and rice price parameter amounted to previous year (0.54) that refer to this The variable has a positive impact on supply, but this effect was not enough because there are limitations may prevent producers from increasing their production isThe prices of these other determinants are the quantities of irrigation water and fertilizer prices and economic use of all these resources have an impact on supply..

Keywords: Rice Crop, Supply Function, the Local Production

[1]. Publicly, Tariq, (2000), Microeconomics, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad's House Of Books And Documents In 742.
[2]. The Secretary And Others, Microeconomics, University Of Bahrain, King Faisal University, (2005( .
[3]. Abid, Sonia (2010), Lectures On Microeconomic Analysis, University Of Emir Abdelkader For Islamic Sciences, Faculty Of Law And Economics, Department Of Economics And Management, Algeria .
[4]. Aldahri, Abdel WahabRain (1980), ' Agrarian Economy ', Baghdad, Dar EsSalaam Knowledge, I (1(.
[5]. Pacific, Omar (2009), ' Supply And Demand ', Published Research In The Internet On The Website Www.Google.Com.

ABSTRACT: Camel milk is one of the most important nutritional source, as well as, a remedy for the population in many arid areas. Camel milk is mostly consumed as fresh or naturally fermented product, hence unpasteurized. However, camel raw milk can be contaminated at any step in milk production and processing, thus it may lose its quality and safety standards. The purpose of the present study was to determine the Prevalence of microbes in raw camel milk. Many scientific studies have shown that the bacterial contamination of camel raw milk can occur at four levels, within the udder, after harvest, from the surface of equipment used for milk processing, and during storage and transport. Milk removed from a healthy udder contains a very low concentration of microorganisms, usually less than 10 x 102 colony forming units of total bacteria per ml (cfu/ml). A camel with clinical.........

Keywords: camel, mastitis, microbes, milking, milk storage, milk transport, public health, raw milk

[1]. Abdel Gadir Atif E, Hildebrandt G, Kleer JN, Molla B, Kyule MN and Baumann MP (2006) Comparison of California Mastitis Test (CMT), somatic cell counts (SCC) and bacteriological examinations for detection of camel (Camelus dromedaries) mastitis in Ethiopia. Berl. Munch. Tierärztl. Wochenschr. 119(1-2): 45-49.
[2]. Abdurahman OA (2006) Udder health and milk quality among camels in the Errer Valley of eastern Ethiopia. Livestock Research for Rural Development 18, Article 110.
[3]. Abdurahman OA, Agab H, Abbas B and Aström G (1995) Relations between udder infection and somatic cells in camel (camelus dromedaries) milk. Acta Vet Scand 36(4): 423-431.
[4]. Abera M, Abdi O, Abunna F and Megersa B (2010) Udder health problems and major bacterial causes of camel mastitis in Jijiga, eastern Ethiopia: implication for impacting food security. Tropical Animal Health and Production 42: 341-347.
[5]. Abera T, Legesse Y, Mummed B and Urga B (2016) Bacteriological quality of raw camel milk along the market value chain in Fafen zone, Ethiopian Somali regional state. BMC Research Notes 9: 285-290. p. 249.

ABSTRACT: The research was aimed at studying the effect of Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus plantenrun and Weissalla ciberia on carcass quality and proximate analysis of broiler chicken. This was positioned at finding a replacement to antibiotics in broiler production. The study was done at the Department of microbiology, faculty of sciences, Kaduna State University, Kaduna between January to April 2018. A total of twenty day-old broiler chicks were administered probiotics (Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus plantenrun and Weissalla ciberia) in water at 108 cells/milliliters/isolates/birds/day for six weeks. Carcass quality and proximate analysis were evaluated.......

Keywords: Carcass, Proximate, Broiler, Lactic Acid Bacteria, Probiotics

[1]. Khalid, K. (2011). An overview of lactic acid bacteria. International Journal of Biosciences, 1(3), 1-13.
[2]. Fernandez, R., Sridhar, M., Sridhar, N., (2011). Effect of Lactic Acid Bacteria Administered Orally on Growth Performance of Penaeus indicus (H. Milne Edwards) Juveniles. Res J Microbiol, 6 (5): 466–479.
[3]. Coda, R., Cassone, A., Rizzello, C. G., Nionelli, L., Cardinali, G., Gobbeti, M. (2011). Antifungal Activity of Wickerhamomyces anomalus and Lactobacillus plantarum during Sourdough Fermentation: Identification of Novel Compounds and Long-Term Effect during Storage of Wheat Bread. Appl Environ Microb, 77 (10): 3484–3492.
[4]. Sabatkova, J., Kumprecht, I., Zobač, P., Suchý, P., & Čermák, B. (2008). The probiotic Bioplus 2B as an alternative to antibiotics in diets for broiler chickens. Acta Veterinaria Brno, 77(4), 569-574.

[5]. Kumprecht, I., Zobac, P. (2000). Probiotic and enzyme preparations - alternatives to antibiotic and chemical additives to diets for monogastric animals. Vet med - Czech 45: 110.

ABSTRACT: Tea is one of export commodities contributing to foreign exchange earnings to Indonesia. One of the tea producersowned by state plantations is PT. Nusantara XII Plantationislocated in East Java. The revenue in the tea sector could be increased by increasing tea productivity through increasing the most influential factors of productivity. Based on the condition, this study aims to determine what factors affecting tea productivity at PT. Perkebunan Nusantara XII. The data used in this study were secondary data, namely data that have been arranged in the form of productivity report on the crop productivity, cost, and management obtained by PT. Perkebunan Nusantara XII. These data included: data on total productivity, number of people working days (man-days) for harvest, application........

Keywords: Factors of productivity, tea productivity, Cobb-Douglas productivity function model

[1]. DirektoratJendral Perkebunan 2007. StandarEksporTeh Indonesia (serionline) http ://www.disbun.jabarprov.go.id/.
[2]. DirektoratJendral Perkebunan, 2017, Statistik Perkebunan Indonesia Teh 2015-2017.
[3]. Kompastanggal 22 November 2016. EksporTeh Indonesia Terpuruk.
[4]. http://www.pressreader.com/indonesia/kompas/20161122/281964607313899
[5]. Suprihatini, R. dan Karyudi. 2014. Indonesia country report of tea. Proceeding and abstracts. Inter-national Tea Symposium 2014 (ITS 2014).Innovation and Development. November 10-13. Hangzhou, China.

ABSTRACT: The study was designed to evaluate the proximate composition and phytochemical constituents of Cochlospermum planchonii. Sample of the plant was harvested from the surroundings of the Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria. The harvested plant sample was peeled and separated in tiny strands which were allowed to dry under the shade for a period of 6-8 days. After drying, it was pulverized into coarse powder and used for the determination of proximate composition and phytochemistry. The result of proximate analysis revealed high amounts of nitrogen free extract (58.6 %), crude fibre (26.7 % and inorganic matter (8.0 %). Similarly, phytochemical screening revealed rich contents of secondary plant metabolites with tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids and saponins in very high amounts. It was therefore, concluded that, the rich secondary plant metabolites justifies the use of this plant in the management of both human and animal disease conditions.

Keywords: Proximate analysis, rhizome, tannins, phytochemical constituents

[1]. Abbiw, D.K. (1990). Useful plants of Ghana: West African uses of wild and cultivated plants. Intermediate Technology Publications, London and Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom, pp 337.

[2]. Akobundu, I.O. and Agyakwa, C.G. (1998). A handbook of West African weeds. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria. Pp 564.
[3]. AOAC, (2000). Official methods of analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, (17th edition) Washington, DC, USA.
[4]. Ayuba, V.O., Ojobe, T.O. and Ayuba, S.A. (2011). Phytochemical and proximate composition of Datura innoxia leaf, seed, stem, pod and root. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5:2952-2955

[5]. Ben Salem, H., Abdouli, H., Nefzaoui, A., El-Mastouri, A. and Ben Salem, L. (2005). Nutritive value, behaviour, and growth of Barbarine lambs fed on oldman saltbush (Atriplex nummularia L.) and supplemented or not with barley grains or spineless cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica f. inermis) pads. Small Ruminant Research, 59 (2-3): 229-237..

ABSTRACT: An experiment was conducted in Kampala to assess the nutritive and economic value of hydroponic barley fodder produced using locally available materials on the growth rateof Kuroiler chicken. One-day oldmale chicks were brooded together, given basal feed and vaccinated. At three weeks age, acompletely randomized design was used to assign chicks to 5 study groups each with three replicatesrunning for 9 weeks. Group 1 (control) was fed on 100% basal feed; groups 2, 3, 4, & 5 were fed on 25% hydroponic barley fodder (HBF) +75% basal; 50% HBF+50% basal; 75% HBF+25% basal and 100% HBF respectively. Barley was sprouted on site. Nutritional......

Keywords: Experiment, Hydroponic barley fodder, Kampala, Kuroiler

[1] E.N Sabiiti, C. Katongole and S. Katuromunda, Building Urban Resilience: Assessing Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture in Kampala, Uganda, 2014, ISBN: 978-92-807-3371-6.
[2] P.C Glatz, Poultry feeding systems in PNG: Final report to Australian Centre for International Agriculture Research. Pigs and Poultry, South Australian Research and Development Institute, Roseworthy Campus, University of Adelaide, South Australia, 2006, 5371
[3] A Graffham, U Kelin, J Jagwe, J Nabawanuka, K Wanda, P Kalunda, G Ntibarikure and S Ferris S,A market opportunities survey for value-added utilization of cassava-based products in Uganda, Part 1: Demand analysis for industrial; utilization, ASARECA/IITA Monograph 1 IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria,2003, page 52.
[4] W Mwangi and S Mbugua, Hydroponics 101. Grandeur Africa Limited , P . O . Box 47157-00100 , Nairobi, Kenya, 2015, www.Grandeurafrica.Com.
[5] UBOS, Statistical Abstract, Uganda Bureau of Statistics. P.O. Box 7186, Kampala. Uganda, 2012, ISBN: 9966-767-43-8. www.ubos.org.