IOSR-JAVS   Volume-13 ~ Issue-5 ~ May 2020

ABSTRACT:Different economic sectors have certain economic characteristics. Accordingly, they provide distinct effects on economic growth or gross domestic product (GDP). In this paper we attempt to find optimum allocations of limited budget in order to optimize the GDP. Through regression model we calculated the expected contribution of each sector to the GDP and, then, we got the proportion of each sector to allocate. Accordingly, the amount of budget to spend in each economic sector is based on these proportions. The results have shown that,by applying these proportions to dictate the allocation of government spending, the GDP would have beenseven times of the current actual GDP.

Keywords: economic growth, gross domestic product (GDP), optimum proportion, budget allocations, regression model.

[1]. Alfada. 2019. The destructive effect of corruption on economic growth in Indonesia: a threshold model. Heliyon 5 (2019) e02649.
[2]. E. Anderson, M.A.J. d'Orey, M. Duvendack, L. Esposito. 2018. Does government spending affect income poverty? A meta regression analysis. World Development 103 (2018) 60 – 71.
[3]. M.K. Ardakani, S.M. Sayedaliakbar. 2019. Impact of energy consumption and economic growth on CO2 emission using multivariate regression. Energy Strategy Reviews 26 (2019) 100428.
[4]. Attems. 2019. The effects of government spending shocks: Evidence from U.S. states. Regional Science and Urban Economics 74 (2019) 65 – 80.
[5]. d'Agostino, J.P. Dunne, L. Pieroni. 2016. Government spending, corruption and economic growth. World Development 84 (2016) 190 – 205.

ABSTRACT: Excessive use of pesticides constitutes public health concern due to its accumulation over long period of time and poses significant health risk to humans. This study was carried out among vegetable farmers in parts of Lagos and Ogun States to ascertain pesticide usage, class of pesticide, and awareness on the danger of using banned pesticides among others; structured questionnaires were administered to the farmers. The survey revealed that 96% of respondents applied pesticides, combination of pesticides for killing pests during the dry and rainy seasons. A banned organochlorine pesticide well known for acute toxicity, Gammalin 20 is being used by respondents. Sniper was applied in some farms visited. 100% of respondents applied them on their cultivars. Over 80% of respondents do not have agricultural training or formal education. There is an urgent need by relevant bodies to....

Keywords: Leafy vegetables, Pesticides, Questionnaire, Respondents, Good Agricultural Practices

[1]. Adekalu, O. A. (2014). Studies on the physicochemical handling and storage of Sweet oranges (Citrus sinensis). PhD Thesis submitted to Federal University of Agriculture , Abeokuta , Nigeria.
[2]. Akan, J. C., Jafiya, L. S., Chellobe, Z. M., Muhammad, Z. and Abdulraham, F. I. (2014). Determination of some organochlorine pesticide residues in vegetable and soil samples from Alua Dam and Congulong agricultural sites, Borno State, Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental and Ecological Engineering 8: 325 - 332.
[3]. Akunyili D. (2008): In 30 Agrochemical Products Banned in Nigeria after Deaths By Inalegwu Shuaibu; Vanguard May 14th 2008.
[4]. Anasta, P. and Williamson, T. C. (1996). Designing principles of green chemistry: A Panacea for environmental sustainability. In Global Journal of Pure science and Applied Chemistry Research 4(1): 21–29. European Center for Reasearch Training and Development U.K.
[5]. California for Pesticides Reform ( 2010) Pesticide and Human Health. Calfornian for Pesticides Reform 2029 University Avenue Suite 200 Berkeley CA94704. United States of America.

ABSTRACT: Ethiopian economy is highly depending on agriculture, which is characterized by low production and productivity. The country holds the largest livestock population in Africa whereas; the output of the livestock (milk and meat) is the lowest, which shows low productivity of dairy sub-sector. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the determinant of the adoption of dairy technologies in Woliso Districts of South West Shoa Zone. The study uses data from a random sample of 288 households of which, 144 were IDT adopters and 144 were non-adopters. The study tests the hypothesis that the factors affecting farmers' decision to adopt IDT are not necessarily the same as those affecting their extent of adoption. Results from the double hurdle model indicates that age of the household......

Key words: Adoption, double-hurdle model, improved dairy technology (IDT), Woliso.

[1]. Adeoti A (2009). Factors Influencing Irrigation Technology Adoption and its Impact on Household Poverty in Ghana. J. Agri. Rural Dev. Trop. Subtrop., 109(1): 51-63.
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[3]. Agajie T, Tadele M, Tesfaye S, Yared D, Wudineh G, Tolesa A, Diriba H, Tamirat F and Seyoum B (2016). Adoption analysis of smallholder dairy production technologies in Oromia region, Ethiopia. Research report 115. Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research. Addis Ababa Ethiopia.
[4]. Akzar, R., Permani, R., & Wendy Umberger, P. (2016, February 2–5). Understanding Indonesian smallholder dairy farmers' decision to adopt multiple farm-level innovations.
[5]. Asfaw S, Shiferaw B, Simtowe F (2010). Does Technology Adoption Promote Commercialization? Evidence from Chickpea Technologies in Ethiopia. Paper presented at Centre for the Study of African Economies Conference Economic Development in Africa from 21st to 23rd March 2010. St-Catherine, Oxford

ABSTRACT:Field experiments were carried out at the Plantation Section of the Faculty of Agriculture, KNUST, in the major (March) and minor (August) seasons of 2007 and major (May) season of 2008 to determine the growth response of groundnut to different times of weeding and plant spacing. The three trials involved a 3 x 4 factorial arrangement in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicates. The levels of different weeding times were No-weeding or control, weeding 2-3 weeks after planting, weeding 3-4 weeks after planting and weed-free, while the levels of plant spacing included 20 cm x 20 cm, 30 cm x 30 cmand 30 cm x 45 cm. Normal husbandry treatments including refilling, thinning, fertilizer application, control of pests and diseases and weeding were undertaken. Response variables measured were plant height, shoot dry matter per plant, number of branches and nodules per plant. The results of the study indicated that the weed-free treatment and widest spacing (30cm x 45cm) significantly (P<0.05) recorded the highest plant height, shoot dry matter, number of branches and nodules per plant.

Key words: groundnut, spacing, weeding, time, cultivar

[1]. Agasimani, C.A., Palled, A.B., Naik, H.D., and Kulkarani, G.K. (1984). Response of groundnut cultivars to different spacing. Indian J. Agron., 29(2): 209-212.
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ABSTRACT: Coffee production is a crucial economic world activity due to its contribution to foreign exchange and employment creation. Areas in other parts of the world that produce coffee have been increasing their output, but in Kenya, there has been a decline in production since 1987. Despite the emergence of other profitable enterprises such as dairy farming in some of the coffee-growing zones, some farmers still have a passion for continuing with coffee production. The Kenyan government has undertaken several measures to mitigate the decline of coffee with the aim of optimizing coffee production. However, despite the efforts to maximize coffee farming, production at the farm level remains low, and some farmers are abandoning coffee production. The annual coffee production is estimated to be about 600 kg per hectare, which is far below the potential output of 2300 kg per hectare. This study determined the influence of the adoption of improved coffee cultivars, fertilizer utilization,.......

Keywords: Small scale farmers, Coffee, Optimization of production, Cultivars, Labour, Fertilizers

[1]. Adugna, M., Ketema, M., Goshu, D., & Debebe Kaba, S. (2019). Vegetable Market Performance in Smallholders Production System: The Case of Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia. Business, Management And Economics Research, (53), 40-48. doi: 10.32861/bmer.53.40.48
[2]. Agesa, B., Onyango, C., Kathumo, V., Onwonga, R., & Karuku, G. (2019). Climate Change Effects on Crop Production in Kenya: Farmer Perceptions and Adaptation Strategies. African Journal Of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition And Development, 19(01), 14010-14042. doi: 10.18697/ajfand.84.blfb1017
[3]. Dean, A. (2016). Youth, arts, and education: reassembling subjectivity through affect. Gender and Education, 28(7), 959-960. doi: 10.1080/09540253.2016.1150014
[4]. Getu, B., and Timothy H. (2018). Beyond Heirlooms and Hybrids: breaking down the coffees of Ethiopia and East Africa future. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
[5]. Harelimana, A., Le Goff, G., Ntirushwa Rukazambuga, D., & Hance, T. (2018). Coffee Production Systems: Evaluation of Intercropping System in Coffee Plantations in Rwanda. Journal Of Agricultural Science, 10(9), 17. doi: 10.5539/jas.v10n9p17

ABSTRACT:This study evaluated accessibility and willingness to pay for water by the rural households in Ondo State. Specifically, the study described the socio economic characteristics of the respondents; identified the sources of safe drinking water available to them; determined the factors influencing per capita water consumption and willingness to pay for water by the rural households. The major problems associated with accessibility and WTP for drinking water were also identified. Descriptive statistics and regression models were used for data analysis. Results showed that the mean age of the respondents was 41.5 years, they were mostly female (67.1 %) and married (83.6). They depended on unimproved water sources and mostly on water vendors. About 70% of....

Keywords: accessibility, rural households and safe water consumption

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ABSTRACT: A feeding trial was conducted to determine the nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance of growing WAD goats fed nitrogen supplemented cassava peel meal. Forty growing West African Dwarf Goats (WAD) bucks aged 5 – 7 months with an initial weight of 5.25kg ± 0.35 were used for the study. The goats were randomly assigned to five supplementary cassava peel meal diets namely; 100% urea treated cassava peels (CPU), 60% cassava peels + 40% cassava foliage (CSF), 60% cassava peels + 40% poultry manure (CPM), 60% cassava peels + 20% cassava foliage + 20% poultry manure (CPFM) in a completely randomized Design (CRD). Each diet group was replicated eight (8) times. Observed results revealed that nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance parameters.......

Keywords: Digestibility, Retention, Cassava Peel, Nitrogen balance, Cassava Peel Meal

[1]. Food and Agriculture Organization (2009), Fisheries:the state of World Fisheries and Agriculture (SOFIA), 2009 PART I: World review of fisheries and agriculture; Fish consumption p. 58-65
[2]. Ajagbe, A.D., Kibon, A. and Oyewole B.O (2015). Performance, Milk Yield and Composition of Grazing Sahel does Supplemented with Cottonseed cake- Maize Bran Mixture. Nsuk Journal of Science and Technology (NJST) 5 (2) : 6-10.
[3]. Adegbola, A.A., (2002). Nutrient Intake, Digestibility and Rumen of Bulls fed Rice Straw with or without Supplements. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 29(1):40-46
[4]. Akinmutimi, A.H. (2004). Evaluation of Sword Bean (Canavaliagladiata) as an Alternative Feed Resource for Broiler Chickens. Ph.D. Thesis. Michael OkparaUniversity of Agriculture Umudike, Nigeria.
[5]. Amaefule, K.U. (2002). Evaluation of Pigeon Pea Seeds (C. Cajan) as Protein Source for Pullets. Ph.D. Thesis. Dept of Animal Science, University of Nigeria. Nsukka

ABSTRACT: Problems with poor quality of fertilizers are common in West Africa and represent a major barrier to agriculture growth in the region. Underweight bags and nutrient deficiency of fertilizer samples subjected to laboratory tests have been confirmed across several countries in West Africa. There is a critical need in Sierra Leone to ensure that proper usage and quality control of fertilizers are enhanced with a view to improving fertilizer use efficiency, boosting crop productivity and household food security in Sierra Leone. Importers and distributors must ensure that the authenticity and quality of fertilizer products traded and utilized in Sierra Leone are ascertained before distribution. This report serves to remind our agriculture policymakers that while promoting greater fertilizer use, it is equally important to effectively control its quality. This would ensure that farmers and other end users get what they are paying for......

Keywords: Quality Fertilizer, adulterated fertilizers, Misbranding, Fertilizer Regulatory Agency

[1]. AAPFCO. 2019. AAPFCO Product Label Guide. Association of American Plant Food Control Officials. www.aapfco.org
[2]. Amara Denis, M. K., Kamara A., & Momoh, E. J. J. (2013). Soil Fertility Status of Three Chiefdoms in Pujehun District of Southern Sierra Leone. Research Journal of Agricultural Science, 4(4), 461-464.
[3]. Ashour, M., Billings, L., Gilligan, D.O., &Karachiwalla (2015). Evaluation of the Impact of E-verification Counterfeit Agricultural Inputs and Technology Adoption in Uganda: Baseline Report. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute.
[4]. AU. 2006. Abuja Declaration on Fertilizer for an African Green Revolution. Africa Fertilizer Summit. African Union Special Summit of the Heads of State and Government Abuja, Nigeria, 13 June 2006
[5]. Ayoola, G. B., Chude,V.O., and A. A. Abdulsalaam. 2002. Toward a Fertilizer Regulatory Policy for Nigeria: An Inventorization of the Fertilizer Sector. A study commissioned by the Federal Fertilizer Department (FFD), Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural development, Abuja. May, 2002.

ABSTRACT: To gauge new sesame varieties under field condition, an experiment was conducted during the summer (Hagaa) season (July-September) 2016 at the experimental farm of Somali Agriculture Technical Group (SATG), Afgoye, Somalia. Yield and yield contributing characters of the varieties were observed during the trial. A randomized complete block design with 4 replications was used. A complete of six sesame varieties were used for the trial. The new varieties were Setit, Yemeni variety, Nigerian variety, Humeera, and Abasen while the local variety was used as a control. Results from the experiment revealed that plant height, number branches-1, number of capsules-1, capsule length, capsule height, seed yield and Straw yield were significantly different among varieties. The tallest plant height (95.25 cm) was found in local variety while all-time low plant height (67.00 cm) was observed in Abasena variety.......

Keywords: sesame, varieties, yield characters

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