IOSR-JAVS   Volume-9 ~ Issue-9 ~ SEP-2016

ABSTRACT: Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the staple food for people worldwide. Rice cultivation is one of the most vital agricultural activity on earth, almost 90% of Rice being produced in Asia. It is an annual grass of family Gramineae, subfamily Oryzoidea and belongs to genus Oryza. Rice is the seed of the monocot plants. It occupies one fifth of the total land covered under cereal crops. Rice is very nutritious and more than two-thirds of the world's population who depends on the nutritional and medicinal benefits of rice..........

Keywords: Rice, Nutrition, Aerobic and Medicinal.

[1]. Ministry of Indian agriculture. (2014). Agricultural statistics at a glance. Oxford press.
[2]. Bouman, B.A.M., Tuong, T.P. Field water management to save water and increase its productivity in irrigated rice, Agricultural water management. 49(1), 2001, 11-30.
[3]. Bouman, B.A.M., Xiaogaung, Y., Hauqi, W., Zhimin, W., Junfang, Z., Bin, C. Performance of aerobic rice varieties under irrigated conditions in North China, Field Crops Research. 97, 2006, 53-65.
[4]. Deepa, G., Singh, V., Akhilender, N.K. Nutrient composition and physicochemical properties of Indian medicinal rice – Njavara, Food Chemistry. 106, 2008, 165–171.
[5]. Gowada, V.R.P., Henry, A., Yamauchi, A., Shashidhar, H.E., Serraj, R. Root biology and genetic improvement of drought avoidance in rice, Field Crops Research. 122, 2011, 1-13..

ABSTRACT: Fish pond effluent (PW) was evaluated with poultry manure (PM), pig manure (PG) and the inorganic fertilizer (NPK15:15:15) for effectiveness as an organic fertilizer. Experimental plots were laid out as a split plot in RCBD with four main treatments consisting of PW, PM, PG and NPK, and five sub-treatments consisting of nitrogen (N) rates of 0, 150, 300, 450 and 600 kgha-1. The results showed that soil pH increased slightly beyond pre-treatment level at the first rates of manures and NPK but did not increase further as rates increased. Plots treated with PW were significantly (P< 0.05) higher in soil OM, N, P, Ca and bulk density, followed by PG treated plots.1.........

Keywords: fish pond effluent, growth parameters, manure application rates, pineapple, soil chemical properties.

[1]. O. N. Adeniyan, A. O. Ojo, O. A. Akinbode and J. A. Adediran, Comparative study of different organic manures and NPK fertilizer for improvement of soil chemical properties and dry matter yield of maize in two different soils, Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management, 2 (1), 2011, 9 – 13.
[2]. C.R. Blatt, Comparison of several organic amendments with a chemical fertilizer for vegetable production, Scientia Horticulturae, 47, 1991, 177–191
[3]. A. Granstedt, The potential for Swedish farms to eliminate the use of artificial fertilizers, American Journal of Alternative Agriculture, 6 (3), 1992, 122 - 131.
[4]. O. B. Iren, J. F. Akpan, V. F. Ediene and E. E. Asanga, Influence of cassava peels and poultry manure-based compost on soil properties, growth and yield of waterleaf (Talinum triangulare Jacq) in an ultisol of south-eastern Nigeria, Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management, 6 (7), 2015, 187-194.

ABSTRACT: Hemorrhage in the anterior chamber of the eye, or hyphema, results from a breakdown of the blood-ocular barrier (BOB) and is frequently associated with inflammation of the iris, ciliary body, or retina. Hyphema attributable to blunt or perforating ocular trauma is more common than that resulting from endogenous causes. The clinical appearance of hyphema is variable and is influenced by the volume of blood and the amount of time erythrocytes are present in the anterior chamber. When hyphema is evident, a complete history should be obtained and a thorough physical examination performed to direct the initial selection of diagnostic tests. The two primary management issues in animals with hyphema are prevention of secondary hemorrhage (by treating the underlying disease) and control of secondary glaucoma..........

Keywords: Traumatic, Hyphema, clinical management..

[1]. Andras M. Komaromy, David T. Ramsey, Dennis E. Brooks, Cynthia C. Ramsey, Maria E. Kallberg and Stacy E. Andrew, 1999. Hyphema. Part I. Pathophysiologic Considerations. Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian, 21 (11), 1064-1069.
[2]. Komaromy, A. M., Ramsey, D. T., Brooks, D. E., Ramsey, C. C., Kallberg, M. E. and Andrew, S. E. 2000. Hyphema. Part II. Diagnosis and Treatment. Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian, 22 (1), 74-79.
[3]. Nalinee Tuntivanich. 2007. Ophthalmology Snapshot. Thai J. Vet Med. Vol. 37(4): 51-52.
[4]. Priscilla Lenihan and Dorothy Hitchmoth. 2014. Traumatic Hyphema: A Teaching Case Report. Optometric education. Volume 39, Number 3 / Summer 2014.
[5]. Tessie Beck Martins and Claudio S.L. Barros, 2015. Red eyes in the necropsy floor: twenty
[6]. cases of hyphema in dogs and cats. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 35(1):55-61.

ABSTRACT: Mites are living organisms having cosmopolitan distribution and have free to parasitic mode of life. They are microscopic and belong to the largest Arthropods. According to their habit and habitat they are of different types like plant mites, gall mites, animal mites, poultry mites etc. They dwell in dust accumulating in carpets, bedding, fabrics, furniture and poultry. They are negatively photo tactic. Mites are allergens too causing allergies, eczema, asthma, rhinitia, bronchitis etc to human and animals. Humidity and temperature are the most important factors that regulate the dust mite population. Common house dust mite population can be influenced by housekeeping practices. They are killed by predators in nature and by direct exposure to sunrays. As house dust mites are widely distributed, a lot of work has been done on the seasonal dynamics and distribution. The maximum literature available in library, journals, books and internet sites have been cited and studied for the diversity of dust mites and tried to summarize here.........

Keywords:Dust mites, cosmopolitan, allergens, factors, influence and diversity...

[1] Norton, R.A. (1988). Phylogenetic perspectives on genetic systems and reproductive modes of mites, New York: Chapman and Hall: 8-99.
[2] Colloff, M. J. (2007, 2009): Taxonomy and identification of dust mites. CSIRO: 600.
[3] Holliday R. B., Oconnor B. M. and Baker A. S. (2000): "Global Diversity of Mites". Nature and human society: the quest for a sustainable world : proceedings of the 1997 Forum on Biodiversity.
[4] Nayer, E., Lal, M. and Dasgupta, A. (1974): The prevalence of mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and its association with house dust Allergy. Indian J. Med. Res., 62: 11-14.
[5] Bolland H. R., Jean Gutierrez & Carlos Flechtmann H. W. (1997). "Introduction". World Catalogue of the Spider Mite Family (Acari: Tetranychidae). Brill Publishers. pp. 1–3. ISBN 978-90-04-11087-8.

ABSTRACT: The anencephalyisrare in veterinary medicine. This anomaly may be diagnosed by ultrasound, radiography, fetoscopy and more recently by omputed to mography and magneticresonance imaging. The objective of this study was to describe the findings ultrasound performed in thepre-christmasof a bitch Bull Terrierprimiparous, where it waspossibleto diagnose anencephaly in sevenfetuses. The findings high lighted the importance of imaging diagnos is methods for the determination of the anencephaly of dogs.

Keywords:anencephalic fetus, congenital anomalies, dog, morphogenesis, palatoschisis.

[1] B.J. Martini-Santos, A. Diefenbach, T.C. Peixoto, J.E. Nóbrega Jr., B.L. Anjos, Anomalias congênitas múltiplas em felinos domésticos neonatos. AS Veterinariae40(4), 2012, 1087.
[2] L.G.G.G. Dias, F.G.G. Dias, F.M.Ikenaga, C.S.Honsho, F.F. Souza, A.L.Selmi, E. Mattos Junior, Palatoplastia com retalho sobreposto em cão - Relato de caso. RevBrasMedVet37(3), 2015, 179-185.
[3] C.R. Saraiva. Hidrocefalia em canídeos: a propósito de dezesseis casos clínicos, doctoraldiss.,Lisboa FMV-Universidade de Lisboa, 2016.
[4] J.A Santos. Patologia especial dos animais domésticos (mamíferos e aves) (Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Interamericano de CienciasAgricolas- OEA, 1975).
[5] M. Huisinga, M. Reinacher, S.Nagel, C. Herden, Anencephaly in a GermanShepherd Dog. VetPathol47(5), 2010, 948-951.

ABSTRACT: Major rice growing tracts in state coming under 4 agro-ecological units (AEU's) were selected namely, Onattukara sandy soil (AEU 3), Kuttanad (AEU 4), midland wetland laterite(AEU 10), and black soil from ChittorTaluk of Palakkad(AEU 23). An incubation experiment was conducted in the laboratory using these 4 soil types namely, Onattukara sandy soils(S1), Kari soils from Kuttanad (S2), midland wetland lateritic soil(Pattambi (S3) and Black soil from ChittorTaluk of Palakkad(S4) to study the pattern of decomposition of added organic matter and to identify the corresponding variations and stabilization of C:N ratio at equilibrium. For this, the above four soils were incubated under submerged condition with (5 t ha-1) and without (0 t ha-1) incorporation of paddy straw as the source of organic matter. Our results demonstrate that the C:N ratio based on total carbon and total nitrogen in Kuttanad soils was not stabilized at 10:1.

Keywords:Rice soils. Paddy straw .C:N ratio.submergedcondition.

[1]. Ponnamperuma F. N. 1972. The chemistry of submerged soils. AdvAgron. 24:29-96.
[2]. Lal, R. 2004. Soil carbon sequestration in India.Clim.change. 65: 277–296. .

ABSTRACT: Myiasis is tissues infestation by fly maggots. Fifty six cattle clinically infested with maggots were included in this trial. Four control animals given no treatment. Remaining 52 trial cattle were topically applied mixture of Acalypha indica juice extract and Lime water once daily. Recovery was nil and 96% in control and trial groups respectively.

Keywords: Myiasis, Cattle, A.indica, Lime water.

[1]. Prota, Medicinal Plants, Volume 1, Backhuys publishers, Netherlands. , 2008, 23

[2]. Umberto Quattrocchi F.L.S., CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants, CRC press, FL. 2012, 36

[3]. London Medical Gazette, Volume II, London. 1843, 804.

[4]. International Institute of Rural Reconstruction, Ethnoveterinary Medicine in Asia: Ruminants, 1994, 79 [5]. McIntosh MD, Merritt RW, Kolar RE, Kimbirauskas RK, Effectiveness of wound cleansing treatments on maggot (Diptera, Calliphoridae) mortality, Forensic Sci Int. 2011, 210(1-3):12-5

ABSTRACT: The goat (Caprus hircus) farming is considered as important animal husbandry activities in Oman and represents 64% of the total animal population. Most of goat are located in Sharqiyah and Batinah Region and contain 50% of total goat of the country. Dry Mater nutrient requirement for goat animal is about 35% of the total Dry Mater nutrient requirement. Goat production systems in Oman can be classified to three production systems i.e. traditional mounting pasture system, goat and sheep husbandry at farms located at costal area and modern goat production systems at new established farms. Due to low performance of local breed and high cost of inputs the Government introduced animal feed subsidy program and reduce goat feed price by 14%..

Keywords: Stochastic Efficiency with Respect to a Function (SERF), farming system, risk efficient, simulation model, goat breed, resilience ecosystem, sustainability.

[1]. Eva Schlecht, Osman Mahgoub, Andrew Palfreman, (2009), "Social and economic aspects of crop and livestock husbandry, and development of sustainable management options for Al Jabal al Akhdar oases agriculture in Oman". Organic Plant Production and Agroecosystems Research in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Kassel, Germany and Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Studies, College of Agriculture and Marine Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.
[2]. Gregory K. Regier, Timothy J.Dalton , Jeffery R. Williams (2012) " Impact of Genetically Modified Maze on Smallholder Risk in South Africa" AgBio Forum , 15(3): 328-336.
[3]. Hardaker J. B., Richardson J. W., Lien G, Schumann K D. (2004a) " Stochastic efficiency analysis with risk aversion bounds : a simplified approach" Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 48:253-270.
[4]. Hardaker J. B., Huirne, R. B.M., Anderson, J. R., Lien G, (2004b) " Coping with Risk in Agriculture", second ed. CABI Publishing Wallingford.
[5]. Hansen J.W. and Jones J.W. (1996) " A system framework for characterizing farm sustainability " Agriculture Systems , Vol. 51, PP. 185-201.

ABSTRACT: An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of chitosan on the antioxidant enzyme activity and protein content in four Mungbean varieties (BARI Mung3, BARI Mung6, BINA Mung5 & BINA Mung8) under salinity. Each pot having eight kilograms of soil was ready to grow three plants of each variety. The experiment was comprised with four different conditions in triplicates viz. control, saline (40mM Nacl, 25DAS), saline+chitosan (25ppm chitosan, 30DAS on saline condition) and chitosan (25ppm chitosan on control condition). Seed collections was done at 60 DAS followed by data analysis. Protein content (using H2SO4, CuSO4, K2SO4 & selenium in Kjeldahl method), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POD) (using potassium phosphate buffer, EDTA, H2O2, ascorbate, guaicol) were measured accordingly. Salinity enhanced antioxidant enzyme [CAT (maximum 2.47 mM/ml in BARI Mung3), POD (maximum 0.406 mM/ml in BARI Mung6) and APX (maximum 11.99mM/ml in BINA Mung8)] activities compare to control groups in all four varieties..............

Keywords: Salinity stress, Chitosan, Antioxidant enzymes, ROS.

[1]. Arbona, V. and C.A. Gomez (2008). Antioxidant Enzymatic Activity is Linked to Salt Stress Tolerance in Citrus. Plant Physiology 132: 452–466.
[2]. Apel, K. and H. Hirt (2004). Reactive oxygen species: Metabolism, Oxidative Stress, and Signal Transduction. Annu Rev Plant Biology 55: 373-99.
[3]. Anjum, A. (2012). Comparative Studies on Antioxidant Enzyme Action and Ion Accumulation in Soybean Cultivars under Salinity Stress. Environ. Biol. 33: ISSN: 0254-8704.
[4]. Ashraf, M. and M. Shahbaz (2012). Growth Stage Based Modulation in Antioxidant Defense System and Proline Accumulation in Two Hexaploid Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars Differing in Salinity Tolerance. Flora. 207: 388-397.
[5]. Anjaneyulu, E. and M. Balaji (2013). Effect of Salinity Stress on Antioxidant Defense System of Two Finger Millet Cultivars (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn) Differing in Their Sensitivity. Advances in Biological Research 7(5): 180-187.

ABSTRACT: Ten improved varieties of cassava Manihot esculenta (Crantz) obtained from the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Ibadan and a local variety (Efuwa) which served as a local check were evaluated for resistance to Cassava Bacterial Blight (CCB) at the Rivers State Agricultural Development Programme (ADP) Research Farm Degema, Rivers State, Nigeria. The varieties were laid out in a randomized complete block design and replicated three times. Field observation showed that seven varieties were resistant to CBB infection with proportional increase in tuber yield except 91/02324, 97/3200 and 98/2101. Two categories of varieties were observed in the study...............

Keywords: Cassava bacterial blight (CBB),Improved varieties, Resistance, Local check and tuber yield.

[1]. Boher B and Agboli C A 1992. La bacteriose vasculaire du manioc au Togo. Characterization, repartition geographique et sensibilite varietale. Agronomie Tropicale 2: 131 – 136.
[2]. CIAT 1983. Centro International Agricultural Tropica. Morphology of the cassava plant. Study guide series O4EC 0.0.03 Columbi, pp 44. Dale, J.E. and Milthorpe (1983). The growth and functioning of leaves. Cambridge University press, Cambridge England. 79p
[3]. Daniel J F and Boher B 1985a Epiphytic phase of Xanthomonas campestris PV Manthotis on parts of cassava. Agronomie 5: 111 – 116
[4]. Daniel J F and Boher B 1985b Etude des modes de service de I'agent causal de la bacteriose vasculaire du manioc, Xanthomonas campestris FV Manithotis. Agronomie 5: 339 – 346
[5]. FAO 1984 FAO production book, 1984 pp. 115

ABSTRACT: In an experiment conducted at University of Agriculture, Abeokuta Teaching and Reaserch farm (Alabata), twenty one cultivars of cowpea Vignaungiuculata (L) Walp were evaluated for their nodulation, dry matter accumulation and grain yield.The varieties were laid out in a randomized complete block design and replicated three times.Two categories of varieties were observed in the study. The first category consist of Danila, IT 96D -651, IT96K-113-6, IT97K-508-2..............

Keywords: Nodulation, Dry Matter, DAP, Yield, Biomass

[1]. Aghali A. M. (1991): Studies on Cowpea Farming Practices in Nigeria with Emphasis on Insect Pest Control. Tropical Pest management 37: 71 – 74
[2]. Afolabi G. D. (1990): Growth and Development of Three Varieties of Cowpea in Western Nigeria Yield and Dry Matter Production. Tropical Grain Legume Bulletin No. 26; 18 – 20
[3]. Alofe, C. O. and Amusan A. A. (1992): Partitioning Dry matter in relation to Yield Performance in Five Cultivars of Cowpea (VignaUnguiculata(L) Walp). Ife Journal of Agric Vol. 4; 182 – 198.
[4]. Miller J. C., K. W. Zary and G. C. Fernandes (1986).Inheritance of 𝑁2 Fixation efficiency in Cowpea.Euphytica 35: 551 – 560.
[5]. Okeleye A. I., O. J. Ariyo and V. I. Olowe (1999).Evaluation of Early and Medium Duration Cowpea (V. Unguiculata(L) Walp) Cultivar for gronomic Traits and Grain Yield.The Nigerian Agricultural Journal.30: 1 – 11.

ABSTRACT: A threat exists caused by ignorance on how farmers handle the losses due to stem borers in their maize fields especially Busseolafusca and Chilopartellus which are widely distributed and most destructive in most parts of western Kenya. Although the distribution and severity of these pests is largely attributed to conducive climatic conditions of Western Kenya their high proliferation is also attributed to existence of a significantly large number of maize varieties that sustain their survival in the region. These varieties are of least resistance and tolerance to the stem borer..............

Keywords: Busseola fusca , Chilo partellus, Distribution, Kenya, Prevalence, Severity.

[1]. FAOSTAT, 2007.Food and Agriculture Organization Statistical Database.FAO.
[2]. Tefera, T., Mugo, S., Beyene, Y., Karaya, H., & Tende, R, Grain yield, stem borer and disease resistance of new maize hybrids in Kenya, African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(23),2011, 4777-4783.
[3]. Pandey, S., Maize Research Highlights 1999-2000. CIMMYT Technical Bulletin, 6815, 2000, 27-31.
[4]. Pingali, P.L. 2001.CIMMYT 1999–2000 World Maize Facts and Trends.Meeting World Maize Needs: Technological Opportunities and Priorities for the Public Sector. CIMMYT, Mexico, D.F. 60 pp.
[5]. Khan, Z. R., Pickett, J. A., Wadhams, L., & Muyekho, F, Habitat management strategies for the control of cereal Stem borers and striga in maize in Kenya, International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 21(04), 2001, 375-380.

ABSTRACT: Groundwater (GW) is the major source of irrigation in Barind Tract, largest Pleistocene physiographic unit of the Bengal Basin, recognized as a unit of Old Alluvium. Due to overexploitation of this priceless natural resource and lowest amount of rainfall occur in this region, the obtainability of GW resource is under threaten. In spite of these devastating effects there is no sufficient plan of action for protecting this resource from overexploitation. This study describes a contemporary methodology for assessment of available GW resources in Bhawaniganj Pourashava of Bangladesh...............

Keywords: Barind Tract; MIKE-11; MIKE-SHE; Lithology; Design year

[1]. Adhikary, S.K., Das, S.K., Saha, G.C. and Chaki, T., 2013, December. Groundwater Drought Assessment for Barind Irrigation Project in Northwestern Bangladesh. In 20th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation, Adelaide, Australia (pp. 1-6).
[2]. Famiglietti, J.S., Lo, M., Ho, S.L., Bethune, J., Anderson, K.J., Syed, T.H., Swenson, S.C., De Linage, C.R. and Rodell, M., 2011. Satellites measure recent rates of groundwater depletion in California's Central Valley. Geophysical Research Letters, 38(3).
[3]. Hoque, M. A., Hoque, M. M. & Ahmed, K. M., 2007. Declining GWL and aquifer dewatering in Dhaka metropolitan area, Bangladesh: causes and quantification. Hydrogeology Journal, 15(8), pp. 1523-1534.
[4]. Jahan, C. S., Mazumder, Q. H., Islam, A. T. M. M. & Adham, M. I., 2010. Impact of Irrigation in Barind Area, NW Bangladesh – An Evaluation Based on the Meteorological Parameters and Fluctuation Trend in Groundwater Table. Journal of the Geological Society of India, 76(2), pp. 134-142.
[5]. Konikow, L. F. & Kendy, E., 2005. Groundwater depletion: A global problem. Hydrogeology Journal, 13(1), pp. 317-320.

ABSTRACT: Formaldehyde (FA) is a very reactive one-carbon compound, can react with lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids which are cellular components.FA induces cellular toxic effects in the liver by damaging hepatic parenchyma and impairment of functions. This study was carried out to evaluatethe serum biochemical changes and cytotoxic effects on liver in Swiss albino mice caused by FA toxicity. For this purpose, mice were divided into threeequal groups i.e. Control, oral and intraperitoneal.Oral and intraperitoneal groups were further divided into three subgroups which were subjected to exposure of FA for 30 and 10 consecutive days respectively. After exposure...............

Keywords: Formaldehyde, Histomorphology, Liver, Mice, Serum biochemical test.

[1]. ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry), Toxicological Profile for Formaldehyde, US department of Health and Human Services. Atlanta, US, 1999.
[2]. WHO (World Health Organization), IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Formaldehyde, 2-Butoxyethanol and 1-tert-Butoxy-2-propanol, Volume 88, 2006.
[3]. WHO (World Health Organization), International Program on Chemical Safety, Environmental Health. Criteria 89: Formaldehyde, 1999.
[4]. A.E. SMITH, Formaldehyde,Occupational Medicine, 42(2),1992, 83–88.
[5]. G. Cheng, Y. Shi, S.J. Sturla, J.R. Jalas, E.J. Mcintee, P.W. Villalta, M.Wang, S.S. Hecht, Reactions of FA plus acetaldehyde with deoxyguanosine and DNA: formation of cyclic deoxyguanosine adducts and Formaldehyde cross-links, Chemical Research in Toxicology, 16(2), 2003, 145-152.

ABSTRACT: The study focused on challenges associated with the implementation of unified agricultural extension Services (UAES) programme in Imo State. Specific objectives were to determine the administrative, financial and logistic challenges associated with the implementation of UAES programme. Three research questions guided the study. Null hypotheses were formulated and tested at .05 level of significance. The study adopted survey (descriptive) design and was conducted in Imo State, Nigeria. The population of the study was 22,988 comprising of 22,880 farmers and 108 extension agents in the study area...............

Keywords: Challenges, Implementation, Unified Agricultural Extension Services

[1]. Abdelhakam, A.M., (2005), "Agricultural Extension in Egypt.Chapter II. In. Proc. FAO Regional Workshop on Options of Reform for Agricultural Extension in the Near East". Amman, Jordan 2-4 October, 2004. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Regional Office for the Near East, Cairo, pp. 22-26.
[2]. Anyakaoha, E. U. (2009), "Developing Research Skills: Concepts and Conceptual Framework". Nsukka: Great AP Express publishers Ltd.
[3]. Ayichi, D. (1995), "Agricultural Transfer for Sustainable rural Development in Nigeria: Concepts, Processes and Prospects". Lagos: Auto century Publishing Company.
[4]. Dandu, S. Anum, J.A. & Madukwe, M.C. (2009), "Extension Capability of Benue State Agricultural Development Authority Publication of Faculty of Agriculture". Nassarawa Sate University. 5(1).55-56.