IOSR-JAVS   Volume-9 ~ Issue-8 ~ AUG-2016

ABSTRACT: The present investigation was conducted to examine the genetic diversity existing among 50 genotypes of maize, during Rabi-2014sown under randomized block design with three replications. The data were recorded for sixteen quantitative characters to obtain estimates of variability, heritability, genetic advance and genetic divergence. Significant differences were observed among the genotypes for all the characters studied except for number of cobs per plant.........

Keywords:Maize (Zea mays L.), D2 analysis and genetic diversity

[1]. Chaudhry, A. R.Maize in Pakistan. PunjabAgriculture Research, Coordination Board, University of Agriculture., Faisalabad Pakistan 1983, 312-317.
[2]. Seshu, G., Rao, B.M.V., Sudarshan, M. R. and Eeswari, K. B.Genetic divergence in Sweet Corn (Zeamays L. saccharata.) Internatinal Journal of Pure and Applied Bioscience 2 (1), 2014, 196-201.
[3]. Murty, B. R. and Arunachalam, V.The nature of divergence in relation to breeding system in crop plants Indian Journal of Genetics, 26, 1966, 188-198.
[4]. Ram, J. and Panwar, D. V. S. Interspecific divergence in rice (OryzaSaativa L.)Indian Journal of Genetics,30, 1970, 1-2.
[5]. Sachan, K. S. and Sharama. G. R.Multivariate analysis of divergence in tomato Indian Journal of Genetics,31, 1971, 86-93.

ABSTRACT: Little is known about host immunodynamics during Brucellosis. We conducted immunohematological study in Brucellosis affected cattle for 3 months. Serum proteins and globulins were decreased very significantly (P<0.01) from zero day (0D) to 90D and significantly (P<0.05) from 0D to 30D. Globulins decreased significantly (P<0.05) from 0D to 75D. Titers of anti-Brucella antibodies by Standard Tube Agglutination Test, Microagglutination Test and Indirect Hemagglutination did not differ significantly among themselves from 0D to 90D..........

Keywords: Cohort study, Brucellosis, cattle, anti-Brucella antibodies, cellular immunity.

[1]. Abenga, J.N. and Anosa, V.O. (2005) Serum total protein & creatine levels in experimental Gambian trypanosomosis of Vervet monkeys. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 4: 187-190.
[2]. Baldwin, C.L. and Goenka, R. (2006) Host immune responses to the intracellular bacterium Brucella: Does the bacterium instruct the host to facilitate chronic infection? Crit. Rev. Immunol., 26: 407-442.
[3]. El-Azab M F A (2015) Evaluation of serum enzyme activities and protein fractions in Brucella-infected cows. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 39: 480-484.
[4]. El-Boshy, M., Abbas, M., El-Khoderyl, H. and Osman, S. (2009) Cytokine response and clinicopathological findings in Brucella infected camels (Camelus dromedarius). Vet. Med., 54(1): 25-32.
[5]. Godfroid, J., Garin-Bastuji, B., Saegerman, C. and Blasco, J.M. (2013) Brucellosis in terrestrial wildlife. Sci. Tech. Rev. Off. Int. Epiz., 32(1): 27-42.

ABSTRACT: The design related physical properties of six-selected Improved Institute for Agricultural Research Maize varieties were investigated. The properties will enhance design and development of production, processing and storage equipment for the crop. The mean results obtained for the different collections ranged from 7.42 to 15.63%, 8.2mm to 10.4mm, 7.1 to 9.1mm, 4.0mm to 5.0mm, 6.6mm to 7.2mm, 133mm2to 161mm2, 0.62% to 0.81%, 0.46% to0.82%, 692.42kg/m3to 747.86kg/m3, 1162.54kg/m3 to1447.7kg/m3,37.79%to 46.69%, 203.62g to 306.86g, 170.09mm3to 234.59mm3, 35.8o to 46.6ofor moisture contents, length, width, thickness.........

Keywords: Angle of repose, sphericity, porosity, roundness, bulk density, solid density

[1]. AjalaOyewole, IITA Maize Breeder and Project Leader,(http://www.modernghana.com/news/215980/1/maize production.
[2]. Food and Agricultural Organisation ( FAO) of United Nations,2008.Economic and Social department: The Statistical division, Rome, Italy.
[3]. Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO,2012) Production year book (2012) vol.38,Rome
[4]. Isiaka and M.,A.M.I. El-okene and T.A.Oyedele,2006,Determination of Physical Properties of Melon Seeds, Proceedings of the 7th Internationational Conference of the NIAE,28:322-326.
[5]. Mohsensin and N.N.,1986.Physical Properties of plant and animal materials 3rd ed. Gordon Breach Sciences Publishers, New York

ABSTRACT: A one year field experiment was conducted to elucidate the effectiveness of different soil organic amendments and chemical fertilizers on tuberose at the Floriculture Research Field, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur from March, 2014 to May 2015. The experiment consisted of nine treatments namely: T1= Farmyard manure (5 t/ha) + ½ (Recommended doses of fertilizer (RDF) that is N=150 kg, P=30 kg, K=100 kg, S=20 kg, B=1 kg, Zn=1 kg per hectare) T2= Farmyard manure (10 t/ha) + ½ RDF, T3= Poultry refuse (5 t/ha) + ½ RDF, T4= Poultry refuse (10 t/ha) + ½ RDF, T5= Vermicompost (5 t/ha) + ½ RDF, T6= Vermicompost (10 t/ha) + ½ RDF, T7= Bokashi (3 t/ha) + ½ RDF, T8= Bokashi (5 t/ha) + ½ RDF and T9 = Control (Recommended doses of fertilizer (RDF). The experiment was conducted in Randomized Block Design.........

Keywords: Tuberose, Vase life, Nutrient management, farmyard manure, vermicompost,Bokashi, Poulty refuse, Bulb production.

[1]. Amarjeet S and Godara NR(1998).Effect of nutritional requirement of tuberose (PolianthestuberosaL.) cv. Single on flower yield characters.Haryana Agric. Univ. J. Res. 28 (1):15- 20.
[2]. Bose TK, Maiti RG, Dhua RS and Das P(1999). Tuberose.In: Floriculture and Landscaping. Nayaprakash, Calcutta, India. pp. 505-514.
[3]. Chauhan S, Singh CN and Singh AK(2005).Effect of vermicompost and pinching on growth and flowering in marigold.cv. PusaNarangiGainda. Prog. Hort.37(2): 419-422.
[4]. Garg S and Bahla GS(2008).Phosphorus availability to maize as influenced by organic manures.BioRes. Technol. 99:773-777.
[5]. Halder NK, Siddiky MA, Ahmed RR, Sharifuzzaman SM and Ara KA(2007).Performance of tuberose as Influenced by Boron and Zinc.South Asian J. Agric.,2 (1&2): 51-56.

ABSTRACT: Genotype-by-environment interaction was exploited using ten genotypes in four locations covering Northern and Southern Guinea Savanna ecological zone in Nigeria. In each of the locations the experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications for two years 2013 and 2014 during the rainy season.GGE (genotype main effect (G) and genotype by environment (GE) interaction) bi-plot graphical tool was used to analyze the multi-environment trials (MET) data. The partitioning of the GE interaction showed that PC1 and PC2 accounted for 59.2% and 26.2% of the GGE sum of squares respectively.........

Keywords: AMMI, GGE bi-plot, Glycine max, MET, principal component

[1]. Yan, W. Hunt, L. A. Sheng, Q; and Z. Szlavnics. (2000). Cultivar Evaluation and Mega-Environment Investigation Based on the GGE Bi-plot. Crop Sci. 40:597-605.
[2]. Eberhart, S. A. and Russell, W. A. (1966). Stability Parameters for Company Varieties. Crop science 6:36-40.
[3]. Francis, T. R. and Kannenberg, L. W. (1978). Yield Stability Studies in Short-Season Maize. A Descriptive Method of Grouping Genotypes. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 58:1029-1034.
[4]. Gauch, H. G. (1992). Statistical Analysis of Regional Yield Trials: AMMI Analysis of Factorial Designs. Elsevier, Amsterdam. Netherlands. Pp. 220-230.
[5]. Yan, W. (2002). Singular Value Partitioning in Bi-plot Analysis of Multi-Environment Trial Data. Agronomy Journal 94:990-996

ABSTRACT: Tuberculosis (TB) is an archaic infectious disease of human and animals caused by Mycobacterium spp and responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality. TB in man and animals is mostly caused by Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis, bovine TB) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis, human TB). This study, was, aimed at rapid and specific identification of bovine TB and human TB in dairy cattle by using intradermal tuberculin test, gross and microscopic pathology, Ziehl-Neelson staining of tissue sections and PCR detection of the specific causes of TB. Out of 100 dairy cattle tested using intradermal tuberculin test in the Bangladesh Agricultural University dairy farm during the period between 2013 and 2014, 05 yielded.........

Keywords: Tuberculosis, dairy cattle, diagnosis, PCR, pathology

[1]. BBS 2011. http://www.bbs.gov.bd/Home.aspx
[2]. C. Thoen, P. Lobue, I. de Kantor, The importance of Mycobacterium bovis as a zoonosis. Veterinary Microbiology,112(2-4),2006,339-345.
[3]. U. Yumi, M. Tooru, Tuberculosis as a zoonosis from a veterinary perspective, Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 30, 2007, 415–425.
[4]. M. Raviglione, Global tuberculosis report, 20th edition. World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, 2015, Switzerland
[5]. L. Chen, J. Wang, A. Zganiacz, Z. Xing, Single Intranasal Mucosal Mycobacterium bovis BCG Vaccination Confers Improved Protection Compared to Subcutaneous Vaccination against Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Infection and Immunity,72(1),2004,238-246.

ABSTRACT: The paper analyzed the efficiency of resource utilization in rice production in Cross River State, Nigeria. The population of this study comprises of all the small scale rice farmers in Cross River State. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to collect data from 219 rice farmers using a well structured questionnaire. Cobb-Douglas Stochastic production frontier function and marginal analysis were used for the analysis. The result revealed that there was gross inefficiency in the allocation of productive resources among small scale rice farmers in the study areas.........

Keywords: Allocative efficiency, Cross River, Resource allocation, rice farmers, rice production

[1]. Abiola, O.A., Mad Nasir, S., Alias, R. and Ismail, A.L. (2016). Resource-Use and Allocative Efficiency of Rice Production in Mada, Malaysia. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development. Vol. 7(1)
[2]. Akande, T. (2003). "An Overview of Nigerian Rice Economy" Monography published by the Nigerian Institution of Social and Economic Research (NISER), Ibandan.
[3]. Amaza, P.S. and J.K. Olayemi. (2002). Analysis of Technical Inefficiency in Food Crop Production in Gombe State,Nigeria. Applied Economic Letters 9:51-54.
[4]. Coelli, T.J. (1994). A Guide to Frontier 4.1: A computer programme for stochastic frontier Production andcostfunction estimation. Department of Econometrics, University Of New England. Armidale
[5]. Chukwuji, C.O. Inoni, O.E. Ogisi, D.O. and Oyaide, W.J. (2006). " A Quantitative Determination of Allocative Efficiency in Broiler Production in Delta State, Nigeria. Agriculturae Conspectus Scientific us, vol. 71(1):21-26

ABSTRACT: The study determined the accessibility and repayment of agricultural loans among small-scale farmers in Benue State, Nigeria. Structured questionnaires were used to obtain information from 238 farmers randomly selected. Data were analysed with descriptive statistics, ordered logit regression and multiple regression analysis. Result shows that farmers have a mean age of 46.84 years and majority (77.3%) of the farmers were males. Most (87.0%) of the farmers were married and spent 9.9 years in acquiring formal education with experience of 22.4 years. Majority (82.4%) of the respondents obtained informal loans.........

Keywords: Collateral, Interest, Logit, Regression, Repayment

[1]. P. B. Imoudu and E. Onaksaponome, Bank Loan Requirement and Availability for Nigerian Small Farmers: A comparative Analysis of Experience. African Review of Money Finance and Banking, 1, 1992, 49-61.
[2]. A. J. Adegeye, and J. S. Dittoh, Essential of Agricultural Economics (Impact Publishers Nigeria, Ltd, Ibadan 1985).
[3]. M.R. Kohansal,and H. Mansoori, Factors affecting on loan repayment performance of farmers in Kharasan-Razavi province of Iran. A paper presented in a conference on International Research on Food Security. Natural Resource Management and Rural Development, University of Hamburg. http//:www.tropintag.de/264.pdf.
[4]. I. N. Nwachukwu, C. S. Alamba, and A. Oko-Isu, Determinants of institutional credit repayment performance among farmers in Afikpo North LGA of Ebonyi state, Nigeria. AAB BIOFLUX 2 (3), 2010, 211-226.
[5]. D. Awunyo-Victor, Determinants of loan repayment default among farmers in Ghana. Journal of Development, Agriculture and Economics.4(13), 2012, 339-345

ABSTRACT: The present investigation was conducted to assess biological indicators reliable for assessing the nutritional status of dairy cows under field conditions. The serum biological indicators for assessment of energy includes glucose, cholesterol and NEFA in Jx in this study varied from 42.73 to 46.78 mg/dl, 142 to 177 mg/dl and 0.56 to 0.61 mmol/l respectively at different physiological stages. In HFx serum biological indicators for assessment of energy includes glucose, cholesterol and NEFA varied from 37.76 to 52.17 mg/dl , 96 to 109 mg/dl and 0.41 to 0.72, mmol/l respectively at different physiological stages and were within the reference range value.........

Keywords: Dairy cows - Nutritional status – biological indicators

[1]. Alacam, E., D. Tuncer, R. Salmanoglu, M. S. Kucukersan, M. Kucukersan and Abdurrahman ozluer, 2008. The effect of a nutritionally unbalanced diet on some blood and post partum fertility in dairy cows.Turk. J. Vet. Anim.Sci., 32: 99-106.

[2]. Anderson,D.E and M. Rings (2009) Current Veterinary Therapy: Food Animal practice. St.Louis,MO :Saun Elsevier.
[3]. Arunaman, S., 2002. Metabolic profile test during perparturient diseases. M.V.Sc., thesis submitted to TANUVAS , Chennai.
[4]. Baker, L. D., J. D. Ferguson and W.Chalupa,.1995. Responses in urea and true protein on milk to different protein feeding schemes for diary cows. J.Dairy Sci., 78: 2424-2434.
[5]. Bakshi, M. P. S. and M. Wadhwa, 2011. Nutritional status of dairy animals in different regions of Punjab state in India. J.Anim. Sci. 81 : 52-58.

ABSTRACT: El propósito del estudio fue determinar la eficiencia de remoción de contaminantes del agua mediante la especie EichhorniaCrassipes para el riego de las áreas verdes en la Universidad Peruana Unión (UPeU). Esta investigación surge de observar la contaminación del agua de superficie causada por la presencia de residuos urbanos, domésticos e industriales en el cuerpo de agua a tratar, reduciendo la calidad de esta fuente para riego y generar riesgos a la salud de las personas del campus universitario y otros destinos.El sistema de tratamiento se instaló en la zona denominada "La mansión", donde existe una laguna cuyas dimensiones son 3050.16m2, profundidad 4 m, volumen 6405.336 m3 y un caudal de 0.12 m3/sg, con.........

[1]. Arroyave, M. d. (febrero de 2004). La Lenteja de agua (Lemnaminor L.): Una planta acuática promisoria. REVISTA EIA(1), 33-38.
[2]. Bonilla Barbosa, J., & Santamaría Araúz , B. (2013). bonilla@uaem.mx. Obtenido de http:// www. biodiversidad. gob.mx/ especies/Invasoras/pdf/acuaticas-invasoras-cap13.pdf
[3]. Borrero, J. A. (2012). Macrófitas flotantes en el tratamiento de aguas residuales; una revisión del estado del arte. Ingenieria y Ciencia, ing.cienc. ISSN 1794-9165 , 221-243.
[4]. Celis, J., Junod, J., & Sandoval, M. (01 de Junio de 2005). Recientes aplicaciones de la depuracion de aguas residuales con plantas acuaticas. Recuperado el 18 de Abril de 2014, de Recientes aplicaciones de la depuracion de aguas residuales con plantas acuaticas: http://www.ubiobio.cl/theoria/v/v14/a2.pdf
[5]. Celis, J., Junod, J., & Sandoval, M. (2005). Recientes aplicaiones de la depuración de aguas residuales con plantas acuáticas. Theoria, 17-25.

ABSTRACT: Tree borne oilseeds (TBOs) namely Neem cake, Jatropha cake, Mahua cake and Karanja cake were evaluated for mass culturing of Trichodermaharzianum showed that Neem cake is the best substrate in vitro while Jatropha cake in vivo. The antagonist could be stored for more than 3 months but an increase in number of viable propagules up to 4 months was measured from all the substrates except Karanja (up to 105 days) when mixed with Sucrose; a kind of sugar. Among all substrates Neem cake found maintaining high population at 30 days of inoculation with T. harzianumin the form of colony forming units (CFUs) per gram of substrate.

Keywords:Tree born oilseeds (TBOs); sucrose; Trichodermaharzianum; self-life; longevity; viability etc.

[1]. G. Kousalya and R. Jeyarajan, Mass multiplication of Trichoderma spp. Journal of Biological Control, 4, 1990, 408-414.
[2]. I.S. Sawant and S. D. Sawant, Coffee fruit skin and cherry husk as substrates for mass multiplication of Trichoderma harzianum an
antagonist of citrus Phytophthora, Indian Phytopathology,42, 1990, 336.
[3]. M. Anandaraj and Y. R. Sarma, Mature coconut water for mass culture of bio-control agents, Journal Plantation Crops, 25, 1997,
112-114.
[4]. A. Kumar, R. Singh, and A. Tomer, De-oiled cakes of Neem, Jatropha, Mahua and Karanja: A New Substrate for mass
multiplication of T. harzianum, Journal of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, 6 (7), 2015, 288-92.
[5]. A.K. Tewari and A.N. Mukhopadhyay, Testing of different formulations of Gliocladiumvirens against chickpea wilt complex,
Indian Phytopathology, 54, 2001, 67–71.

ABSTRACT:Plant powders were traditionally used as grain protectants (Isman, 2000, rajasekhar et al, 2012). The mode of action of plant powders may vary but with low to moderate dosages, the effect is repellant or toxic (Rajapakse, 2006). Salvadores et al(2007) showed that powders of P.nigrum, Cinnammomum annum and Cinnammommum zeylanicum had a repellent effect on Sitophilus zeamais. In the study, at higher concentrations 100 percent mortality was achieved. Roots of Inulara cemosa showed high repellence to Sitophilus oryzae and also had strong insecticidal activities against the weevil (Liu et al, 2006). The use of plant powders is the simplest method of grain protection. However

[1]. Isman, M.B. 2000. Plant essential oils for pest and disease management. Crop Protection. 19. 603-08.
[2]. Rajashekar, Y., Bakthavatsalam, N. and Shivanandappa, T. 2012. Botanicals as grainprotectants. Psyche, 2012: 1-13.
[3]. Rajapakse, R.H.S. 2006. The potential of plants and plant products in stored insect pest management. The Journalof Agricultural
Sciences 2, 11-21.
[4]. Salvadores, U. Y., Silva, A. G., Tapia V. M., Hepp G. R. 2007. Polvos de especiasaromáticas para el control delgorgojo del maíz,
SitophiluszeamaisMotschulsky, en trigoalmacenado. Agriculturatécnica (Chile): 67.147-154.
[5]. Liu, C.H., Mishra, A.K. and Tan, R.X. 2006. Repellent, insecticidal and phytotoxic activities of isoalantolactone from
Inularacemosa. Crop Protection 25(5):508-511.

ABSTRACT: The study focused on challenges associated with the implementation of unified agricultural extension Services (UAES) programme in Imo State. Specific objectives were to determine the administrative, financial and logistic challenges associated with the implementation of UAES programme. Three research questions guided the study. Null hypotheses were formulated and tested at .05 level of significance. The study adopted survey (descriptive) design and was conducted in Imo State, Nigeria. The population of the study was 22,988 comprising of 22,880 farmers and 108 extension agents in the study area. Total samples of 336 were used consisting of 226 contact farmers and 108 extension agents.........

Keywords :Challenges, Implementation, Unified Agricultural Extension Services

[1]. Abdelhakam, A.M., (2005), "Agricultural Extension in Egypt.Chapter II. In. Proc. FAO Regional Workshop on Options of Reform for Agricultural Extension in the Near East". Amman, Jordan 2-4 October, 2004. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Regional Office for the Near East, Cairo, pp. 22-26.
[2]. Anyakaoha, E. U. (2009), "Developing Research Skills: Concepts and Conceptual Framework". Nsukka: Great AP Express publishers Ltd.
[3]. Ayichi, D. (1995), "Agricultural Transfer for Sustainable rural Development in Nigeria: Concepts, Processes and Prospects". Lagos: Auto century Publishing Company.
[4]. Dandu, S. Anum, J.A. & Madukwe, M.C. (2009), "Extension Capability of Benue State Agricultural Development Authority Publication of Faculty of Agriculture". Nassarawa Sate University. 5(1).55-56.
[5]. Feeder, G.A. (2001), "Agricultural Extension: Challenges and the Ingredients for solution knowledge Generation and Technical Change". Institution Innovation in Agriculture. Bestin Mass.

ABSTRACT: Interchanges in the epigenome caused by the environment have been cited in multiple animal being, ranging from insects to rodents passing through poultry, larger animals, and nonhuman primates to humans. These include DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, histone modifications, and more recently the index has magnified to incorporate noncoding RNAs and microRNA gene regulation. Thus, it is increasingly accepted that, nutrition one of the factors that alter gene expression and affect's health during animal productivity through epigenetic modification. DNA methylation is the most widely studied form of epigenetic modification and occurs within the one-carbon metabolism tract which is dependent upon a number of enzymes in the presence of micronutrients, including folate..............

Keywords:- Nutri-Epigenomics, Livestock, methyl donors, one carbon metabolism.

[1]. Deans, C. and K.A. Maggert, What do you mean,"epigenetic"? Genetics, 2015. 199(4): p. 887-896.
[2]. Trošelj, K.G., R.N. Kujundžić, and I. Grbeša, Epigenetics and Gene Physiology. 2009.
[3]. Preedy, V.R., R.R. Watson, and C.R. Martin, Handbook of behavior, food and nutrition. 2011: Springer Science & Business Media.
[4]. Choi, S.-W. and S. Friso, Nutrients and epigenetics. 2009: CRC Press.
[5]. François, M., et al., G-quadruplexes: A possible epigenetic target for nutrition. Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research, 2015. 764: p. 101-107.

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to investigate the interactive and main effects of parity numbers, parity seasonand parity month on postpartum fertility parameters [ovarian rebound (OR), days open (DO) and number of services per conception (S/C)] in Holstein dairy cows. Overall, 418 Holstein dairy cows [winter (December: 9, January: 13, and February: 15) spring (March: 14, April: 34, and May: 36), summer (June: 59, July: 76, and August: 50), and fall (September: 44, October: 47, and November: 21)] were used in this study. The main effect of season showed a significant (P<0.0001) decrease of days from parturition until OR in spring (20.69 ± 4.98) than other seasons [winter: 30.97 ± 16.18, summer..............

Keywords:- Dairy cows, reproductive performance, ovarian rebound, days open

[1]. M. A. Elmetwally. Postpartum ovarian rebound, Master thesis, Mansoura University, Faculty of veterinary medicine, 2004.
[2]. S W Beam, and W. R. Butler.Energy balance and ovarian follicle development prior to the first ovulation postpartum in dairy cows receiving three levels of dietary fat. Biology of Reproduction 56, 1997, 133-142.
[3]. S W Beam and W.R. Butler. Energy balance, metabolic hormones, and early postpartum follicular development in dairy cows fed prilled lipid. Journal of Dairy Sci. 81, 1998, 121-131.
[4]. M A Crowe , M.G. Diskin, E.J. Williams. Parturition to resumption of ovarian cyclicity: comparative aspects of beef and dairy cows. Animal 1 (8), 2014, 40-53.
[5]. M H Hammoud, S. Z. El-Zarkouny, E. Z. M. Oudah. Effect of sire, age at first calving, season and year of calving and parity on reproductive performance of Friesian cows under semiarid conditions in Egypt.ArchivaZootechnica 13(1),2010, 60-82.

ABSTRACT: This paper analyses fluoride content in 82 soil samples and correlated with physico-chemical and chemical properties of soil. The results indicated that, available F concentration in soils positively correlated with pH and total F content of the soil whereas the correlation coefficient between available F and EC was negative. The relationship between fluoride and CEC, fluoride and P2O5 was negative whereas the correlation coefficient between fluoride and other ions is very poor during both seasons. Increasing fluoride content in soil decreases the available P2O5 content of the soil...............

Keywords:- Nalgonda district, fluoride, soil, Physico-chemical and chemical properties

[1]. Rakshit, P.K, Studies on Estimation of Fluoride and Defluoridation of Drinking Water, Thesis, India Institute of Science, Bangalore, 2004.
[2]. Wedepohl, K. H.. Handbook of geochemistry (Vol. II-l, Berlin, Springer, 1969).
[3]. Rao, N.V.R., Rao, K.S and Schuilding, R.D, Fluorine distribution in waters of Nalgonda District, Andhra Pradesh, India, Environmental Geology, 21, 1993, 84–89.
[4]. Reddy, D.V., Nagabhushanam, P., Sukhija, B.S., Reddy, A.G.S and Smedley, P.L., Fluoride dynamics in the granitic aquifer of the Wailapally watershed, Nalgonda district, India. Journal of Hydrology, 592, 2009, 7236.
[5]. Omueti, J.A.I. and Jones, R.L. Fluoride adsorption by Illinois soils, Journal of Soil Science, 28, 1977, 564‐572.

ABSTRACT: Our surrounding is filled up with a large number of toxicants in different forms and different composition. These toxicants mat contaminate our water, land and atmosphere where we live. Heavy metal pollution in the environment is a significant issue and problem and has its negative impact on the whole living system including in the agriculture fields. But the heavy metals are also the natural constituents of the environment, but indiscriminate use for human purposes has altered their geochemical cycles and biochemical balance..............

Keywords:- Mysuru, Toxicity, Heavy metals, Geochemical cycle, Agriculture.

[1]. Baird, C. 2002. Environmental Chemistry. Bookman, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil (in Portuguese).
[2]. Biego, G.H.; Joyeux, M.; Hartemann, P.; Debry, G. 1998. Daily intake of essential minerals and metallic micropollutants from foods in France. Science of the Total Environment 217: 27-36.
[3]. Chary, N.S.; Kamala, C.T.; Raj, D.S.S. 2008. Assessing risk of heavy metals from consuming food grown on sewage irrigated soils and food chain transfer. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 69: 513-24.
[4]. Cheung, K.H., Gu, J.D., 2007. Mechanisms of hexavalent chromium detoxification by bacteria and bioremediation applications. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 59, 8e15
[5]. Cheung, K.H., Lai, H.Y., Gu, J.-D., 2006. Membrane-associated hexavalent chromium reductase of Bacillus megaterium TKW 3 with induced expression. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 16, 855e862.

ABSTRACT: Withania somnifera or ashwagandha is commonly used as a folk medicine for the treatment of various diseases. It is a natural source of withanolides (steroidal lactones), a phytochemical which are used as ingredients in many formulations prescribed for a variety of diseases. It act as a sedative, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, generally used for increasing energy, endurance, and acts as an adaptogen that exerts a strong immunostimulatory and an anti-stress agent. Ashwagandha is used for treating cold and coughs, ulcers, emaciation, diabetes, conjunctivitis, epilepsy, insomnia, senile dementia, leprosy, Parkinson's disease, nervous disorders, rheumatism, arthritis, intestinal infections, bronchitis, asthma, impotence and a suppressant in HIV/AIDS patients...............

Keywords:- Anti-inflammatory, diuretic, phytochemical, withanolides,Withania somnifera,

[1]. Viji M.O. , Parvatham R., Antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging capacity of in vitro and in vivo regenerated leaf stem and root tissues of Withania somnifera- poshita variety, World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research,3(2), 2014,4023-4036.
[2]. Hasan P, Yasa N, Ghanbari S.V, Mohammadirad A., Dehghan G. Abdollahi M. In vitro Antioxidant potential of Teucrium nolium, as compared to α-tocopherol, Acta Pharm,57,2007,123-129.
[3]. Singh Brijendra Kr., Gahoi Rajat , Sonkar Anuj , A quality assessment and phytochemical screening of selected region of Withania somnifera Dunal, International Journal of pharmaceutical sciences and research,1(7),2010,73-77.
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ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of concentration cow biourine and SP-36 fertilizer application on the growth and production of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill). The research was conducted in the village of KarangSambigalihSugiosubdistrict, Lamongan, East Java, Indonesia. The study used a randomized block design (RAK) factorial design with three replications, consisting of two factors: the concentration of cattle biourine (B) and fertilizer SP-36 (P). Concentration factor of cow biourine consisted of three levels: the concentration of cattle biourine 1: 5 (B1), the concentration of cattle biourine 1: 10 (B2), without biourine (B3). Factors kinds of fertilizers SP-36 consists of three levels: Without fertilizer SP-36 (P1), SP-36 fertilizer 100 kg ha-1 (P2) and SP-36 fertilizer 125 kg ha-1 (P3)................

Keywords:- Biourine Plus Beef, Soybeans, Increased Production.

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