IOSR-JAVS   Volume-14 ~ Issue-6 ~ June 2021

ABSTRACT: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remains an alarming issue with public-health concern and economic implications on human and animal populations worldwide. These antibiotics have so far been associated with high burden of diseases and the ramifications of veterinary antibiotic resistance of Salmonella spp., on the Sustainable Development Goals cannot be teased out. This review paper highlights the epidemiology of Salmonella spp., and antibiotic resistance in livestock productions systems.

Key Word: Epidemiology, Antimicrobial resistance; Salmonella, Livestock Systems

[1]. Pavlov A, Lashev L, Vachin I, Rusev V: Residues of antimicrobial drugs in chicken meat and offals. Trakia J Sci 2008, 6(1):23-25.
[2]. Elmi SA, Simons D, Elton L, Haider N, Abdel Hamid MM, Shuaib YA, Khan MA, Othman I, Kock R, Osman AY: Identification of Risk Factors Associated with Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates from Poultry Farms in the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia: A Cross Sectional Study. Antibiotics 2021, 10(2):117.
[3]. Marazuela M, Bogialli S: A review of novel strategies of sample preparation for the determination of antibacterial residues in foodstuffs using liquid chromatography-based analytical methods. Analytica Chimica Acta 2009, 645(1-2):5-17.
[4]. Holmes AH, Moore LS, Sundsfjord A, Steinbakk M, Regmi S, Karkey A, Guerin PJ, Piddock LJ: Understanding the mechanisms and drivers of antimicrobial resistance. The Lancet 2016, 387(10014):176-187.
[5]. Fancher CA, Zhang L, Kiess AS, Adhikari PA, Dinh TT, Sukumaran AT: Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens: Challenges in no antibiotics ever broiler production and potential solutions. Microorganisms 2020, 8(10):1533.

ABSTRACT: Indonesia is known as an archipelagic country. Most of Indonesia's territory is the ocean. Considering that the territory of Indonesia consists of many islands, the potential for the development of seaweed cultivation is very large. This study focused on the supply of seaweed in the Tinanggea district, South Konawe Regency. The purpose of this study was to determine the supply chain mechanism and the performance of the seaweed supply chain in the South Konawe Regency. The method used in this research was descriptive qualitative and quantitative methods, namely research by describing the situation in the field through direct interviews, sampling techniques were carried out......

Keywords: Seaweed, Supply Chain Management, Supply Chain Performance

[1]. Alejandro H. Buschmann, Carolina Camus, Javier Infante, Amir Neori, Álvaro Israel, María C. Hernández-González, Sandra V. Pereda, Juan Luis Gomez-Pinchetti, Alexander Golberg, Niva Tadmor-Shalev&Alan T. Critchley, 2017. Seaweed production: an overview of the global state of exploitation, farming, and emerging research activity, European Journal of Phycology, Volume 52, 2017 - Issue 4: Applied Phycology Special Issue, Pages 391-406, Accepted 11 Jul 2017, Published online: 10 Oct 2017.
[2]. Anis, M., Ahmed, S. & Hasan, M., 2017. Algae as Nutrition, Medicine,and Cosmetic: The Forgotten History, Present Status,and Future Trend. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 6: 1934–1959.
[3]. Anggraini, D., 2006. Faktor-faktor yang MempengaruhiPermintaanEkspor Kopi Indonesia dari Amerika Serikat. Semarang: Magister IlmuEkonomi dan Studi Pembangunan-UNDIP
[4]. Bixler, H.H.J. & Porse, H., 2011. A Decade Of Change In The Seaweed Hydrocolloids Industry. Journal of Applied Phycology, 23: 321–335.
[5]. BPPT, 2021.EksistensiRumput Laut, http://humas@bppt.go.id

ABSTRACT: The quest for an appropriate weed control technology in Nigeria led to the conversion of a road power mini-truck to a farm-power Self-Propelled Cost-Effective Herbicide Boom Sprayer by installing a 25:1 Gear Reducer between the mini-truck Gearbox and its rear axle. Motion was tapped from the tail of the mini-truck Gearbox through V-belt transmission to an intermediate gearbox to drive the spray pump. A 100-liter capacity Herbicide tank together with a Spray Boom of five impact nozzles and other appurtenances were assembled on the rear frame of the mini-truck to complete the construction of the novel machineat Agricultural and Bio-Resources Engineering Department, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. Performance evaluation of the machine was carried out both in the laboratory and in the field, while Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) through Statistical.......

Keywords: Spray, Characteristics, ANOVA, Pressure, Height, Optimum

[1]. Adeleke, S. A., Agbongiarhuoyi, A. E., Oyedokun, A. V., Oluyole, K. A., Okeniyi, M.O. and Oloyede, A. A. (2017). Implication of Sprayer Types Used by Farmers for Controlling Insect Pests and Diseases of Cocoa in South West Nigeria. International Journal of Innovative Research and Development, V6/I6; p. 222.
[2]. ASABE (2018). ASABE S572.1 Droplet Size Classification. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers.
[3]. Chen Y., Mao E., Li W., Zhang S., Song Z., Yang S. and Chen J. (2020). Design and experiment of a high-clearance self-propelled sprayer chassis. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering Vol. 13 No. 2.
[4]. Harcy S. and Hill J. (2006). Calibrating boom sprayers.NSW Department of Primary Industries, Locked Bag 26; Gosford NSW 2250, p. 2.
[5]. Jones B. J. (2006). Selecting nozzles for hand-held applicators. Technical Development, Forest Management Division, Forest Research Dumfries; DG1 1QB ISSN 1470-6792, ISBN 0-85538-702-5.; p. 5.

ABSTRACT: Based on data from BPS (2017) for the area and production of rubber plantations according to their ownership in 2017, it turns out that Banyuasin Regency is 91,004 hectares for harvested area. As for the production itself, it reached a value of 93,777 tons. As for the sub-district, Banyuasin III sub-district has the largest harvested area of 16,191 hectares, while for its own production it is 16,666 tons. Based on this description, this study aims to analyze the behavior of rubber farmers, analyze the production and income of rubber farmers, analyze the relationship between behavior and farmers' incomes in Banyuasin III District, Banyuasin Regency. This research will be conducted in Banyuasin III District, Banyuasin Regency. The selection of this location was carried out purposively (deliberately.....

Keywords: Behavior; Farmers; Income; Pandemic; Production; Rubber

[1]. Azamfirei R. (2020). The 2019 Novel Coronavirus: A Crown Jewel of Pandemics? The Journal of Critical Care Medicine 6 (1): p3-4.
[2]. BPS, K. B. (2017). People's Rubber Plantation by District in Banyuasin Regency 2017.
[3]. Dalimunthe, N. C. J. M. (2013). Analyzing The Implementation of LKM Posdaya Kenanga to Micro Entrepreneur Income Level in Situ Gede Village. Jurnal Penyuluhan, 9(2).
[4]. Damanik, J. aman. (2013). Analysis of Factors Affecting Income of Rice Farmers in Masaran District, Sragen Regency. 2(4), 446–455.
[5]. Mamondol, M R; Sabe, F. (2016). The Effect of Land Size on Revenue , Cost Production , and Income of Rice Field Farming at Toinasa Village West Pamona District. Jurnal Envira, 1, 48–59.

ABSTRACT:Background: Durumwheat is the major cereal cultivated in Tunisia for both Human nutrition and feed. As part of the valorization of genetic resources process in the National Gene Bank of Tunisia, we analyzed the genetic diversity of somelocal durum wheat accessions grown in Tunisia formore than one century. This old germplasm may be used as potentialparent genitorsinbreeding for high yielding phenotypesin semi-arid and arid regions. Methods: Agronomic characters and microsatellite molecular markers were used to study the genetic diversity among durum wheat accessions. Statistical analyses combined with other computational tools allowed drawingsimilarity dendrogram,describing genetic distances, and determining the similarity coefficient between accessions....

Key Words: Genetic diversity, SSR, Dendrogram, Genetic improvement

[1]. Babay .E, K. Khamassi, W. Sabetta, M.M. Miazzi, C. Montemurro, D. Pignone, D. Danzi, M.M. Finetti-Sialer, G. Mangini. Serendipitous In Situ Conservation of Faba Bean Landraces in Tunisia: A Case Study, Genes. 11 (2020) 236. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes11020236.
[2]. Khalil Khamassi, Ian J. Mackay, Mohamed B. Ali, Salah Rezgui, Donal O' Sullivan, Fayçal Ben Jeddi (2014). Agro-morphological Variation and Nutritional Qualitative Trait Screening among Field bean (Vicia faba L. var minor). Legume Genomics and Genetics 05/2014; Vol. 5(3). ISSN: 1925.DOI: 10.5376/lgg.2014.05.0003.
[3]. K. Khamassi, L. Bettaiëb Ben Kaab, S.Khoufi, R. Chaabane, Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva, I. J. Mackay, and M. Ben Naceur (2012). Morphological and Molecular Diversity of Tunisian Chickpea. Europ.J.Hort.Sci. 77 (1). S. 31–40, ISSN 1611-4426. Verlag Eugen Ulmer KG, Stuttgart ISSN (printed): 1611-4426 ISSN (electronic): 1611-4434. (Impact factor: 0,459);
[4]. Sahari Khoufi, Khalil Khamassi, Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva, Ramzi Chaabane, M' Barek Ben Naceur (2012). Morphological and molecular characterization of six of the most frequently cultivated hard wheat varieties in Tunisia, Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science Vol. 4(7):106-114. Print ISSN: 1752-3478.
[5]. Khalil Khamassi , Sahari Khoufi, Ramzi, Chaabane, Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva, M'barek Ben Naceur (2011). Optimization of Conditions for Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Using SSR Markers. International journal Plant Breeding (Global Sciences Book).(2):141-145. Print ISSN: 1752-3478

ABSTRACT: Sifting of cassava mash is an essential unit operation for the production of gari and still a manual operation in tropical crop processing. In this study, the existing machine was modified, tested and performance evaluation was also carried out at three moisture content levels (24.6%, 22.3%, and 20.2%) wet basis at varying speeds of (1200rpm, 970rpm, and 730 rpm) and feed rate of (5kg, 10kg, 15kg, and 20kg). The results show that the sifter has the highest efficiency of 99.4% at 20.2% moisture content at the sifting speed of 1200rpm. Output Capacity of 569.03kg/hr was obtained and this increased as the feed rate increases at 20.2% moisture content. Analysis of Variance for the Sifting Efficiency was computed and the result reveals that the speed, feed rate, and moisture content are significant. The machine is affordable and adequately manageable therefore recommended for the small scale and medium scale cassava processor.

[1]. Agbetoye, L. A. S. (1999): Development in Cassava Harvesting Mechanization. West Indian J. Eng. 1999, 22, 11-19.
[2]. Ernesto, M., Cardoso, A.P, Cliff, J, Bradbury, J.H, (2009): Cyanogenic Potential of CassavaFlour; field trial. Food Sci. Nutr., 49: 93-99
[3]. Kim, H.S, (2009): Cassava; Gabon seeks Nigerian help;
http://cassavamews/blogspot.com/2009/cassava.Gabon.seek.Nigerias.help.html
[4]. NCRI, (2006). Cassava processing publication National cereal research institute. Research briefs June 2006. Pg.10
[5]. Peter O. K., Leo A., Simeon O.A., (2010). Sustaining world food security with improved cassava processing technology: the Nigeria experience sustainability 2010, 2.3683-3694;doi:10.3390/su2123681.

ABSTRACT: Background: smoked dry fish is a widely consumed foodstuff throughout the world, mainly in coastal areas. However, these foods not well managed are subject to insects and Mold attacks, with dangerous consequences on consumers health. This study aims toassess insects attacks, sensory characteristics and fungal species associated with the contamination of smoke-dried fish. Methods: survey study lead to the collection of 1200 smoke dry fish samples of three different speciesin four Cameroon markets, at the rate of 10 per species per record trader. The samples divided in two groups in which the first were subject to sensory (general appearance and flavor, Color, texture, and acceptability)and weevil impact analysis and the second used for fungi determinationon PDA media. All the......

Keywords: Smoked dry fish, insects, Fungal, Aspergillus, market.

[1]. Akande G. R, Tobor J. G., (2012). Improved utilization and increased availability of fishing products as an effective control of aggravated animal protein deficiency induced malnutrition in Nigeria proceedings of the 10th annual conference of the fisheries society of Nigeria. 2012: pp.18-31.
[2]. Akande GR, JG Tobor (1993). Forms in which fish is preserved before consumption in Nigeria. Fish Network, 1-15.
[3]. Akwuobu, C.A., Antiev, W.S. and Ofukwu, R.A.-P. (2019) Fungal Contaminants of Smoke-Dried Fish Sold in Open Markets in Makurdi, Benue State, North-Central Nigeria. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 10, 290-297.
[4]. Alhassan, E. H., Boateng, V. F., andNdaigo, C. (2012). Smoked and frozen fish consumption and marketing channels in the Tamale metropolis of Ghana. Ghana Journal of Development Studies, 9(1), 21–28. https://doi.org/10.4314/gjds.v9i1.2.
[5]. Ayuba, V.O., Alhassan, M. and Jimmy, U (2013). Assessment of the Microbial Load of Smoked Sardine (Sardina pilchardus, Walbaum, 1792) Sold in Makurdi Markets. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2, 277-287.