IOSR-JAVS   Volume-13 ~ Issue-11 ~ November 2020

ABSTRACT: The present study, which was carried out in the rural communes of Bambeye and Tebaram, focused on the vegetable sack and aims to produce foods that contribute to the fight against food insecurity for vulnerable households.In fact, 81% of Bambeye and Tebaram respondents were very satisfied with this approach technique because they have direct access to fresh vegetables without spending.The results of this study also show that all those surveyed (100%) produced speculations such as tomato, amaranth, sorrel and squash in the bags, and had high yields (78.58T/ha for the tomato, 55.96T/ha for the sorrel, 48.28T/ha for the squash and 62.12T/ha for the amaranth) which took an important part in their food.....

Key Word: Vegetable bags, Food insecurity, Bambeye, Tebaram, Tahoua, Niger

[1]. ANADIA, 2014. Caractérisation des systèmes de production agricole de la région de Tillabéry (rapport N°2, 2014) 44 pages,
[2]. Luxereau A., 2015. Renaissance des potagers, naissance d‟une profession » exemple de la ville de Niamey au Niger, Revue d‟ethnoécologie,Vol. 8: 1-18, DOI: 10.4000/ethnoecologie.2349
[3]. Bertrand N., 2019. Sacs potagers : Source de diversification alimentaire et de revenus pour les populations urbaines vulnérables, 6 pages,
[4]. Djaha K.F., 2014. Contribution de nouveaux modes de production à une agriculture durable : Cas de l‟agriculture hors sol en Côte d‟Ivoire, Mémoire de Licence, 41 pages,
[5]. FAO, 1996. Crise nutritionnelle au Niger : Ensemble, faire la différence juillet 2010. 78 pages.

ABSTRACT: The main purpose of this research was to reduce the production cost of high-density fermentation of Bacillus subtilis. The method was to find cheap and easily available raw materials with high efficiency. In this study, Bacillus subtilis was used as the starting strain. A single factor experiment was conducted to explore the effects of different concentrations of corn steep liquor(CSL) on the fermentation characteristics of Bacillus subtilis without adding other nutrients. It showed that the effect of high-density fermentation of Bacillus subtilis was the best, the number of viable bacteria could exceed 3.9×109 CFU/mL, and the content of amino acid nitrogen was the highest per unit mass of CSL when the concentration of CSL was 100~200 g/L. This conclusion provides reference for the high-density fermentation of Bacillus subtilis with CSL as raw material and the realization of resource utilization of CSL.

Key Word: Corn steep liquor; Microecological inoculants; Bacillus subtilis; Fermentation characteristics; High-density fermentation

[1]. Hui Z, Chenqiang L, Dahua W, et al. Optimization of Liquid Fermentation Conditions of Bacillus subtilisCS27[J].ChineseJournal of Tropical Crops, 2019, 40(05):995-1001.
[2]. Hashem A, Tabassum B, Fathi AbdAllah E. Bacillus subtilis: A plant-growth promoting rhizobacterium that also impacts biotic stress[J].Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 2019, 26(6):1291-1297.
[3]. Hikmate A, Franz C M a P, Ben O N, et al. Diversity and applications of Bacillus bacteriocins[J].Fems Microbiology Reviews, 2015, (1):201-232.
[4]. Yijie L, Zuozhong Y. Advances in Researches on Main Action Mechanism and Application of Bacillus subtilis[J].Journal of Sichuan Forestry Science and Technology, 2019, 40(04):126-130.
[5]. Rocky-Salimi K, Hashemi M, Safari M, et al. A novel phytase characterized by thermostability and high pH tolerance from rice phyllosphere isolated Bacillus subtilis B.S.46[J]. Journal of Advanced Research, 2016, 7(3):381-390

ABSTRACT:Vegetable waste causes problems for environmental and air pollution if only wasted. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of vegetable waste in feed formulations on the performance of broiler chicken production and nutrient digestibility. The research method was using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments, namely P1 (control feed without vegetable waste), P2 (using 5% vegetable waste in 100% feed formulation), P3 (using 10% vegetable waste in 100% feed formulation), P3 (using 15% vegetable waste in 100% feed formulation), and P4 (using 20% vegetable waste in 100% feed formulation). The parameters observed consisted of 2 groups, namely the performance of production by measuring feed consumption, body weight gain, and FCR, the second was on nutrient digestibility, consisted AMEn parameter, N retention, metabolic CP digestibility.....

Key Word: Vegetable waste, Pellet, Broiler, Performance, Digestibility.

[1]. Godfray, H.C.; Beddington, J.R.; Crute, I.R.; Haddad, L.; Lawrence, D.; Muir, J.F.; Pretty, J.; Robinson, S.; Thomas, S.M.; Toulmin, C. Food security: The challenge of feeding 9 billion people. Science 2010, 327, 812–818.
[2]. Alexandratos, N.; Bruinsma, J. World Agriculture Towards 2030/2050: The 2012 Revision; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Agricultural Development Economics Division (ESA): Rome, Italy, 2012.
[3]. Mir, N.A., Rafiq, A., Kumar, F., Singh, V., and Shukla, V. 2017. Determinants of broiler chicken meat quality and factors affecting them: a review. J Food Sci Technol (September 2017) 54(10):2997–3009
[4]. Gustavsson, J.; Cederberg, C.; Sonesson, U.; Otterdijk, R.; McYbeck, A. Global Food Losses and Food Waste: Extent, Causes and Prevention; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: Rome, Italy, 2011.
[5]. Westendorf, M.L. Food Waste as Animal Feed: An Introduction. In Food Waste to Animal Feed; Westendorf, M.L., Ed.; Iowa State University Press: Iowa City, IA, USA, 2000; pp. 3–16

ABSTRACT: Aim of study was to record the haematological alteration and clinical signs in blood protozoan infested cattle. A total of 323 cattle was screened and presence of haemoprotozoa was confirmed by wet blood film and regent stained smear examination. Blood withdrawn from 20 infected and 10 healthy cattle for haematological profile (Hb, TLC, ESR, DLC and PCV). Fever, anaemia, lacrimation, salivation, diarrhoea, emaciation, anorexia, lymph node swelling and tick infestation was seen in cattle. Haematological examination revealed significant changes in Hb, TLC, ESR, DLC and PCV. Anaemia, blood tinged faeces, high temperature (104-1070 F) and high tick infestation along with high eosinophil and lymphocyte were prominent features of hemoprotozoan infection.

Key Word: Haemoprotozoan, Blood, Cattle, Clinical Signs.

[1]. Ayadi, O., Gharbi, M. and Elfegoun, M.C.B. Milk losses due to bovine tropical theileriosis (Theileria annulata infection) in Algeria. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2016; 6(9) :801-802.
[2]. Velusamy R, Rani N, Ponnudurai G, et al. Influence of season, age and breed on prevalence of haemoprotozoan diseases in cattle of Tamil Nadu, India. Veterinary World, 2014; 7 :574–578.
[3]. Salih DA, El-Hussein AM, Singla LD. Diagnostic approaches for tick borne haemoparasitic diseases in livestock. Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, 2015; 7(2) :45–56.
[4]. Ghosh S, Nagar G. Problem of ticks and tick-borne diseases in India with special emphasis on progress in tick control research: a review. J Vector Borne Dis, 2014; 5(1) :259–270.
[5]. Devendra C. In global agenda for livestock research, 1995; ILRI, Nairobi, pp 41–48.

ABSTRACT: Background:The present work aims to study the impact of a natural product derived from a volcanic rock, which is basalt on growth parameters of pepper crop under greenhouse. "Farina di Basalto®" is a natural mineral fertilizer produced by "Basalti Orvieto" in Italy. It is rich in nutrients (Si, Al, K, Fe, Ca, Mg), and is employed to improve crops growth parameters and production.During this study, three treatments were applied: T0: as control, T1 with 3% of "Farina di Basalto®" and T2 with 1.5%.Ontained results showed that basalt powder exerted an effect on pepper crop under greenhouse improving thus growth parameters such as plant height and leaf area, qualitative (leaves assimilating pigments rate and fruits sugar content) and quantitative parameters (fruits set rate, fruits number and total yiel). In fact, mostly treated plot units with basalt powder with both doses showed mean values higher than control. On the other hand, use of the fertilizer at a dose of 1.5% is as effective as at 3% and allowed to improve quantitative and qualitative parameters.

Key Word: pepper crop, basalt, fertlizer, growth parameters, quatitative and qualitative paramiters.

[1]. Anonyme. 2019. Fiche technique farina di Basalto.Corroborant potentialisateur des défenses végétales. p2
[2]. Ben Mbarek K., Boujelben A., 2004. Etude du comportement des cultures de tomate (Lycopersiconesculentum Mill.) et de piment (Capsicumannuum L.) conduites en lignes simples et lignes jumelées sous serre, Tropicultura (22) : 97-103. [3]. Barak, P., Chen, Y., Singer, A. 1983. Groundbasalt and tuff as iron fertilizers for calcareous soils. Plant and Soil, 73(1), 155–158.
[4]. Drobot N.F., Noskova O.A., Steblevskii A.V., Fomichev S.V., Krenev K.A., 2013. Use of chemical and metallurgical methods for processing of gabbro-basalt raw material. Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering 47(4) 484 - 8
[5]. Elimem M., Rouz S., Kharroubi H., Mekni A., Kouki S., Toukabri A., Ragnoni G., Pizzuti G., Primavera F., Riccini A., Cari A.,2020. Effect of basaltpowder « Farina di Basalto® » on the development of pests and diseases on peppercropundergreenhouse and duringstorage. Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science 13(8) 38-47.

ABSTRACT: Background:Silver nanoparticles are the most commercialized nanomaterials, because they are used in a variety of consumer products. Silver nanoparticles can be synthesized by several methods, which are physical, chemical, and biological methods. However, the advantages of biological synthesis method are more environmentally friendly and economical. Biological synthesis of nanoparticles can be done using plants, fungi or bacteria as the bioreductor. In this review article discusses manufacture and characteristics of silver nanoparticles that are synthesized using bacteria. The method used is biological synthesis using bacteria as the bioreductor. Characterization of nanoparticles is important to determine and control the synthesis and applications of nanoparticle. Characterization was carried out using various techniques such as, UV-VIS Spectroscopy, Transmission and Scanning....

Key Word: Biological synthesis, characterization,silver nanoparticles,bacteria.

[1]. Acta, I. C., Payapo, I. A., Zakir, M. & Soekamto, N. H. SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING BIOREDUCTOR OF KETAPANG LEAF EXTRACT ( Terminalia catappa ) AND The development of technology and science at this time , especially in the field of material is growing rapidly ( Amiruddin , 2013 ). In the period of . 10, 1–19 (2017).
[2]. Sintubin, L., Verstraete, W. & Boon, N. Biologically produced nanosilver: Current state and future perspectives. Biotechnol. Bioeng.109, 2422–2436 (2012).
[3]. Ge, L. et al. Nanosilver particles in medical applications: Synthesis, performance, and toxicity. Int. J. Nanomedicine9, 2399–2407 (2014).
[4]. Vikas, S., Krishan, K. S. & Manjit, K. S. Nanosilver: Potent antimicrobial agent and its biosynthesis. African J. Biotechnol.13, 546–554 (2014).
[5]. Rajoriya, P., Misra, P., Singh, V. K., Shukla, P. K. & Ramteke, P. W. Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles. Biotech Today An Int. J. Biol. Sci.7, 7 (2017)..

ABSTRACT: Background: A study was conducted to investigate the immunosuppressive effect of Trypanosoma evansi in goats given Intranasal Pneumonic Mannheimia (IPM) vaccination. Materials and Methods: Twenty male goats were divided equally into four groups. Groups 1 and 2 were inoculated intravenously with 104 trypanosomes per animal, while goats in groups 3 and 4 served as uninfected vaccinated and uninfected unvaccinated controls, respectively. Goats in group 2 were treated with diminazine aceturate two days before primary vaccination. Groups 1, 2 and 3 received intranasal spray of 1 ml of Pneumonic Mannheimia (IPM) vaccine on day 30 post infection (PI) and a booster dose on day 44 PI. On day 58 PI all goats were inoculated intratracheally with 4 ml of live Mannheimia haemolytica organisms (106/ml) each. Blood samples were collected weekly and analyzed for IgG levels using antibody-ELISA assay. All goats were killed on day 72 PI, lung.....

Key Word: Trypanosoma evansi; Mannheimia haemolytica; Immune response; Goat.

[1]. Adrian, M.S., Sani, R.A., Hassan, L., Wong, M., 2010. Outbreaks of trypanosomiasis and the seroprevalence of T. evansi in a deer breeding centre in Perak, Malaysia. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 42, 145-150.
[2]. Antoine-Moussiaux, N., Cornet, A., Cornet, F., Glineur, S., Dermine, M., Desmecht, D., Rénia, L., 2009. A non-cytosolic protein of Trypanosoma evansi induces CD45-dependent lymphocyte death. PloS one. 4, 93-98.
[3]. Dargantes, A.P., Reid, S., Copeman, B.D., 2005. Experimental Trypanosoma evansi infection in the goat. I. Clinical signs and clinical pathology. J Comp Pathol. 133, 261-266.
[4]. Effendy, A.W.M., 1998. The role of the respiratoty mucosal immunity in protection against Pasteurella haemolytica A2 infection in goats. PhD dissertation, Universiti Putra Malaysia.
[5]. Effendy, A.W.M., Zamri-Saad, M., 1999. The effect of dexamethasone on the response of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue to intranasal administration of formalin-killed Pasteurella haemolytica A2 infection in goats. Vet. Res. Commun. 23(8), 467-473.

ABSTRACT: Background: Prevalence of Eimeria infection among Red Sokoto goats was investigated between August 2003 and July 2004 in Sokoto, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Rectal faecal samples of 89 goats were screened for Eimeria oocysts using a modified direct wet faecal smear technique. Data was analsyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Overall high prevalence of 98.8% of Eimeria infection was found. Similar prevalence was found among the levels of systems of management, age and sex factors of the animals examined. Conclusion: It was concluded that there was high prevalence of Eimeria infection among Red Sokoto goats between different age groups, sexes and management systems in the Sokoto area.

Key Word: Prevalence; coccidian; Red Sokoto goat

[1]. Abo-Shehada MN and HA Abo-Farieha 2003. Prevalence of Eimeria Species Among Goats in Northern Jordan. Small Ruminant Research, 49: 109-113.
[2]. Adefolabi TK and SN Chiejina 1987. The Faecal Coccidial Oocyst Output of Adult Small Ruminants in Nigeria. Nigerian Veterinary Journal, 16(1 & 2): 1-6.
[3]. Adelana SMA, PI Olasehinde and P Vrbka 2003. Isotope and Geochemical Characterization of Surface and Subsurface Waters in the Semi-arid Sokoto Basin, Nigeria. African Journal of Science and Technology, 4(2): 80-89.
[4]. Anene BM, EO Onyekwodiri AB Chime and SM Anika 1994. Gastrointestinal Parasites in Sheep and Goats of South-eastern Nigeria. Small Ruminant Research, 13: 187-192.
[5]. Anon. 2004. Metrological Report. Metrological Unit, Nigeria Airport Authority, Sokoto.