IOSR-JAVS   Volume-8 ~ Issue-8 ~ AUG-2015

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study is to identify the resource potential of coastal areas; especially the District Palang embankment land based physical and bio-physical conditions, by analyzing the land suitability classes' vannamei shrimp culture ponds in coastal areas of the District Palang. The analysis method used in this research is the overlay method and the method of scoring. The location study was conducted in the coastal District of Palang Tuban in East Java province, while the time held on December 1, 2014 until February 30, 2015.

[1] Regional Development Planning Agency Tuban regency, 2012, Inventory Potential Natural Resources Coastal and Marine, Tuban [2] Department of Fisheries and Marine Tuban, 2014 Annual Report.

[3] Dwi Ristiyani, 2012. Land Suitability Evaluation for Coastal Aquaculture Pond in Kendal. Jurnal Geo Image. Semarang State University. Indonesia.

[4] FAO. 2000. Guidelines: Land Evaluation for IrrigatedAgriculture. In: FAO Soil Bulletin 55. Soil Resources Management and Conservation Service and Water Development Division, FAO, Rome. 231 pp.

[5] Mustafa, A., TarunaMulia.J.Samut. 2007. Land Suitability classification for aquaculture in Indonesia. Research Institute for Aquaculture Brackishwater, Maros, 34 pp.

ABSTRACT: The past decades have witnessed a dramatic change in agriculture with food production soaring due to the Green Revolution. The Green Revolution entails agricultural intensification through excessive and sometimes inappropriate use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides which has polluted water bodies and degraded soils, led to biodiversity loss by killing beneficial plants, insects and other wildlife and in some cases poisoned farm workers. The study assessed the side effects of intensive agricultural production on environment in Benue State, Nigeria. The major objective of the study was to examine the side effects of intensive agriculture on environment, while the specific objectives were to identify major the problems caused by intensive farming, find out major benefits of intensive farming, ascertain the effects of intensive farming on the soil and examine ways of reducing intensive farming. Primary data were gathered by survey using structured questionnaire administered on 115 respondents (farmers/labourers working in intensive farms) were selected randomly from five different farms.

[1]. Anonymous Benue State Government Dairy, 2004, pp 14-16
[2]. Coan, R. Ann, W.B. (2001). Farming for the future: An introduction to low external inputs and sustainable agriculture. Macmillan: London. pp .61-65
[3]. Curringham, W. Environmental science. Mc Grew Hill publishers New York USA. 2000, pp 15-16
[4]. Elliott, W. The Role of Savings and Wealth in Reducing "Wilt" between Expectations and College Attendance. Journal of Children & Poverty, 2010, 17(2), 165-167
[5]. FAO. Food and Agriculture Organization. Agricultural Sustainability Definition and Implications for Agriculture and Trade Policy. United Nations: Rome, 1992, 59 pp
[6]. FAO/WHO. Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization. Codex
[7]. Alimentarius: Guidelines for the Production, Processing, Labelling and Marketing of Organically Produced Foods.CAC/GL 32. Paris: FAO/WHO.1999. http://www.codexalimentarius.net/downloa d/standard360/CXG_032e.pdf.Accessed 15th March, 2015

ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to isolate yeast from dead-in-shell embryos of poultry as a potential cause of in-viability in poultry eggs. A total of two thousand dead-in-shell poultry eggs were sampled over a period of five months, on a weekly basis from a reputable hatchery in Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. The eggs were disinfected in accordance with the standard protocol using sodium hypochlorite and 70 % alcohol. Ten eggs were pooled into sterile beaker as sample processed per week with a total of 200 pooled samples in five months and inoculated on Sabauraud`s Dextrose Agar (SDA) and Corn Meal Agar (CMA) in accordance with standard microbiological procedures.

[1]. ABU (2000). Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria Master plan, Department of Urban and Regional Planning. Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) Zaria, Kaduna state, Nigeria.
http://www.abu.edu.ng/dept/view_departments.php?depid=113%20%20&dept=Physical%20Planning. Accessed on 23rd February, 2011 at 4.30pm.
[2]. Agbogu, V.N., Umoh, V.J., Okuofu, C.A., Smith, S.I. and Ameh, J.B. (2006). Study of the bacteriological and physicochemical indicators of pollution of surface waters in Zaria, Nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology, 5(9):732-737.
[3]. Alvarez, M., Burns, T., Luo, Y., Pirofski, L. A., and Casadevall, A. (2009). The outcome of Cryptococcus neoformans intracellular pathogenesis in human monocytes. BioMed Central Microbiology, 9: 51.
[4]. Austwick, P. K. C. (1974). In: Manual of Clinical Microbiology. Published by American Society for Microbiology, Washington DC. 2nd Edition, Pp. 551 – 556.
[5]. MED. (1996). Ministry of Economic Development, Kaduna State Statistical Year Book,Kaduna, Nigeria, Ministry of Economic Development, Statistic Division. Pp 155.

ABSTRACT: This study was aimed to evaluate the average bacterial load of the fresh and frozen samples of camel, beef and goat sausages. The result showed the average bacterial load of the fresh and frozen camel sausages were (3 x 106- and 2x106- CFU/gm), beef sausages were (2 x 106- and 1 x 106- CFU/gm) and goat sausages were (2x106- and 1x106- CFU/gm) respectively. In general there was considerable decrease in the bacterial count with increase in storage period. The results indicated that, meat products contamination occurred at various stage of processing. This calls for proper and good manufacturing procedure during processing of meat products. Results of organoleptic tests were shown that all samples qualified as good by the Sudanese panelists.
Keywords: total bacterial count, organoleptic examination, sausages

[1]. Abbas, M. O., (2009). Effect of adding different levels of citric acid on quality Attributes of fresh beef sausage. M. Sc. U of K.
[2]. Banwart, G.J. (1981). Food spoilage. Chap. 8, p. 254-270. In: Basic Food Microbiology.
[3]. Cruickshank, R. (1975). Medial Microbiology, 12th end. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh and London.
[4]. Empey, W.A. and Scott, W.J. (1939). Investigation on chilled beef I. Microbial contamination acquired in the meat works. Bull. Council Sci. and Res. No. 126.
[5]. Grancy, F.H. (1981). Thornton's Meat Hygiene. The preservation of meat. P. 204. 7th Ed. The English Language Book Society and Bailliers Tindall, London.
[6]. Jay, J.M. (1996). Modern Food Microbiology, 5th ed. International Thomson publishing Hentuchv.

ABSTRACT: Began sports and physical stimulants used controversial by thanking by the therapeutic use of by athletes and non-athletes. Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) have been associated with several side effects range from hypogonadism to cardiac and hepatic dysfunction and alteration of blood lipid levels. This research was undertaken to observe the harmful effect of androgenic anabolic steroids over the male reproductive system. Mature male rats of Sprague Dawley strain, weighing 300-400 g b.w. each and 12-14 weeks old were obtained from the Laboratory Animal Colony, Kufa University. Twenty-four male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, each with 6 animals. Group (1) was given 0.5 ml distilled water/day (vehicle) and kept as control normal. Rats of group (2) (3), (4) were treated orally with 10, 20, 40mg/kg b.w./day for 8 weeks. Semen samples were collected from the cuda epidedemis of sacrificed rats under Phenobarbital anesthesia and semen was used for estimating the sperm characters. The testes and head of epididymus were carefully dissected out and weighed. These organs were then kept in 10% formalin solution pending for histopathological examination.

[1]. Melnik B, Jansen .T, Grabbe. S , "Abuse of anabolic-androgenic steroids and bodybuilding acne: an underestimated health problem "Journal of the German Society of Dermatology , 2, 110-7,2007.
[2]. Dony J, Smals. A,Rolland. R, Fauser .B, Thomas C, "Effect of lower versus higher doses of tamoxifen on pituitary-gonadal function and sperm indices inoligozoospermic men, " Andrologia ,17 ,4, 369–78,2003.
[3]. Michael .S .Bahrke_ and Charles E Yesalis, "Abuse of anabolic androgenic steroids and related substances in sport and exercise, " Elsevier Current Opinion in Pharmacology, 4, 614–620,2004.
[4]. haff,G,G,"Anabolic androgenic steroids . NSCA performance training journal .www.nsca.left org/perform ,2006 .
[5]. Friedl .K.E "effect of testesteron and related androgen on atheletic performance in men in , "Endocrine system in sport and exercises , W.J.Kramer and AD rogo/eds .malden ,M.A:black well publishing , 525-539, 2005.
[6]. S. Sarkey, I. Azcoitia, L.M. Garcia-Segura, D. Garcia-Ovejero, L.L. DonCarlos, "Classical androgen receptors in non-classical sites in the brain, "Hormones and behavior 53 ,753-764 ,2008 .

ABSTRACT: A twenty four local rabbits average ( 1450-1550 ) gram were divided into three groups,each group waseight rabbits.Group one(G1)was given a daily dose( 0.25) gm of Clove oil "Emad vegetable oil company- Mosul-Iraq concentration 100%" for 30 days. Group two (G2) was given a daily dose (0.5)gm. of Natural Clove Oil "Emad vegetable oil company- Mosul-Iraq concentration 100%" for 30 days. While the third group (G3) was the control group given 1cc Tap water. The studyrevealed a moderate pathological changes. Varies from congestion to inflammatory cells and necrosis in the medullary region as shown in the result.

Keyword: histopathology–Clove oil- Ovaries– female Rabbits.

[1]. Baratta, MT; Dorman, HJD;Deans,SG;Figueiredo, AC;Barroso JG;Ruberto G.,( 1998). Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of some commercial essential oils. Flavour Frag. J., 13: 235–244.
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[3]. Cai, L and Wu, CD.,( 1996). Compounds fromSyzygiumaromaticumpossessing growth inhibitory activity against oral pathogens. J. Nat. Prod., 59: 987-990.
[4]. Chaieb K;Hajlaoui H, andZmantar T, et al. (2007). The chemical composition and biological activity of clove essential oil, Eugenia caryophyllata(SyzigiumaromaticumL. Myrtaceae): A short review. Phytotherapy Res 21: 501–506.
[5]. Chami F;Chami N;Bennis S;BouchikhiT,andRemmal A.,(2005). Oregano and clove essential oils induce surface alteration of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Phytother Res., 19: 405–408.
[6]. Dorman, HJD; Surai, P, and Deans, SG.,(2000).In vitro antioxidant activity of anumber of plant essential oils and phytoconstituentsJ. Essent. Oil Res., 12: 241–248.

ABSTRACT: polyhouse experiment was conducted to study the vase life of rose grown under polyhouse condition. The experiment consisting twelve cultivars of four colours each (red, yellow, orange and white) were selected for study. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized block design (CRBD) with twelve treatments and three replications. The influences of different genotypes of rose on yield contributing parameters and vase life of flower were studied. The maximum vase life of flowers (10.66 days) was recorded by Mericlear cultivar and it was significantly superior over rest of the cultivars except Naranga and Spinx.

[1]. Maharana, T. and Pradhan, R.C. 1976. Effect of N, P, K and their combinations on growth flowering and anthocyanin development of hybrid rose Cv. Celibration. Punjab Horti. J. 16 (1-2): 77-79.
[2]. Gopal, A. 1978. Influence of time of pruning on growth, production and quality of cut flowers in eight rose varieties. Mysore J. Agric. Sci. 12 (3): 527.
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[4]. Ghaffoor, A., Shaheen, M. and Iqbal, M. 2000. Impact of various combinations of NPK on the growth yield and quality parameters of rose. Pakistan J. Bio. Sci. 3(10): 1560-1562.
[5]. Sivasamy, N. and Bhattacharjee, S.K. 2000. Influence of cold storage on post harvest life and quality of cut rose Cv. Raktagandha. Ind. J. Horti. 57 (2): 172-177.

ABSTRACT: The present investigation was made to study the prevalence, seasonal variation and its intensity of infestation of helminth parasites in Channa punctatus Bloch, 1793 of Nadia district in West Bengal from January 2013–December 2013.Three helminth parasites Eustrongylides sp (Nematode), Euclinostomum heterostomum (Trematode) and Pallisentis allahabadii (Acanthocephalan) were collected from abdominal cavity, liver and intestine of the infected hosts.

[1]. J. Lom,and I .Dyková, Protozoan Parasites of Fishes, Developments in Aquaculture and Fisheries Science ,26, 1992, 315.
[2]. T. Scholz, Parasites in cultured and feral fish, Veterinary Parasitology, 84 (3–4), 1999, 317–335.
[3]. P.T.K. Woo, Protozoan and Metazoan Infections.In Fish Diseases and Disorders, Volume I, Second Edition (CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 2006) 808 .
[4]. I. Paperna , Parasites infections and diseases of fishes in Africa—an update, CIF Technical Paper 31, FAO Rome, Italy,1996.
[5]. G.D. Bhalerao, Studies on the helminths of India Trematoda IV, Journal of Helminthology, 14(4), 1936, 181–206.
[6]. G.D.Bhalerao, some metacercarial forms of Clinostomatidae (Trematoda) from India, The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 16, 1942, 67–71.

ABSTRACT: In the present scenario of modern agriculture, the use of pesticides is observed as the most convenient method followed by the farming community to control pests and diseases. The application of chemical fertilisers and pesticides became inevitable due to several factors in which climate change is the most influencing one. Many health organizations and Government authorities are cautioning the farmers to follow the protective measures while applying pesticides.

[1]. Alavanja M.C., Hoppin J.A., Kamel F.2004. Health effects of chronic pesticide exposure: Cancer and neurotoxicity. Ann. Rev. Publ. Health. 25:155–197.
[2]. Alavanja, M.C.R. et al. 1986. Proportionate Mortality Study of Workers in the Grain Industry. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 78(2): 247-252.
[3]. Atreya K.2007. Pesticide use knowledge and practices: gender differences in Nepal. Environ Res. 104(2):305–311.
[4]. Ciesielski, Stephen; Dana P. Loomis, Susan Rupp Mims, and Anella Auer. 1994. ―Pesticide Exposures, Cholinesterase Depression, and Symptoms among North Carolina Migrant Farmworkers.‖ American Journal of Public Health 84(3): 446-451.
[5]. Dasgupta S, Meisner C .2005.‖Health effects and pesticide perception as determinants of pesticide use: Evidence from Bangladesh World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3776, November 2005.

ABSTRACT: The demand for dried fruits and vegetables in various forms is increasing. For instance, the estimated world demand for dried, dehydrated, and freeze-dried fruits and vegetables increased from Rs 700 billion in 2001 to Rs 970 billion in 2011. Several preservation techniques can be applied to extend shelf life and add value to fruits and vegetables and one of them is drying and dehydration. Reported to be one of the oldest preservation technique, dehydration is continuously gaining significant interest among researchers, scientists, entrepreneurs and processors both in academia and industry. Dehydration is the process that involves the application of heat to remove moisture from the fresh fruit and vegetable product.

[1]. Abiad, M. G., Carvajal, M. T., & Campanella, O. H. (2009). A review on methods and theories to describe the glass transition phenomenon: applications in food and pharmaceutical products. Food Engineering Review , 1 (2), 105-132.
[2]. Abonyi, B. I., Feng, B. I., Edwards, C. G., & Tang, J. (2002). Quality retention in strawberry and carrot purees dried with Refractance Window system. Journal of Food Science , 67, 1051–1056.
[3]. Adhikari, B., Howes, T., Bhandari, B., & Langrish, T. G. (2009a). Effect of addition of proteins on the production of amorphous sucrose powder through spray drying. Journal of Food Engineering , 94 (2), 144-153.
[4]. Adhikari, B., Howes, T., Wood, B. J., & and Bhandari, B. R. (2009b). The effect of low molecular weight surfactants and proteins on surface stickiness of sucrose during powder formation through spray drying. Journal of Food Engineering , 94, 135-143.
[5]. Aguilera, J. M. (2003). Moisture sorption isotherms. In D. R. Heldman, Encyclopedia of Agricultural, Food, and Biological Engineering (pp. 676-679). New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc.

ABSTRACT: Smallholder farming is the predominant farming practice in Sub Saharan Africa with majority of the farmers living in rural areas. In Jos Nigeria, vegetable farming occurs mainly in the dry season providing a major source of living for the rural populace. In this study we investigated the socioeconomic status of vegetable farmers in three villages of Jos East Local Government Area in Plateau State, North Central Nigeria. All vegetable farms in the three villages were visited and documented. Questionnaire forms were used to obtain information on farmers' income before and after receiving support. Results showed that 7 vegetable crops were predominantly grown in these areas where Cucumis sativus (cucumber) was the most widely produced crop. The largest population of the farmers produced low quantity of the crops earning an average income of USD 384 per individual per harvest season.

[1]. Nchuchuwe, F. F. and Adejuwon, K. D. (2012). The Challenges of Agriculture and Rural Development in Africa: The Case of Nigeria, International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development 1 (3), 45-61.
[2]. Hanmer, L., Graham, P. and Howard W. (1999). "Poverty in sub-Saharan Africa: what do we learn from World Bank poverty assessment?" Development and change, 30 (4), 795-823.
[3]. Irz, X., L. Lin, C. Thirtle, and S. Wiggins (2001). "Agricultural Productivity Growth and Poverty Alleviation." Development Policy Review. 19 (4), 449-466.
[4]. Asogwa, B. C, Okwoche, V. A, Umeh, J. C. (2012). Analyzing the Determinants of Poverty Severity among Rural Farmers in Nigeria: A Censored Regression Model Approach, American International Journal of Contemporary Research, 2 (5), 166-176.
[5]. International Labour Organization (2008). Promotion of rural employment for poverty reduction, International Labour Conference, 97th Session, http://tinyurl.com/8xlz2wv.
[6]. Food and Agricultural Organization (2005). Food Security and Agricultural Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: Building a case for more public support (Policy Brief1). Retrieved from ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/a0788e/a0788e.pdf

ABSTRACT: 72 samples of pond water were drawn from 3 fish farms and 1 fish seed multiplication centre in Kano metropolis between the months of July and December, 2012 and were analysed for their bacteriological quality using the International Commission for Microbiological Specification for Food. The results showed means of Aerobic Plate Count (APC) ranged between 1.1x 103 – 1.5 x105: Escherichia coli Most Probable Technique (MPN) ranged between 6.3 – 8.5, Staphylococcus aureus 1.1 x 102 – 2.4 x 103, Salmonella paratyphi 1.3 x 102 – 1.2 x 103, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1.8 x 102 – 2.7 x 104, Shigella spp 0.0 – 1.2 x 102, Enterococcus faecalis 1.2 x 102 – 1.8 x 103 and Enterobacter aerogenes 0.0 – 1.1 x 102 (P<0.05). Bacterial pathogens isolated and their percentage occurrence were E. coli (43.30%), Staphylococcus aureus (23.21%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19.62%), Salmonella paratyphi (7.42%), Shigella spp (0.72%), Enterococcus faecalis (4.52%) and Enteobacter earogenes (1.19%).

[1]. Adebayo-Tayo, A.C.; Odu, N.N.; Anyamele, L.M.; Igwiloh, N.J.P.N. and Okonko, I.O. Microbial quality of frozen fish sold in Uyo Metropolis. Nature and Science, 10 (3), 2012, 71-77.
[2]. Udeze, A.O.; Talatu, M.; Ezediokpu, M.N.; Nwanze, J.C.; Onoh, C. and Okonko, I.O. The effect of Klebsiella pneumoniae on catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Reseacher 4(4), 2012, 51-59.
[3]. De Graaf, G. and Janssen, J. Handbook on the Artificial Reproduction and Pond Rearing of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus in Sub- Saharan Africa (FAO Fisheries Technical Paper, 1996).
[4]. Hussein, K. and Zolondi, J. Contribution of fisheries research to the improvement of livelihoods in West African fishing communities: Case study, Nigeria, (FAO and DFID Sustainable Fisheries Livelihoods Programme, 2002).
[5]. Adedeji, O.B.; Tiamiyu, A.M. and Emikpe, B.O. Isolation and Identification of Aerobic Bacterial Flora of the skin and stomach of wild and cultured Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis niloticus from Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria. Journal of Applied Sciences Research. 7(7), 2011, 1047-1051.