iosr-JCE   Volume-23 ~ Issue-2 ~ Mar. - Apr. 2021

Abstract: This work discussed a way of improving smart contract implementation using Ethereumblockchain. This is achieved by the introduction of an improved verification and validation module, together with the Off-blockchain Checker that ensures that cold wallet to cold wallet transaction is checked. The system was modeled using Object-Oriented Analysis and Design methodology, with solidity as the language of implementation. The system showed improved performance over an existing system reaching Transaction Speed (TS), Scalability (S), Consensus and Incentive (CI), Availability and Usability (AU) and Security (S) of 86, 91, 88, 82 and 90 percents respectively against that of an existing system which had 67, 72, 74, 66, 71 respectively.

Keywords: Blockchain, Ethereum, Validation, Verification, Off-Blockchain Checker

[1]. Carlos, M.E., I. Solaima, I. Sfyrakis, J. Ng-Crowcroft (2018). Implementation of Smart Contracts Using Hybrid Architectures with On- and Off-Blockchain Components.23-29. https://arxiv.org/pdf/1808.00093.pdf. Retrieved09/10/2018.
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[4]. Mercy Corps (2017). A Revolution In Trust: Distributed Ledger Technology in relief and Development. https://www.mercycorps.org/sites/default/files/
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Abstract: Smart contracts are programs that run on a blockchain computational infrastructure via transaction-based state transitions. Business process and contracts have been difficult or impossible to carry out without third party due to lack of trust, challenge of repudiation and mutability of contract documents. In this work, a smart contract model with an improved verification and validation system was developed and deployed for a Pharmaceutical products distribution chain. The scripting model was used in implementing a smart contract and deploying it in Ethereum Blockchain. The system was designed using Object-Oriented analysis and design methodology (OOADM), and implemented using Solidity programming language, MetaMask and Remix IDE. The executed transactions were successfully deployed on Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM). The result showed great accuracy, especially in its ability to tackle the problem of counterfeiting of Pharmaceutical products.

[1]. Alexandre, B., R. Brown, R. Julio and B. Antonio (2018).An Exploration of Blockchain Technology in Supplychain Management. 22nd Cambridge International Manufacturing Symposium. University of Cambridge.1-12.
[2]. Alharby, M., and A.Van-Moorsel (2017). Blockchain-based Smart Contracts: A Systematic Mapping Study, International Conference in Programming Languages with Applications to Biology and Security. Springer.142-161. https://doi.org/10.5121/csit.2017.71011. Retrieved 22/09/2018.
[3]. Carlos, M.E., I. Solaima, I. Sfyrakis, J. Ng-Crowcroft (2018). Implementation of Smart Contracts Using Hybrid Architectures with On- and Off-Blockchain Components.23-29. https://arxiv.org/pdf/1808.00093.pdf. Retrieved09/10/2018.
[4]. Chen, T., X. Li, X. Luo and X. Zhang (2017). Under-optimized smart contracts devour your money. IEEE 24th International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering (SANER). 442-446.
[5]. Ciccio, C.D., A. Cecconi, M. Dumas, L. Garcia-Banuelos, O. Lopez-Pintado, Q. Lu, J. Mendling, A. Ponomarev, A.B. Tran, and I. Weber (2018). Blockchain Support for Collaborative Business.Processes. Informatik Spektrum. 42(3).182-190.

Abstract: Monitoring of environmental parameters like temperature, humidity, pH level, gas presence, and others accurately is a multi-domain signal processing task. This involves data sensing, filtering, processing, and actuating based on the processed values. In order to perform this task, various architectures have been proposed, which range from using Arduino-based controller, DSP controllers, Raspberry-Pi controllers, and FPGA devices. Each of these implementations has their own nuances, some of them have limited processing capabilities, while others have high cost of deployment. In this paper, we propose a novel hybrid methodology which combines the power of FPGA with the flexibility of soft computing algorithms in order to devise a highly efficient environment monitoring system.......

Key Word: Actuating, filtering, monitoring, nodules, sensing.

[1]. Hamzeh Varshovi, Yousef Seifi Kavian, Karim Ansari-Asl : Design and implementing wireless multimedia sensor network for movement detection using FPGA local co-processing. Multimedia Tools and Applications, Available: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-018-7104-0.
[2]. Marwen Roukhami, Mihai T. Lazarescu, Francesco Gregoretti,Younes Lahbib, Abdelkader Mami : Very Low Power Neural Network FPGA Accelerators for Tag-less Remote Person Identification Using Capacitive Sensors. IEEE Access, VOLUME XX, DOI 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2931392 (2017).
[3]. Gehad I. Alkady, Dina G. Mahmoud, Ramez M. Daoud, Hassanein H. Amer, Manar N. Shaker, Hany M. ElSayed, and Magdy S. ElSoudani, Ihab Adly, Betim Cico: Reliable FPGA-Based Network Architecture for Smart Cities. IEEE 978-1-7281-4058-2/19, pp. 334-337. (2019).
[4]. Jincheng Yang, Lu Wang, Xueliang Wang, Qingyang Liu,Lin Pang, Haiyang Liu.: Modeling Wireless Sensor Networks on FPGA Platform: A Stochastic Network Calculus Approach. IEEE 4th International Conference on Computer and Communications, 978-1-5386-8339-2/18/$31.00, pp. 904-908, (2018).
[5]. Yibin Li,Member, IEEE, Jia Si, Sile Ma: Using Energy-aware Scheduling Weather Forecast based Harvesting for Reconfigurable Hardware. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Computing, DOI 10.1109/TSUSC.2018.2800717, (2018).

Abstract: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus which leads to acquired immune deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), which causes failure of the immune system thus, allowing other infections, ulcers, cancers and other diseases to affect the body and thrive. This research aimed at the use of multi-layer artificial neural networks with back propagation to predict the HIV/AIDS viral load levels over a given period of time. Data were collected from Adamawa State Specialist Hospital, Yola Adamawa State. R – Programming and STATA Version 15 were used to analyses the data. A total of 546 records were collected, in classification, 365 records were used in training set while 181 were used as a testng set. Performance accuracy of the model was checked using confusion matrix, ROC and other derived evaluation attributes such as sensitivity, specificity, and precision..

Key Word: Multi layer, Neural network, Viral load, Confusion Matrix, Sensitivity

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[3]. Levy, J. A. (2007). HIV and the Pathogenesis of AIDS. Washington: ASM Press.
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[5]. Averting HIV and AIDS. (2016, 11 25). HIV Strains and Types. Retrieved from Averting HIV and AIDS: http://www.avert.org/professionals/hiv-science/types-strains

Abstract: Women entrepreneurs are recognized as drivers for sustainable and inclusive socio-economic growth. Despite this, Small-Scale Women Entrepreneurs (SSWEs) undergo challenges in the current global market due to limited access and use of Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs). The disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic is fuelling fast-paced innovation and uptake of digital technologies in all spheres of life indicating that the widespread shift to the use of more ICTs is indispensable. This is becoming increasingly clear that SSWEs are under considerable......

Key Word: Empowerment, Information Communications Technologies (ICTs), Information Communication Technology for Development (ICT4D), Small-Scale Women Entrepreneurs (SSWEs), Socio-Economic Development

[1]. UN Women.org (2021). Report on the UN Women global response to COVID-19. United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and Empowerment of Women. Retrieved from https://www.unwomen.org/en/digital-library/publications/2021/02/report-on-the-un-women-global-response-to-covid-19
[2]. The World Bank (2020). World Bank Group Launches Initiatives Supporting Women Entrepreneurs. The World Bank IBRD-IDA. Retrieved from https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2020/02/16/world-bank-group-launches-initiatives-supporting-women-entrepreneurs
[3]. World Bank (2018). An Operational Guide to Women's Entrepreneurship Programs in the World Bank July 2018 Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice, World Bank. Retrieved from http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/ 629041543523635439/pdf/Operational-Guide-to-Womens-Entrepreneurship-Programs-An-Overview.pdf
[4]. Abebe, N.T., and Gemeda, A.M. (2020). Challenges and Opportunities of Growth of Micro and Small Enterprises in Asella City, Ethiopia. International Journal of Business Marketing and Management (IJBMM) Volume 5 Issue 8 P.P. 42-50. Retrieved from www.ijbmm.com.
[5]. United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) (2019). UNIDO as a global platform for the promotion of women's economic empowerment-Initiatives in Europe and Central Asia. Proceedings of the Vienna International Conference held on 8th February, 2019. Retrieved from https://www.unido.org/unido-global-platform-promotion-womens-economic-empowerment-initiatives-europe-and-central-asia

Abstract: Kenya like other developing countries is faced with a burden of disease aggravated by poverty. Communicable and non- communicable diseases are increasing at an alarming rate and straining already overburdened and weak heath systems. Faced with a rapidly growing population, poorly equipped health workforce and meager resources to support the healthcare systems, there is a continuous search for tools to offer better healthcare in these resource constrained settings. ICT for development is one tool that has been adopted to improve access to quality healthcare for populations in resource constrained settings. While the tool has been shown to impact the health care sector positively, the use of ICT has.....

Key Word: ICT, ICT for Development, Health, Interoperability, Usability

[1]. Special Report. (2020, Mar 26). The Economist, n/a. Retrieved online https://www.economist.com/special-report/2020/03/26/africas-population-will-double-by-2050.
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[4]. World Health Organization (WHO 2019) Health Systems Equity, https://www.who.int/healthsytems/topics/equity/en/
[5]. Mcintyre, D., Meheus, F., & Røttingen, J. A. (2017). What level of domestic government health expenditure should we aspire to for universal health coverage?. Health Economics, Policy and Law, 12(2), 125-137.

Abstract: This paper deals with application of decision tree algorithms based on data mining methodologies for optimizing the representative process of Nuclear Power Plant by estimating the steady state parametric values of key performance indicator variables. With this the operator will be in apposition to estimate the optimum values of the critical parameters, tune the process to the estimated values so that the process efficiency can be improved with the available resources. He will also be able to forecast process upset conditions and plan for maintenance and surveillance schedules with these predictions. Expert systems using data mining is a promising area of process optimization. It plays an important role in improving the plant capacity factor, increases the availability and reduces the down times. Operator Assistance by systems based on data mining techniques will act as a cognitive aid to assess the process conditions, take quick decisions and corrective actions......

Keywords: Adaboost, Area Under the Curve, Bagging Tree,C4.5, Conditional Inference Trees, Confusion Matrix, Data modelling, Data mining, Data Transformation, Decision Trees, Random forest, Resource Operating Characteristics Curves

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