IOSR-JAVS   Volume-8 ~ Issue-9 ~ SEP-2015

ABSTRACT: The present study was conducted by KVK, Bharuch during 2012 to 2014 in the summer seasons with seventy five frontline demonstrations across twenty two villages of Bharuch district of Gujarat. The results of demonstrations showed that farmers could increase the Green gram productivity notably by switching over to improved variety and adoption of improved production technology. From the front line demonstrations, it was observed that the improved Green gram variety Meha recorded the higher yield (1325 kg/ha) compared to the farmers' practices variety (975 kg/ha). The increase in the demonstrate yield over farmer's practices was 35.90 %. Technology gap and the technology index values were 175 kg/ha and 11.66, respectively. The decline in overall yield of green gram in district Bharuch from the year 2008-10 was due to the problem of high incidence of yellow vein mosaic (YVM) disease.

[1]. Bar N. and Das S. (2015): Enhancement of Production and Productivity of Arhar Crop through Front Line Demonstration. International Journal of Innovative Research and Development Vol 4(5), 2015 (Online)
[2]. Chandra Ganesh (2010): Evaluation of Frontline Demonstration of Greengram (Vigna radiata L.) in Sundarbans, West Bengal J. Indian Soc. Coastal agric. Res., 28(1). 12-15. 2010.
[3]. DOA (2011-12) Directorate of Agriculture, Gujarat State, Gandhinagar.
[4]. Patel M.M., Jhajharia A.K., Khadda B.S. and Patil L.M.: Front-Line Demonstration: An Effective Communication Approach For Dissemination of Sustainable Cotton Production Technology Ind. J. Extn. Educ. & R.D. 21 : 60-62, 2013
[5]. Pawar D. M. and Mahatma Lalit (2013): Occurrence and Symptomatology of Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV) in Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] in South Gujarat. Asian Journal of Bio Science Vol 8(2) pp 237-240.

ABSTRACT: Peri-urban areas are characterized by great heterogeneity and rapid changes of land use. Furthermore, population composition changes as peri-urban areas offer attractive residential alternatives to city centers or more remote locations. The dynamic processes leave peri-urban areas in an in-between situation, neither city nor country side and home to a range of functions, spanning from agricultural production to residential and recreational areas. This paper investigates the urbanization of agricultural areas in the Greater Hyderabad region based on quantitative data collected on agricultural properties in Four study areas between 1990 and 2012. The overall conclusion is that agricultural land use have continually largely unaffected by the processes of urbanization. However, most of the production is concentrated on a few very large full-time farms. In addition, the economic activities have been greatly diversified.

[1]. Bakker, N., Dubbeling, M., Gundel, S., Sabel-Koschella, U. & de Zeeuw, H. 2000. Growing cities, growing food. Urban agriculture on the policy agenda. Feldafing, Germany, Zentralstelle für Ernahrung und Landwirtschaft (ZEL), Food and Agriculture Development Centre.
[2]. Brockerhoff, M. 2000. An urbanizing world. In J.L. Garrett & M.T. Ruel, eds. 2020 Vision. Achieving urban food and nutrition security in the developing world. Focus 3, Brief 2. Washington, DC, International Food Policy Research Institute.
[3]. Mougeot, L.J.A. 2000. Urban agriculture: definition, presence, potentials and risks. In Bakker et al., p. 1-42.

ABSTRACT: Slaughtering is a process of bringing an animal to a quick painless death. It involves throat cutting for maximum blood drainage and the amount of blood retained is dependent on the method of slaughter. This study investigated the effect of slaughtering method (Halal and Chinese methods) on meat quality indicators and shelf life of broiler chicken breast meat. Quality indicators such as pH, drip loss and colour (L*, a*, b*) were significantly (P˂0.05) higher for birds slaughtered with the Chinese method (pH= 6.17, L*= 56.42, a*= 8.36, b*= 19.2, drip loss= 0.58) than the halal method. There were no differences in cook loss, thaw loss and toughness obtained from both slaughtering methods.

[1] K. Glitsch, Consumer perceptions of fresh meat quality: cross-national comparison. British Food Journal 102, 2000, 177 - 194.

[2] M. Bianchi, M.Petracci and C. Cavani, The influence of genotype, market live weight, transportation, and holding conditions prior to slaughter on broilers breast meat colour. Poultry Science 85, 2006 123-128.

[3] S.A.M. Ali, A. Hyder, O. Abdalla and I.M. Mahgoub,Effect of slaughter methods on the keeping quality of broiler chicken's meat.Egyptian Poultry Science31 (IV), 2011, 727-736.

[4] C.Z. Alvarado, M.P. Richards, S.F. O'Keefe and H. Wang,The Effect of blood removal on oxidation and shelf life of broiler breast meat. Poultry Science 86, 2007, 156-161.

[5] H. Wang, M.D. Pato, and P.J. Shand,Biochemical properties of natural actomyosin extracted from normal and pale, soft, and exudative pork loin after frozen storage. Journal of Food Science 70, 2005, C313-C320.

ABSTRACT: Objective: The purpose of this study is to assess of worker performanceinBabel private hatcheries.
Methods: None probabilitysampleconduct for data collection by questioner constructed for this purpose.
Setting& Subjects: (7) hatcheries in Babylon governorate, (29) hatchery worker werestudied.
Results: Higher rates (48.3%) of age group (21-30) year, (58.62%) for primary graduates,69% for private examination, and (18) worker were no hand washing, also, the higher rates 65.51% for eat inside hatchery, 37.93% for skin allergy, as several dermal & respiratory symptoms and diseases affects on them, also 70% for Sometimes scale of wearing many personal protective equipment's (PPE) devices. Finally, Waste disposal method used mostly by Burning, and Egg sterilized methods by spraying and Fumigation.

[1]. Tullett, S. (2009). Ross Tech, Investigating hatchery practice, Aviagen, at: www.aviagen.com
[2]. Backes, K. (2012). Safer management practices for small poultry processors, SARE,USDA.
[3]. A guide to safe work practices in the poultry processing industry, N.C. Department of labor, Occupational safety and health division, reviewed 05/13/2013.
[4]. Segal, Y. (2011). Farm biosecurity for better performance and higher profit, CEVA, Issue No.35/ March.
[5]. OIPP (Ontario Independent Poultry Processors) (2011). Broiler chicken industry safe work practices, 1st.ed., Jan.
[6]. COBB (2001). Hatchery management guide, at: www. cobb-vantress.com

ABSTRACT: A feeding trial was conducted on a four to five months old young rabbits for eight, to determine the effect of graded levels of Costus afer on growth performance, organ weight and haematology indices. Weight gain and feed intake were significant (P<0.05) with a range of 0.14 to 0.44 kg and 0.76 to 0.77kg respectively. Carcass weight was not significantly different among the four treatments. Heart, liver, kidney and testis weight varied significantly (P<0.05), but spleen and ovary weight were not. White blood cells (WBC), Red Blood Cells (RBC), Mean Cell Haemoglobin (MCH), Haemoglobin (Hb) and Packed Cell Volume (PCV) were not significantly (p>0.05) different in the rabbits across the treatment groups. The study concludes that Corstus afer leaf meal had no detrimental effect on internal growth, organs and haematological parameters of rabbits and up to 10% level of inclusion.

Key word：Cortus afer, growth indices, organ weight, Haematological indices

[1]. Aderinola, O. A., Ojebiyi, O. O., Rafiu, T. A., Akinlade, J. A. and Adepoju, L. O. 2008. Performance evaluation of growing rabbits fed diets containing varying levels of Centrosema pubescens and Calopogonium mucunoides in the savannah zone of Nigeria. 9th World Rabbit Congress. June 10 - 13, 2008. Verona, Italy, p. 525 - 529. http://worldrabbit- science.com / WRSA-Proceedings / congress-2008-verona/papers/N-Aderinola.pdf.
[2]. Adeyemi, O.A., Ajado, A.O., Okubanjo, A.O. and Eniolorunda, O.O. 2010. Response of rabbits to graded levels of fermented and unfermented pineapple peel. Electro, J. Environ. Agr. Food Chem., 9(5): 898-909.
[3]. Amata, I.A. and Bratte, L. 2008. The Effect of Partial Replacement of Soybean Meal with Gliricidia leaf meal on the performance and Organ weights of weaner rabbits in the tropics. Asian Journal of Animal and veterinary Advances, 3: 169-173.
[4]. Amata, I.A. and T. Lebari. 2011. Comparative evaluation of the nutrient profile of four selected browse plants in the tropics, recommended for use as non conventional livestock feeding materials. African Journal of Biotechnology. 10(64):14230-14233.
[5]. Amata, I.A., Bratte, L and Ofuoku, A. 2009. Effects of partial replacement of growers mash with Gliricidia sepium leaf meal on the growth of Chinchilla rabbits and its implication for extension advisory services. Afr. J. Livestock Extension, 7: 60-64.

ABSTRACT: Experiment was carried out to study the dissipation pattern of hexaconazole in/on mango fruits at Food Quality Testing Laboratory, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari-396 450. The spray concentration of 0.0025 per cent (recommended) resulted in 1.293 μg g-1 of initial deposition which gradually dissipated to 0.800, 0.573, 0.383 and 0.123 μg g-1 at 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th day of application, respectively. The linear time v/s residue concentration plot showed slow rate of degradation where, regression equation was denoted as y= -0.131x + 2.109 by exhibiting R2 value of 0.942. Moreover, the equation also showed 2.29 and 13.8 days of half life and waiting period, respectively. In case of double to recommended dose (0.005 %) initial deposition of 2.263 μg g-1 was registered at zero day after application. The regression equation of hexaconazole was worked out as y= -0.139x + 2.412 (R2 = 0.950) with 2.16 days as half life and 15.19 days of waiting period.

[1]. Mukherjee, I., Singh, S., Sharma, P.K., Jaya, M. and Kulshrestaha, G. (2007). Extraction of multi-class pesticide residues in mango fruits: application of pesticides residues in monitoring of mangoes. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 78: 380-383.
[2]. Anonymous (2012). Area and production of Hort crops, Director of Horticulture Gujarat state, Krishi Bhavan, Gandhinagar. Fide: http://agri.gujarat.gov.in.
[3]. Reddy, Narendra C., Anitha, Kumari D., Lakshami, B. K. M. and Reddy, Jagdishwar (2013). Residue dynamics of imidacloprid and hexaconazole on mango. International Journal of Bio-resources and Stress Management, 4 (2):263-265..

ABSTRACT: Examination of a total of 174 swab samples from the nostril and skin of hunters used for detection of S. aureus revealed 48(27.5%) positive isolates. Microscopic examination of gram stained colonies showed gram positive cocci arranged in irregular grape-like clusters, some appearing in singles while others in pairs, short chain or tetrads. Results of catalase and coagulase positive isolates were respectively recorded as 60(82.2%) and 48 (68.8%). However 48(68.8%) identified as catalase-coagulase positive were confirmed as S. aureus by the outcomes of incubation on Mannitol salt agar medium with yellowish colonial appearance. The values of S. aureus isolated from the nostril and skin of hunters is18 (20.9%) and 30 (34.1%). Chi square analysis (Fisher's exact test) shows that the distribution of MRSA from skin and nasal cavity of hunters was significantly different (P≤ 0.05).

[1]. Abeer AR, Mohamed SS, Amal SO (2007). Detection of Methicillin/Oxacillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical Hospital in Cairo using mecA/nuc gene and Antibiotic Susceptibility profile.International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 15608530/09- 800-80
[2]. Bauer AW, Kirby WMM, Sherris JC,Turck M (1966). Antibiotic susceptibility testing by standardized single disk method. American Journal Clinical Pathology45: 493-496.
[3]. Borno State Ministry of Land and Survey (BMLS), (2007). Annual Report Pp 15 – 58
[4]. Cheesbrough M (2010). District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries. 2nd Edition update page 35-45. CambridgeUniversity Press.
[5]. Cheesbrough M (2002). District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries, part 2, Cambridge University Press. 135-162
[6]. Chah KF, Soaz EG, Nwanta JA, Asadu B, Agbo IF, Lozano C, Zarazaga M, Torres C (2014). Methicillin-resistant coagulase negative Staphylococci from healthy dogs in Nsukka, Nigeria. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology. 45(1):1517-8382
[7]. CLSI (2011).Performance Standards for Antimicrobial SusceptibilityTesting; Twentieth Information Supplement (Vol. CLSI document M100-S20). Wayne, PA: Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute157-165

ABSTRACT: Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L) is one of the leading estate commodities whose role is quite important in the regional economy, especially in the generation of jobs, sources of income, and the development of the region and agro-industries. At present, the main problem in the cocoa development in Southeast Sulawesi is the low quality of cocoa beans. This study aimed to identify potential and problems in the development of cocoa agro-industries in raw material producing centers which can simultaneously increase farmers' income and ensure sustainability of agro-industry enterprises. Qualitative and quantitative research design was used with data being analyzed by qualitative and economic analysis.

1]. Ntiamoah Et Al. 2008. Enviromental Impacts Of Cocoa Production And Processing In Ghana : Life Cycle Assessment Approach. Journal Of Cleaner Production, 16: 1735-1740
[2]. Sufri, 2007. Analisis Daya Saing Komoditas Ekspor Non-Migas Dan Perubahan Struktur Ekonomi Implikasinya Terhadap Kebijaksanaan Pembangunan Di Sulawesi Selatan. Http://Adln.Lib.Unair.Ac.Id/Go.Php?Id=Gdlhub-Gdl-S3-2007-Sufrimukhl-3551.
[3]. Faisal Et Al, 2009. Keunggulan Komparatif Komoditi Kakao Dan Kopi Di Sulawesi Selatan. Agritek, 17(3) : 424-435
[4]. International Cocoa Organization, 2012. London: Quarterly Buletin Of Cocoa Statistics.
[5]. Suryani, D.Z., 2007. Komoditas Kakao: Potret Dan Peluang Pembiayaan. Majalah Economic Review Edisi 210 Desember 2007.
[6]. Godfrey, KM Loh, 2011. Southeast Asia Cocoa Outlook ; A Iscussion Of Issues Impacting Farmers, Cococ Production And Its Export/Import. World Cocoa Foundation, 19th Partnership Meeting & Rountable Sessions. May 18-19, 2011. San Francisco, CA
[7]. Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan. Departemen Pertanian RI. 2012. Jakarta: Statistik Perkebunan Indonesia.

ABSTRACT: Serooccurrence of brucellosis in 526 buffalos in addition to 310goats from Sindh Agriculture University TandojamSindh government livestock farm and private livestock farm (Fayaz Qurashi Dairy Farm Tandojam) remainedobtainedthroughaccomplishment Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and serum agglutination test (SAT) at Civil Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory Tandojam throughout of last 5 years (2015-2010). Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) Positive animals, 25.66% buffalos and 30.96% goats remainedoriginate seropositive aftersmearedserum agglutination test (SAT).

Key words: Brucellosis, serooccurrence, buffalos,goats, serological tests, Tandojam

[1]. Alton, G. G., L. M. Jones and D. E. Pietz. Laboratory Techniques in Brucellosis, 2nd Ed. FAO/WHO, Geneva. (1975)
[2]. Barrose, G. P., C. P. R. Rodriguez, B. G. Extremera, M. A. Maldonado, G. G. Huuertas and M. A. Salguero. Study of 1,595 brucellosis cases in the Almeria province (1972-1998) based onepidemiological data from disease reporting. Rev. Clin. Espandola, 202: 577-582. (2002).
[3]. El-Gohary, A. H. and S. A. Hattab. Zoonotic importance of Brucellosis at Behera Governorate in Egypt. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 62(11), 1015-1017 (1992).
[4]. Flad, S. Some observations on the use of Rose Bengal Plate, tube agglutination, heat inactivation and Rivanol tests in caprine brucellosis. Trop. Vet., 1: 49-53 (1983).
[5]. Maff. Brucellosis diagnosis In: Standard Laboratory Techniques Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Central Vet. Lab., Surrey, U.K. (1987).

ABSTRACT: Three hundred Clarias gariepinus fingerlings with mean body weight of 3.85±0.06 g were fed five different inclusion level diets for (56) days in 15 glass aquarium tanks measuring 0.6 x 0.3 x 0.2 m length, width and depth respectively. This was aim at utilization of Canarium schweinfurtii Waste Chaff (CSWC) as energy source to replace maize in the diet. At the end of the experiment, the result showed significant differences (P<0.05) in the growth parameters among the diets fed. Diet 5 containing 20% CSWC exhibited best FCR, SGR and PER though not significantly different (p>0.05) as compared to other diets. This indicated that, CSWC can up to 20% be included in the diet of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings as energy source thereby converting waste to wealth.

Key Words: Canarium fruit, Waste chaff, Clarias gariepinus fingerlings and fish diet.

[1]. Akinfemi (2010). Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Nasarawa State University, Shabu-Lafia Campus. Nutritional Evaluation of Melon husk incubated With the fungi (Plecirokis streatus and Pleurotus pulmonarius).
[2]. AOAC (Association for Official Analytical Chemists) (2000). Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International Vol.1. Agriculture Chemicals; Contaminant Drugs. 16th edition, AOAC Int'l., Arlington, V.A.
[3]. APHA (American Public Health Association) (1980). Standard Method for the examination Of Water and Waste Water 18th edition, Washington DC, 1288pp.
[4]. Braton, P. and Bradle, R. H. (2011). Effects of Active Carbon pore size Dia-tributions on Adsorption of Toxic Organic Compounds. International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research 4 (7).
[5]. Falaye, A.E. and Omoike, A. (2012). Effects of Maize Bran Diets on the Growth and
[6]. Nutrient Utilization of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Nigerian Journal of Fisheries. 9 (2) 566-571.

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of phosphate (Pi) deficiency on growth and phosphorus content of three varieties (V1: white, V2: red and V3: burgundy/purple) of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.). For this purpose, plants were grown for 30 days in a greenhouse on river sand, watered with Hoagland solutions of two different concentrations of Pi (0 and 1000 μM Pi). The results obtained showed that from 1000 to 0 μM Pi, V. subterranea shoot fresh biomass reduced by 13.48%, 9.46% and 14.57% for varieties V1, V2 and V3 respectively. Its total fresh biomass also reduced by 8.29% for V1, 3.32% for V2 and 6.94% for V3. But Pi deficiency (0 μM Pi) led to an increase in root fresh biomass (V2: 8.82% and V3: 7.90%) and root/shoot ratio (V1: 15.17%, V2: 21.57% and V3: 25%).

[1]. Akedrin T.N., N'guessan K., Ake-assi E. & Ake S., 2010. Effet de Légumineuses herbacées ou subligneuses sur la productivité du maïs. J. Anim. Plant Sci., 8(2): 953-963.
[2]. Anikwe M.A.N. & Atuma J., 2003. Characterizing the suitability of selected indigenous soil improving legumes in a humid tropical environment using shoot and root attributes. Tropicultura, 21(4): 179-185.
[3]. Araújo A.P., Plassard C. & Drevon J.J., 2008. Phosphatase and phytase activities in nodules of common bean genotypes at different levels of phosphorus supply. Plant Soil, 312: 129-138. doi: 10.1007/s11104-008-9595-3.
[4]. Araus J.L., Amaro T., Casadesu's J., Asbati A. & Nachit M.M., 1998. Relationships between ash content, carbon isotope discrimination and yield in durum wheat. Aust. J. Plant Physiol., 25: 835-842. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/PP98071. [5]. Ávila F.W., Faquin V., da Silva L.A.K., Ávila P.A., Marques D.J., Guedes E.M.S. & Tan Y.D.K., 2013. Effect of phosphite supply in nutrient solution on yield, phosphorus nutrition and enzymatic behavior in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants. Aust. J. Crop Sci., 7: 713-722.

ABSTRACT: The results of studying the effects of M. anisopiliae spores on mosquito, C. quinquefasciatus showed a biological effects represented by immature mortality. The mortality increased proportionally with the concentrations of fungal spores, which reached (at high concentration 2×1011 spores / ml), to 86.6, 56.6% in first and late instar larvae, respectively. An important to mention that cumulative death rate was significantly associated with the time, which reached to 56% at 7 day after treatment.

[1]. Regis, L.; Silva-Filha, M. H. N. L.; de Oliveira, C. M. F.; Rios, E. M.; da Silva, S. B.; Furtado, A. F., 1995: Integrated control measures against Culex quinquefasciatus, the vector of filariosis in Recife. Memo´ rias Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 90, 115–119.

[2]. Shaker, A. H., Areeg, H. S. AL-Dhahir and Wissal A. H. 2010. An assessment for some extracts activity of an algae Char sp. On mosquitoes 4th larval instar of Culex quinquefasciatus. Mesan journal of academic science. 9 (17) 170-184

[3]. Abed-Ali M.H., 2013. Biological effects of Chitin synthesis inhibitor Applaud (buprofezin) on Culex quinquefasciatus in polluted water. Iraqi journal of sciens. 24 (4) 842-846.

[4]. Pell JK, J Eilenberg, AE Hajek and DS Steinkraus. 2001. Biology, ecology and pest management potential of Entomophthorales. In: Fungi as biocontrol agents: progress, problems and potential (eds TM Butt, C Jackson & N Magan). CABI International, pp. 71-154. [5]. Vandenberg JD, AM Shelton, WT Wilsey and M Ramos. 1998. Assessment of Beauveria bassiana sprays for control of diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) on crucifers. Journal of Economic Entomology 91, 624-630.

[7]. Roberts, D. W., 1970: Coelomomyces, Entomophthora, Beauveria and Metarhizium as parasites of mosquitoes. Misc. Publi. Entomol. Soc. Am. 7, 140–155.

ABSTRACT: Diafenthiuron 50 WP (NS) was physically compatible with nutrients like urea (2%), borax (1%) and molybdenum (0.025%) and fungicides like mancozeb (0.25%) and carbendazim (0.1%). Diafenthiuron at a dose very much lower than the field recommended dose was taken for this study i.e, 0.006 per cent, when combined with 0.05 per cent of carbendazim, its toxicity increased and 66.67 percent of Conogethes larva died in 24 HAT, which was higher than diafenthiuron alone (46.67%). But the toxicity of diafenthiuron was reduced by molybdenum and mancozeb and the mortality being, only 10 per cent at 24 HAT Key words: Borax, carbendazim, cardamom pests, Diafenthiuron, urea, Mancozeb.

[1]. Ishaaya, I., Kontsedalov,S., Mazirov,D., and Horowitz, A.R. 2001. Biorational agents in IPM and IRM programs for controlling agricultural pests. Universiteit Gent. 66: 363-374.
[2]. Mondal, B. and Mondal, P. 2012. Ecofriendly pest management practices for leaf curl complex of chilli (Capsicum annum L.). J. Biopest., 5: 115-118.
[3]. Ruder, F.J. and Kayser,H. 1992. The carbodiimide product of diafenthiuron reacts covalently with two mitochondrial proteins, the FO-proteolipid and porin, and inhibits mitochondrial ATPase in vitro. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol., 42: 248-261.
[4]. Scarpellani, J.R. 2000. Effect of thiamethoxam and diafenthiuron to nymphs of whitefly, Bemisia argentifolli on beans. In: Proc. of XXI Intl. Conf. of Entomology, Brazil Aug. 20- 26. p 711.
[5]. Shivanna, B. K., Naik, P. R., Nagaraja, S., Gayathridevi, Naik, P. and Shruthi,H. 2012. Evaluation of new molecules against scarlet mite, Raoiella indica Hirst in arecanut. Journal of Entomology and Nematology, 4(1): 4-6.
[6]. Sudhakaran, R., Rajakumari,P. and Mohandhas, A. 1995. Evaluation of newer insecticides Match® 5 EC and Polo® 50 SC on the control of insect pests on cotton. Pestology, 19: 14-18.

ABSTRACT: Nearly one-third of the world's seafood supplies come from aquaculture industry, representing the fastest growing agricultural sector. Sustainable aquaculture production is crucial to meet the future demands for seafood globally. However, one of the biggest threats it faces is infectious bacterial disease, which effect livelihoods of communities causing heavy financial and production loses and a subsequent decrease in food availability. Whilst fish vaccinology has shown remarkable developments in recent years, and major improvements have been made in good management practices,

[1] FAO, The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture, Opportunities and challenges (Rome, Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, 2014).

[2] WHO, Food Safety Issues Associated with Products from Aquaculture (Geneva, 1999).

[3] OIE, Aquatic Animal Health Programs: their benifits for global food security, Proceeding of the OIE Global Conference on Aquatic Animal Health, France, 2011.

[4] A. Almeida, A. Cunha, N.C.M Gomes, E. Alves, L. Costa and M.A.F. Faustino, Phage therapy and photodynamic therapy: Low environmental impact approaches to inactivate microorganisms in fish farming plants, Marine Drugs, 7, 2009, 268–313.

[5] Z. J. Shao Aquaculture pharmaceuticals and biologicals: current perspectives and future possibilities, Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 50, 2001, 229–243.

ABSTRACT: The field work was carried out at the Experimental Farm of the Desert Research Center of Siwa Oasis, Marsa Matroh Governorate, during the two consecutive seasons of 2013/2014 and 2014/2015. The experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of humic acid at the rates of 0, 4, and 6 (gm/L) and foliar spray with red beet extract on growth, yield and chemical compositions of three potato cultivars (Spunta, Diamont and Cara) grown under sandy soil conditions. Results revealed that Diamont and Cara cultivars had the highest values in all most of growth and tuber parameters, total yield, nitrogen and potassium content as compared with Spunta cultivar which was surpassed in average tuber weight, shoot dry matter, total carbohydrates and phosphorus percentage.

[1]. A.O.A.C. (1990). Official Methods of Analysis. Twelfth ed. Published by the association of official analytical chemists. Benjamin. Frank line station, Washington. Dc.
[2]. Abbas, W., Ashraf M. and N. A. Akrama. (2010). Alleviation of salt-induced adverse effects in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) by glycinebetaine and sugarbeet extracts. Scientia Horticulturae, 125: 188–195.
[3]. Abou El-Yazied, A. A. (2011) Foliar Application of glycine betaine and chelated calcium improves seed production and quality of common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) under water stress conditions. Res. J. Agric and Biol. Sci., 7: 357-370.
[4]. Brown, J.D. and O. Lilliland (1964). Rapid determination of potassium and sodium in plant material and soil extracts by flame photometer. Proc. Amer.Soc. Hort. Sci., 48: 341-346.
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ABSTRACT: Many people around the world depend on cattle for their livelihood as a result farmershave an obligation to properly manage their cattle for maximum production. However, due to limited resources,some farmers cannot afford to use conventional veterinary drugs to manage some cattle diseases. Hence,resource-limited farmers resort tothe use of low or non-cost alternativeremedies which are cheap and locally available. One disease which has become problematic is ophthalmia which poses an economic threat to the beef industry.The objective of this study was to determine and document the alternative remedies used by communal farmers in Ntabazinduna communal area to manage ophthalmia in beef cattle.

[1]. Angelos J.A,2013, Overview of Infectious Keratoconjuctivities, Merck manuals.2009-2015 Merk Sharp and DohmeCorp,a subsidiary of Merck and Co,Inc, Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA.
[2]. Bukenya-Ziraba, R. and Carasco, J.F., 1999.Ethnobotanical aspects of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in Uganda. In: Nee, M., Symon, D.E., Lester, R.N. & Jessop, J.P. (Editors). Solanaceae 4: Advances in biology and utilization. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom. pp. 345–360.
[3]. Chimonyo M, Kusina N.T, Hamudikuwanda H. and Nyoni O 1999, A survey on land use and usage of cattle for draught in a smallholder farming area of Zimbabwe, Journal of Applied Sciences in Southern Africa, 5(2), 111-121.
[4]. Chu X.C. and Chan C, 2013. Sympathetic ophthalmia:to the twenty first century and beyond, Journal of ophthalmia inflammation and infection 3:49

ABSTRACT: The study included the use of young leaf explants of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) for showing the effect of growth regulators on callus colors and production of somatic embryos In Vitro by using different concentrations of NAA (naphthalene acetic acid) and BA (Benzyladenine) at 16hrs light and 8hrs dark.

Keywords - color callus, grown regulators, rosemary, somatic embryos.

[1] Couladis M, Tzakou O, Verykokidou E. Screening of some Greek aromatic plants for antioxidant activity - J Phytother Res, 2003, p. 194–196.

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ABSTRACT: Brucellosis in sheep caused by bacterium, Brucella ovis is characterized by decreased reproductive efficiency and abortions. Farmers of a village from YSR district of Andhra Pradesh, India, reported the history of extensive abortions in Nellore ewes, uni-orchitis in breeding rams with joint infections, swelling of male genital tracts after crossing, and reluctance to cross. Blood samples were collected from affected animals for diagnosis by using world organisation for animal health (OIE) listed field level tests like Rose Bengal Plate Agglutination Test (RBT), and Standard Tube Agglutination Test (SAT) which are suitable for acute phase infection. Screening of all flocks and other species in contact including farmers in the village by using RBT, which was negative revealed the non-transmissible ovine brucellosis caused by Brucella ovis. The positive samples from affected sheep for RBT were subjected to SAT for confirmation.

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