IOSR-JAVS   IOSR-JAVS   Volume-7 ~ Issue-12 ~ DEC-2014

ABSTRACT: To minimize the loss of spoilage, the most perishable food item (ex-fish) different types of processing and preservation method like smoking have been introduced and practiced throughout the world including Bangladesh. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of natural preservatives such as salt and garlic on the shelf-life of smoke-dried commercially important freshwater fish species in Bangladesh viz., Chapila and Guchi Baim fish product and to analyzed biochemical composition and sensory qualities storage at refrigeration temperature (40C).

[1]. DoF, 2008. Matshaw Sampad Unnayan Avijan (in Bengali). Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Dhaka, Bangladesh. pp. 11-82.
[2]. Bene, C. and Heck, S. 2005. Fish and Food Security in Africa. NAGA, World Fish. Centre quarterly vol. 28. no 3 and 4 July December.
[3]. Eyo, A. A. 2001. Fish processing technology in the tropics, University of Ilorin Press. 403pp
[4]. Anon, 2000. Communication from the commission to the counciland the parliament. Con (2000) 724, Brussade European commission, 20pp.
[5]. Olley, J. Doe, P.E. and Heruwat, E.S. 2000. The Influence of Drying and Smoking on the Nutritional properties of Fish: An introductory Overview. In International Union Nutritional Sciences Conf. Malaysia (2000) Pp 1-6.

ABSTRACT: The experiment was conductedina field Crop Science Department in AbuGharaq/Hella/Babylon provinceduring 2013to study the effectof foursowing dates(15/5 , 15/6, 15/7 and 15/8) , five spraying treatments(salicylic acid0.5 and 0.1mM, humicacid, highphosphorus fertilizer , in addition to control)and their interaction on yield of mung bean plants. Randomized complete block design under split plot arrangement in triplicate was used. Plants were sprayed twice (after 30and 45 daysof seeding) and therequired measurementswere analyzedandthe results showed that: Second time of seeding was superior in the number of pods.plant-1 , 100 seeds weight, seed protein content and seed yield. Forth seeding time was superior in pod seed number and pod length. High phosphate fertilizer was superior in the number of pods.plant-1 , pod seed number , pod length, protein percentage and seed yield. Humic acid was superior in 100 seeds weight. The interaction of high phosphate in second seeding was superior in the number of pods.plant-1 , 100 seeds weight and seed yield.
Key words: foliar fertilizer, mung bean, seeding time , salicylic acid, humic acid.

[1]. Anjum, M.S. , Z. I. Ahmed, and C. A. Rauf, 2006. "Effect of Rhizobium inoculation and nitrogen fertilizer on yield and yield components of mungbean," Int. J. Agric. and Biol., 8( 2) : 238–240.
[2]. El-Shraiy, A. M.and Hegazi, A. M. 2009. Effect of acetylsalicylic acid, indole-3- butyric acid and gibberellic acid on plant growth and yield of pea (PisumsativumL.). Aust. J. Bas. Appl. Sci., 3(4): 3514-3523.
[3]. Chen, Y. and Aviad T. (1990). Effects of humic substance on plant growth. In McCarthy, CE Clapp, RL Malcolm, PR Bloom (eds.). Humic substances in soil and crop sciences. Soil Sci. Soc.Amer. pp.161-186.
[4]. Tan, K. H. (2003). Humic Matter in Soil Environment, Principles and Controversies, Marcel Dekker , Inc. 270 Madison Avenue, New York.
[5]. Aochalm, S.N. 2006. Growth , yield and quality of different genotypesfrom rapeseed bythe effect ofplanting date. PhD thesis. Faculty of Agriculture. University of Baghdad/Iraq.

ABSTRACT: This study was aimed at analyzing the fishermen and the fish farmers household economic conditions living around the coal mining activity site and comparing them to those living in the site of no coal mining activity. Tanah Laut Regency has many fishermen and fish farmers and there are also coal mining activities.The study found that the mining companies operating on the study site was small-scaled companies, but that operating around the villages was large-scaled one. This mining operations contribute to the carrying capacity of environmental conditions, especially fish farming activities. Shrimp pond activities in the study area have always failed in the last several years that caused the fishermen and the fish farmers have to move to other work in order to meet their household economic needs and even there were some fish ponds sold.The small-scaled coal mining companies in this area have not conducted the empowerment program for surrounding communties despite providing some non-skill working opportunies for few local people, such as security staff and other loading and unlouding labors.Small-scaled fishermen (<5GT) of Muara Kintap village, particularly danish seine bottom fish and shrimp danish seine fishermen, were not directly affected by the mining activities, because their fishing grounds were in the lane of 3-6 miles, but for traditional smale-scaled fishermen with the fishing ground less than 3 miles, it is potential to have conflict in utilizing the coastal areas. In general, average monthly income of small-scaled fishermen in Muara Kintap was higher than those in Bawah Layung, Kurau District. Thirteen percent of the fishermen have monthly incomebelow the labor minimum wage of South Kalimantan, and all belonged to traditional small-scaled fishermen having limited access to the aquatic resources.
Keywords: Fishermen, fish farmer, coal mining, househoud economy.

[1]. Arifin, F. andA.S. Hidayat, 2003. Identification andecological degradation study of living resources in the coastal waters of Tanah Laut Regency. Marine and Fisheries Services, Tanah Laut Regency.
[2]. BPS-Statistics of Tanah Laut Regency, 1999. Gross Regional Domestic Product of Tanah Laut Regency South Kalimantan in1999.
[3]. BPS-Statistics of Tanah Laut Regency, 2006. Gross Regional Domestic Product of Tanah Laut Regency South Kalimantan in2006.
[4]. BPS-Statistics of Tanah Laut Regency, 2012. Gross Regional Domestic Product of Tanah Laut Regency South Kalimantan in2012.
[5]. BPS-Statistics of Indonesia, 2013, The development ofminimum wage/ProvincesinIndonesia. www.bps.go.id

ABSTRACT: Decision making in agriculture had been embedded with a scientific planning for higher yields to cater the needs of overwhelming population and higher benefits for the prosperity of the farmers. The optimal cropping pattern that is allocation of land to various crops by making use of limited resources has become majorchallenge to fetch higher profits. Traditionally, farmers have relied on experience, intuition and comparisons with their neighbors to make decisions regarding cropping pattern. Basically,profit is a function of many factors which are sometimes beyond our control; hence intuitionand experience do not guarantee the optimal (maximum) profits. Many researches provided the optimum cropping patterns using Linear Programming (LP) technique in case of fixed prices (profits) of crops. But volatility in prices is very high for vegetable crops (cash crops) due to their expensive cultivation with high risk of profitability despite enhanced profits over food crops.Uncertainty in prices has countless impact on net returns ofcrops in agriculture. This paper aimed to provide a procedure for handling the volatility in profits of vegetable crops using Fuzzy Multi objective Linear Programming (FMOLP) along with step wise procedure to solve the model very easily using solver tool in MS-Excel. Numerical example cited in this paper is based on crisp profit coefficients and their chance of occurrence (probability) observedover period.
Key words: Optimum Land allocation, Multiobjective LPP, Uncertain profits, Solver in Excel.

[1]. Andres Weintraub and Carlos Romero (2006), "Operations Research Models and the Management of Agricultural and Forestry Resources: A Review and Comparison", INFORMS, 36, 5, 446-457.
[2]. AnjeliGarg, Shiva Raj Singh(2011), Optimization under uncertainty in Agricultural production planning‟ UGC MRP report.
[3]. Bellman R.E., Zadeh L. A.(1970), Decision making in a fuzzy environment, Management Science 17 B, pp.141-164.
[4]. Biswas, Pal B. B.(2005), Application of fuzzy goal programming technique to land use planning in agriculture system, Omega33, pp. 391-398.
[5]. Buckley J.J.(1983), Fuzzy Programming and the Pareto Optimal Set, Fuzzy Sets and Systems 10, pp. 57-63.

ABSTRACT: There is gender division of women in farm labour in Niger State. The gender division of women in farm labour assigns women more responsibilities in the processing of groundnut as Agricultural Food Product and yet, women have no access to improved methods of groundnut processing and depend mainly on the traditional methods. Hence, this study was undertakento examine the determinants of women involvement and adoption of improved groundnut processing technologies using a total population sample size of 180 respondents. The results showed that education level, income and years of groundnut processing experience are significant at 5% probability level, that is, it has positive influence on the adoption and involvement of women processors on improved groundnut technologies. The result further revealed that about 85% and 78% of the respondents in the study area were involved on improved groundnut sheller and oil press technologies, respectively. And about 79% and 56% of the respondents also shows that they adopt improved groundnut sheller and oil press technologies respectively. This implied that women processors need support from government and Non-Governmental Organization (NGOs) to facilitate their involvement and adoption of improved groundnut technologies in the study area. Also, about 95% of the respondents in the study area indicated that there major constraints were increase in price of petro. This implied that petrol engine is used for processing when there is no electricity supply and women processors tend to spend more which is not economical and has negative influence on the involvement and adoption of improved groundnut technologies, in order to facilitate women processors involvement and adoption of improved groundnut technologies in the study area there is need for effective credit facilities either by Government or interested Non Governmental organization.
Keywords: Women processors, determinants, involvement, adoption, probit model.

[1]. Abba, A; Ndanitsa, M.A; Umar, I.S Ibrahim, M. and Abubakar, B. (2011). Pilot report for the preparation of One Local Government one Product (OLOP) Programme in Niger State. JICA-OLOP Technical cooperation in Nigeria.
[2]. Adepoju, S.O Umar, A.G and Agun, J.O (2007). An Appraisal of women in Kano Agricultural and Rural Development Authority (KNARDA) Extension Delivery programmes. Journal of Agricultural Extension, Vol. 10:22.
[3]. Ajayi, A.R. (2005). Training needs of village Extension workers in Osun State Agricultural Development Projects. Nigerian Journal of Agriculture and Teacher's Education. Vol (2): 1-10.
[4]. Centre for Agricultural Cooperation (CTA) (2003). The roles of a women in agricultural food processing; evidence from women right place in groundnut processing, spore bi-monthly bulletin (CTA) Netherlands, No 44.
[5]. Christiana, H.G ; Ken, L.B; Abe, G.C; Prefer T.H; K.J Max, L.; Donna, N.K; Peter, K; and Deideche, W. (2007). Gender and soil fertility in Africa. Soil science society of America special publication N0. 51. P 220.

ABSTRACT: The Andaman & Nicobar Islands are a group of 572 big and small Islands & Islets in the South Eastern part of Bay of Bengal. Nicobari pigs (Sus scrofa Nicobaricus) which are indigenous to these islands got domesticated and well adapted to the island ecosystem. A study was conducted on pig rearing system among the Nicobari tribes of Nicobar group of islands viz. Car Nicobar, Katchal, Nancowry, Kamorta, and Teressa. Results of the current study revealed that the Nicobari pigs were reared under traditional system by the Nicobari tribal community and the pigs were concentrated only in Nicobar group of islands. The pigs were reared and considered as family asset among the tribal. The phenotypic characters showed that the Nicobari pigs were indigenous to these islands and their existence was noted since many centuries. These pigs were reared under free range system. Nicobari tribes use various indigenously made materials/utensils for housing and feeding. Pigs were fed mainly with coconut and other locally available feed resources and in addition, pigs feed through scavenging and rooting. No commercial farms or sale of meat was practiced. It is concluded that the Nicobari pigs are considered as an indigenous pig germplasm (Sus scrofa Nicobaricus) belonging to this island territory and Nicobari tribes practices century old established indigenous technical knowledge in pig rearing and they are passed through many generations. ITK would significantly contribute to the generation and pave the way for exploitation of technology to benefit tribal/rural populations.
Keywords: Nicobari pig, Traditional rearing practices, Nicobari tribes, Nicobar Islands.

[1]. Anonymus. 2011. Independence Day : Special Supplement, The Daily Telegrams, Monday, August 15 , 2011, p 8.
[2]. Deka R, Thorpe W, Lapar ML and Kumar A. 2007. Kokrajhar‟s pig sub-sector: Current status, constraints and opportunities, In: Project Report: International Livestock Research Institute CG Block, NASC Complex, DPS Marg, Pusa Campus, New Delhi-110012, India.
[3]. Ramakrishna, Ragunathan C and Sivaperuman C. 2010. Chapter 01. Biodiversity of Andaman and Nicobar Islands-An overview, In: Recent Trends in Biodiversity of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, edited by Ramakrishna, Ragunathan C & Sivaperuman C, Published by the Director, (Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata), 2010, 1-42.
[4]. Jeyakuamar, S. and Jai Sunder. 2010 Conservation and characterization of Nicobari pig, In: Project Report, Central Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, India, 2010.
[5]. Verma, C., Bhatia, S., and Srivastava S. 2010. Traditional medicine of the Nicobarese, Indian J Traditional Knowledge, 9 (4) : 779-785.

ABSTRACT: Most farmers that keeping Ettawa Crossbred Goats (ECG) in the lowland (LL) and upland (UL) areas in East Java do not feed their goats with concentrate as it is considered costly. These farmers, however, use the leguminous leaves of gliricidia as part of their goats' ration. This experiment, hence, was designed to study the effect of the gliricidia leaves in substituting the commonly available proteinous concentrate on the ECG performance.A Randomized Block Design was employed including 2 location (upland and lowland) and three feed treatments with 4 replication.

[1]. Anothaisinthawee S,S Nakavisiut, S Yuyuen and T Thongchumroon 2012Dairy goats in Thailand. potential, opportunities and challenges. Countryreportpaper In proceedings of the 1st asiadairy goat conference, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 9 – 12 April, 2012, p 58-61, http://www.fao.org/docrep/017/i2891e/i2891e01.pdf
[2]. AOAC 1990Official methods of analysis 15thedition. Association of analyticalchemists, Washington DC.
[3]. AstutiD AandSudarman,A 2012 Dairygoats in Indonesia: potential, opportunities and challenges. Country reportpaperin proceedings of the 1st Asia dairy goat conference, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia 9 – 12 April 2012 p 49-53, http://www.fao.org/docrep/017/i2891e/i2891e01.pdf
[4]. AstutiD A, LaconiE Band SastradiprajaD. 2003Studies on milk production of Ettawa crossbred goat fed with tempe waste. XIXthEAAP Conference, Rostoc Germany. [5]. BarryT N and Mc.NabbWC1991Theimplication of CT on the nutritivevalue of temperateforagefed to ruminant. British J of Nutrition (1994) 81 263-272.www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10999013.

ABSTRACT: Field trials were conducted at two locations, namely the Teaching and Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri (11o47.840'N; 13 o12.021'E; elevation 319 m asl) and Damboa (11o10.736'N; 12 o47.100'E; elevation 398 m asl) on the trial site of the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) in Borno State both in Sudan Savanna zone of Nigeria during the 2010 and 2011 rainy seasons. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the agronomic performances of some improved cowpea varieties and to identify the morphological traits associated with high grain yield in the Sudan Savanna zone of Nigeria.

[1]. Akande, S. R. (2007). Biplot analysis of genotype by environment interaction of cowpea grain yield in forest and southern guinea savanna agro-ecologies of Nigeria. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment 5:(3&4),464-467.
[2]. Anonymous (2008). Cowpea: Abuja Securities and Commodity Exchange PLC. http://www.abujacomx.com
[3]. Duncan, O.B. (1955). Multiple Range and Multiple F-tests. Biometrics 11: 1-42.
[4]. Erkskine, W. and Khan, T. N. (1975). Evaluation of cowpea germplasm for grain yield potential in Papua New Guinea.Sabrao Journal 7 (2): 189-196.
[5]. Ezedinma, F. O. C. (1965). Some studies on the vegetative and reproductive patterns in cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) in Southern Nigeria. Niger. Agric. J. 2:32-4.
[6]. FAO, (2000). Site internet : http / www . FAO.org./statistics.
[7]. Gibbon, D. and Pain, A. (1988). Crops of the drier regions of the tropics. ELBS / Longman. 157 pp

ABSTRACT: The present investigation was carried out to study nutrients status of Central Farm - B - Block of MKV, Parbhani". Total one hundred surface soil samples were collected from Central Farm MKV, Parbhani. These soil samples were analyzed for physico-chemical properties and fertility status of soil. The data revealed that the soils of - B - block were neutral to alkaline in soil reaction, safe in electrical conductivity, low to high in organic carbon content and non-calcareous to calcareous in nature. According to the concept of "soil nutrient index" in general the status of available nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur were "low". While "high" in content of available potassium, calcium, magnesium content in soils of B - block. Thus, it can be concluded that the physico-chemical properties like pH, EC, organic carbon and CaCO3 contents alone or in combination controls the availability of nutrients. Hence, build up of organic carbon status by different means is a practicable tool in our hands to minimize deficiency area of these soils with reference to nitrogen, phosphorus in these soils.

Key Words : Physico-chemical properties, Fertility and Macro nutrients

[1]. Bharambe, P.R. Kadam, S. G.Shinde, S.D. and Shelke, D.K. (1999). Characterization of soils soils Majalgaon canal command area (Jayakwadi project stage II) J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci.47 (4) : 749-754
[2]. Jackson, M.L. (1973). Soil Chemical analysis Prentice hall of Indian Private Ltd. New Delhi.
[3]. Landy, M.G., Varade, S. B. and Badhe, N. N. (1977). Sulphur status and its relationship with physcio-chemical properties of Marathwada soils. J. Maharashtra Agric Univ 2 (3): 195-201.
[4]. Malewar, G.U., Dhamak, A.L., and Syed Ismail (1998). Inter-relationship f forms of Fe with properties of soils of semi-arid area of Northern Marathwada. J. Maharashrta Agric Univ., 23 (2): 199-201.
[5]. Malewar, G.U. (1995). Micronutrient availability as influenced by cropping pattern in Marathwada region of Maharashtra. J. Maharashtra Agric. Univ. 20 (3): 330-333.

ABSTRACT: The hold is a room used as storage of fish on board. In conjunction with the ability to withstand the heat inside the hold, then hold the fish can be grouped up insulated hold and not insulated hold. The insulated hold divided into insulated hold with a refrigeration mechanic to cooling and refrigeration mechanic with clotting. The hold is part of ship fish which serves to store and maintain the condition of the fish. The size of the hold should be large enough to store the catch is optimum. Requirements on the hold, namely the design, construction and the type of material used shall follow the terms of the hold in order to secure the maximum possible catches. This study aimed to compare the condition of the hold contained on the ship in the port of Mayangan, Probolinggo and Sendang Biru Port, Malang, whereas the method used was descriptive method, by comparing the temperature, pH, and the levels of TMA as an indicator of freshness of fish.

Keywords: hold, ship, port

[1]. Adawyah, R. 2000. Fish Processing and Preservation. Bumi Aksara. Jakarta

[2]. Bapertan. 1998. Making Container / Palka insulated. Agency for Agricultural Research and Development Installation Agricultural Research And Technology Assessment. Jakarta

[3]. Erlina, M.D. and N. Kurniasari. 2007. Technology Adoption Palka Insulated for Handling of Fresh Fish in Pelabuhan Ratu, Sukabumi. Journal of Fisheries (J. Fish. Sci) IX (2): 241-253 ISSN: 0853-6384.

[4]. Hadi, E.S., H. Boesono., P. Manik., andA.W.B Santosa. 2007. Fishing Vessel Design and Sustainable Multi Function: A New Concept Vehicle for Fishing Vessel in Eastern Indonesia Region. Diponegoro University. Semarang.

[5]. Iskandar, B.H, M. Wazir. 1997. Study On Fishing Vessel Capacity Palka On the North Coast and South West Java. Bogor Agricultural Institute. Bogor.

[6]. Kurniawati, V.R. 2004.Construction and Heat Load Calculation on Palka Fish Purse Seine in Pekalongan (for example in KM. Duta Mulia).Bogor Agricultural Institute. Bogor.3.