IOSR-JAVS   Volume-14 ~ Issue-4 ~ April 2021

ABSTRACT: As it is known, walnut cultivation is widely carried out in almost every part of the world. In general, chemical fertilizers whose use is increasing in traditional walnut growing places; It has caused bad consequences such as the impoverishment of the soil as organic matter, the pollution of groundwater, and the deterioration of the chemical structure of the soil. According to 2018 FAO data, 3,662,507 tons of walnuts were produced from a total of 1,159,484 ha worldwide. In addition, according to 2018 FAO data, 188,159,954 tons of chemical fertilizers (N, P2O5, K2O) were used in agricultural areas worldwide. In recent years, the use of organic or natural fertilizers has started to be preferred by producers due to low yield, healthier crops, and increased fertilizer costs. In this study, some worldwide studies on the use of natural or organic fertilizers related to walnuts are discussed.

Keywords: Juglans regia, fertilizer, organic, yield

[1]. Acevedo-Barrera, A.A., Soto-Parra, J., Yañez-Muñoz, R.M., 2013. "Impacto de la fertilizacion nutricional en la calidad de la nuez pecanera," Juyyaania, s. 1, ss. 1.
[2]. Akça, Y., 2001. "Ceviz Yetiştiriciliği,"Arı Ofset Matbaası.
[3]. Anonymous 2020. "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walnut,"
[4]. Bhattarai, B.P., Tomar, C.S., 2009. "Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Leaf Nutrient Status of Walnut (Juglans regia L.)," Nepal Journal of Science and Technology, c. 10, s. 2009, ss. 63-67.
[5]. Bilgin, N.A., Mısırlı, A., Şen, F., 2020. "Cevizde (cv. Chandler) Kompoze Mikrobiyal Gübre Kullanımının Verim ve Kalite Parametreleri Üzerine Etkilerinin Araştırılması," Ziraat Mühendiliği, s. 370, ss. 84-93.

ABSTRACT: This study assessed blood chemistry and semen qualityof rabbit bucks fed plantain, oil palm and Calopogoniummuconoides foliage using forty-eight animals, aged six weeks old. The animals were shared into four groups of 12 animals each. Average weights of animals per group were balanced across groups. The animal groupswere randomly allotted to four treatments. Each treatment was further divided into three replicates of four animals each. The treatments included groups ACML(calopogonium leaves as control), BPTL (plantain leaves), COPL (oil palm leaves) and, DPTL +OPL (50% oil palm leaves+ 50% plantain leaves). Each animal was housed individually in cages and given a fixed amount of concentrate pellets daily forthe 56-day duration.Forages and water were offered ad libitum. Completely randomized design, one-way analysis of variance was used for the study......

Key words: Dry season feeding, waste, forage

[1]. Oseni, S. O. and Lukefahr, S. D. (2014). Rabbit production in low-input systems in Africa: situation, knowledge and perspectives – a review. World Rabbit Science, 22: 147-160.
[2]. Iheukwumere, C. C., Ahaotu, E. O. and Nwoye, E. O. (2018). Studies on the benefits and problems of rabbit production in Abia State, Nigeria. International Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 5: 23-28.
[3]. Abang, F. P. B., Zoo, E. and Odunlade, T. (2017). Economics of production of weaner rabbits fed diets containing fresh water snail (Pila ampullacea) shell ash. Asian Research Journal of Agriculture, 7 (2): 1-5.
[4]. Iyeghe-Erakpotobor, G. T. (2007). Effect of concentrate and forage type on performance and digestibility of growing rabbits under sub-humid tropical conditions. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 2 (3): 125-132.
[5]. Obua, B. E., Okocha, C. N. and Nwaoha, L. E. (2012). Proximate composition and anti-
nutritional factors of some forage species used in feeding rabbits in Umudike, humid southeastern Nigeria. International Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 15 (3): 1275-1286..

ABSTRACT: Inclusion of phytogenic feed additives in feeds could transfer their positive sensory and nutritional attributes toproducts obtained from animals consuming the additive-supplemented diet. This study evaluated the proximate, mineral and cholesterol contents as well as sensory value of meat from rabbits fed aidan (Tetrapleuratetraptera) as dietary phyto-additive. Forty-eight, 6-week old New Zealand rabbit bucks were used for the 56-day study. The animals were shared into four groups (T1 to T4) of twelve animals each. They were further split into three replicates of four animals each. T1 group were fed the control diet which did not containaidan. Groups T2, T3 and T4 were fed diets in which aidan was added to diets at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 % levels, respectively. Each animal was offered 400 g of forage per day. On last day of the study, one rabbit per group was slaughtered and the meat used to assess the proximate......

Key words: Phytogenic, organoleptic, mineral nutrients, bucks

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[4]. Hughes, P. and Heritage, J. (2004). Antibiotic growth-promoters in food animals. In: S. Jutzi, ed. Assessing quality and safety of animal feed. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), pp 129-152.
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ABSTRACT: The study on the growth performance of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings fed separately on plankton, multi-feeds and a combination of multi feed and plankton lasted for 8 weeks. Clarias gariepinus used for the study were acclimated for one week in plastic bowl, before commencement of the experiment on the fingerlings, (10) each were stocked into these plastic bowls which were further grouped into three to give three treatments and five replicates labeled A1, B2, and C3. Treatment 1 (C1-C5) were fed with multi-feed, Treatment 2 (C2-C5) were fed plankton and Treatment 3 (C3-C5) were fed with multi fed and plankton 5% body weight mainly copepods and cyclopods. Total length and the weight of fish were measured weekly and used as growth indices. Data collected were analyzed using one way analysis of variance. Results from the study review that Treatment 1 and 3 were not significantly different from each other (p>0.005) for both length and weight, but were different from Treatment 2 (p<0.005). Based on supplement helps to reduce cost of production and still ensure optimal production.

[1]. Agbon, A. O. P. C. Ofejekwu, I. S. Ezenwaka and Alegbeleye, (2002).Acute toxicity of diazionon on rotifers, Cyclops, mosquitoe larvae and fish. J. Applied Sci. Environ. Manag. 6;18-21.
[2]. Ajah, P.O. (1998). A comparism of growth and survival of Heterobranchuslongifilis larvae fed on artemianauplil and nine non-artemia live diets. Trop. Freshwater Biol.7:1-15.
[3]. Arimoro, F. O. and P.C. Ofojekwu, (2003). Incidence of feeding growth and survival of the toothed carp, apphyosemiongairdnerilarvae reared on the freshwater rotifers Branchionuscalyciflorus. Trop.Freshwater Biol., 12/13: 35-43.
[4]. Arimoro, F.O. and P.C. Ofojekwu, (2004). Some aspect of the culture, population dynamics and reproductive rates of the freshwater rotifers, Branchiomuscalyciflorous fed selected diets. J. Aquat. Sci. 19:95-98.
[5]. Arimoro, F.O. (2005). Preliminary investigation into the isolation, culture and suitability of the freshwater rotifers, Branchionuscalyciflorus as starter food for the African catfish Heterobranchuslongifilis larvae. J. Sci. Ind Studies, 3:27-33.

ABSTRACT: The West African village chicken characterised by small body size, low productivity, disease tolerance and strong links to local traditions is spread extensively within the sub-region especially in the rural settings. However, not much is known about its genetic diversity and population structure. In this study, the maternal genetic diversity and population structure of these chicken populations were characterised using sequence analysis of a 920-bp fragment of the mitochondrial DNA D-loop region. A total of 127 genomic samples were taken from the village chickens from four country populations (Gambia, Togo, Liberia and Nigeria). The mtDNA D-loop region was amplified following standard PCR protocols, using the primer pair of AV1F2: 5′-AGGACTACGGCTTGAAAAGC-3′ and 5′-TGCTTAAGGTTAATTACTGCTG-3′ based on complete mtDNA chicken genome. Sequencing was done using Sanger's dideoxy chain termination method. In addition, 268 sequence samples harvested from.....

Key words: village chicken; West Africa; genetic diversity; mitochondrial DNA; D-Loop.

[1]. Adebambo, A. O., Mobegi, V. A. , Mwacharo, J. M., Oladejo, B. M., Adewale, R. A., Ilori, L. O., Makanjuola, B. O., Afolayan, O., Bjornstad, G., Jianlin, H. and Hanotte, O. (2010). Lack of phylogeographic structure in Nigerian village chickens revealed by mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequence analysis. International Journal of Poultry Science 9: 503 – 507.
[2]. Ajibike, A.B., Adeleye, O.O., Ilori, B.M., Osinbowale, D.A., Adeniyi, O.A., Durosaro, S.O., Sanda, A.J., Adebambo, O.A. and Adebambo, A.O. (2017). Genetic diversity, phylogeographic structure and effect of selection at the mitochondrial hypervariable region of Nigerian chicken populations. Journal of Genetics 96(2) 959-968.
[3]. Branine, M. (2011). Managing Across Cultures: Concepts, Policies and Practices. p. 437.SAGE Publications Ltd, London.
[4]. Ceccobelli, S., Di Lorenzo, P., Lancioni, H., Monteagudo Ibanez, L.V.V., Tejedor, M.T.T., Castellini, C., Landi, V., Martinez Martinez,A., Delgado Bermejo,J.V.V., Vega Pla, J.L.L., Leon Jurado, J.M.M., Garcia, N., Attard, G., Grimal, A., Stojanovic, S., Kume, K., Panella, F., Weigend, S. and Lasagna, E. (2015). Genetic diversity and phylogeographic structure of Mediterranean chicken breeds assessed with microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA. Livestock Science 175: 27–3628
[5]. Chen, J., Glemin, S. and Lascoux, M. (2017). Genetic diversity and the efficacy of purifying selection across plant and animal species. Molecular Biology and Evolution 34(6):1417-1 428.

ABSTRACT: Background: Bluetongue is an infectious, non-contagious, arthropod-borne viral hemorrhagic disease of ruminants and camelids. The disease is caused by the Bluetongue virus (BTV), and the virus infects most ruminants and camelid species but clinical disease is usually only seen erratically in certain breeds of sheep and some species of wild ruminants. The clinical signs observed, include facial edema, hemorrhages, and ulceration on the oral mucosa and coronitis. Bluetongue virus (BTV) outbreaks can cause substantial economic losses, even subclinical infection may carry significant associated costs, including direct loss such as weight loss, meat efficiency, reduced milk yield, infertility, abortion, and death, the indirect loss was largely due to export restrictions for live animals, their semen and.....

Key Word: Bluetongue Virus, Ruminants, Camels, Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain
reaction, Maiduguri, Nigeria.

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[4]. Maan, S.; Maan, N. S.; Nomikou, K.; Batten, C.; Antony, F.; Belaganahalli, M. N.; Samy, A. M.; Abdel Reda, A.; Al-Rashid, S. A.; El Batel, M.; Oura, C. A. L.; Mertens, P. P. C. Novel Bluetongue Virus Serotype from Kuwait. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2011, 17 (5), 886–889. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1705.101742.
[5]. Elbers, A. R. W.; Backx, A.; Meroc, E.; Gerbier, G.; Staubach, C.; Hendrickx, G.; van der Spek, A.; Mintiens, K. Field Observations during the Bluetongue Serotype 8 Epidemic in 2006. I. Detection of First Outbreaks and Clinical Signs in Sheep and Cattle in Belgium, France and the Netherlands. Prev. Vet. Med. 2008, 87 (1–2), 21–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2008.06.004..

ABSTRACT: A Feeding trial was conducted for eight weeks to evaluate the effect of replacing Maize with graded levels of Yam Peel Meal (YPM) in the diet of growing Rabbits on growth performance, apparent nutrient digestibility, carcass characteristics and cost benefit. A total of 36 rabbits of mixed breeds (New Zealand and Chinchilla) were procured and used for the study. The rabbits were individually weighed and randomly assigned to four dietary treatment groups with 12 rabbits and replicated three times with three rabbits per replicate in a completely Randomized Design. Rabbits in dietary treatment T1 (0%YPM) served as control while those in T2, T3 and T4 had 12.5, 25.0 and 37.5 % YPM as......

Key words: Energy, feed, ingredients, unconventional

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[4]. Foku, V. K, Defang, H. F., Kana S. D. A., Amandine, M., Fonteh , F. A. A., Mube, K. H., Ndukum, J. A. 2019. Effects of graded levels of boiled wild sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia Hemsl A. Gray) leaf meal on growth and carcass characteristics of rabbits. Journal of Animal &Plant Sciences. 41(2):6940-6950. https://doi.org/10.35759/JAnmPlSci.v41-2.7
[5]. Swain, B. K., Naik, P. K., and Singh, N. P. 2014. Unconventional feed resources for efficient poultry production. Technical Bulletin No. 47, ICAR-ICAR Research Complex for Goa, Old Goa 403 402, Goa, India.

ABSTRACT: The study investigated the potentials of organic chelates used in enhancing micro nutrients in cassava to reduce the cyanide concentration in cassava Root. The study used EDTA as standard chelate, Bontera as a commercial organic chelate and periwinkle effluents (PE) and Smoke Solution (SS) as local organic chelates. The cultivars used were TME419 and TMS3168/UMUCASS/36 also known as YELLOW ROOT (YR). One hundred (100ml) of 100μg of zinc obtained from zinc oxide and 100μg of iodine obtained from potassium iodide were added separately and combined to 5000ml each of deionized water, 1ml/L Bontera, 1ml/L EDTA, Periwinkle effluents and Smoke solution. The treatments were applied through foliar application at 3 months after planting, repeated 3 weeks later and 7 months after planting. From the results obtained, it indicates that to reduce hydrogen cyanide concentration in cassava using.....

[1]. Cardoso, P.A., Mirione, E., Ernesto, M., Massaza, F., Cliff, J., Haque, M.R and Bradbury, J.H (2005). Processing of Cassava roots to remove Cyanogens. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 18, 451 - 460
[2]. Essers, S.A.J.A., Bosveld, M., Der Van Grift, R.M and Voragen, A.G.J (1993). Studies on the Quantification of Specific Cyanogens in Cassava products and Introduction of new Chromogen, Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 63(3), 287 – 296.
[3]. Hendry-Hofer, T.B; Ng, P.C and Bebata, V.S (2019). A Review on Ingested Cyanide: Risks, clinical Presentation, Diagnostic, and Treatment Challenges. Journal of Medical Toxicology 2019 Apr; 15(2), 128- 133.
[4]. Ikuli, J. M and Akonye, LA (2019). Microbial Soil Enhancer: The Panecea to Land as a limiting Resource in Agricultural Productivity. Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences 9 (1), 65 – 75.
[5]. Kwok, J (2008). Food Safety Focus; Incident in Focus "Cyanide Poisoning and Cassava Risk communication Section, Centre for Food Safety (19). Retrieved 20th October, 2019.

ABSTRACT:Background: In cattle, male infertility or subfertility is mainly contributed by the molecular and cellular defects of the spermatozoa affecting the fertilizing ability of the bull's ejaculate on the whole. Hence précised screening of ejaculates for elimination of subfertile or infertile bulls are warranted for a successful progeny testing program, breeding program or semen preservation. The objective of this study was to elucidate bull to bull variation in sperm structural and functional parameters, functional protein expression and associated fertility of crossbred bulls in Tamil Nadu, India.
Materials and Methods: Forty ejaculates from six healthy Jersey crossbred bulls were collected using artificial vagina (AV). After initial screening for motility and morphology ejaculates were ejaculates were divided into two aliquots and one aliquot was frozen using......

Keywords: Cross-bred bull; Sperm; DNA; Membrane; Protein; Fertility

[1]. Amann, R.P. and DeJarnette, J.M. 2012. Impact of genomic selection of AI dairy sires on their likely utilization and methods to estimate fertility: a paradigm shift. Theriogenology. 77:795-817.
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[4]. Erikson, D.W., Way, A.L., Chapman, D.A. and Killian G.J. 2007. Detection of osteopontin on Holstein bull spermatozoa, in cauda epididymal fluid and testis homogenates, and its potential role in bovine fertilization. Reproduction. 133:909-917.
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ABSTRACT: A male, Mullinoise breed, police (K9) dog, 30 kg weight and of 4 years old, had been brought to the Veterinary Clinical Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Basrah, Iraq, with patient history and signs of anorexia, discomfort, intermittent diarrhea. On clinical examination, the diseased dog exhibited different clinical manifestations such as Abdominal type of respiration, Colicky pain and looked at his flank some times, Moderate degree of dehydration with sunken eyes, and Edema of hind legs is obvious with pits on pressure. Moreover, the diseased dog shows......

Keyword: Dog, large intestine, Stenosis, Iraq

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ABSTRACT: The present study, carried out in three eco-climatic zones in central western Niger, aims to analyze the farmer's criteria for assessing the palatability of spontaneous fodder grasses and the functioning of natural pastures.The data collection method is based on individual and collective phytoecological observations and interviews.Sixty-nine (69) spontaneous forage herbaceous plants palatable by livestock, divided into nineteen (19) families were identified. With regard to the distribution of forage grasses, two (2) trends stand out: species with inter-zone distribution (present in natural pastures in two or three eco-climatic zones) and those with intra-zone distribution (which are found only in pastures of a single zone).Sorensen Community Index values calculated on the basis of citing frequencies of volunteer forage.....

Key Word: diversity, distribution, palatability, herbaceous fodder, natural pastures, Niger

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