IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-11 ~ Issue-8 ~ August 2017

Abstract: Sugar apple fruit(Annona) is a tropical fruit very prized for its pleasant, aromatic and distinctive flavor. Annonas are generally consumed as fresh fruits, but are also widely used in semi-processed and processed products. Annona is ideal for processing due in part to the high recovery of pulp, and also because of its properties, especially the exotic taste and smell. The fruit is an excellent source of energy as it is high in carbohydrate. The fruit contains vitamin C, minerals such as calcium, phosphorus and potassium. Products such as juice, jam, nectar are widely commercialized. A large number of chemical compounds, including flavonoids, alkaloids and acetogenins, have been extracted from annona seeds and many other parts of the plant. The aim of processing the pulps of ripe fruits to add value to these fruits, jams, nectar, and juice have been developed.

Keywords: Annonaceae, nutritional value, tropical fruits.

[1] K.H.Babu, Zaheeruddin Md.and P.K.Prasad, Studies on Postharvest Storage of Custard Apple, Acta Horticulturae, 1990, 269-299.
[2] A.P.George and R.J.Nissen , Edible Fruits and Nuts (Annona cherimola Mill. and Annona squamosa L.In: Plant Resources of South-East Asia, 2. Edited by E. W. M. Verheij and Coronel R. E. Prosea, Bogor, Indonesia, 1992) 71-75.
[3] J.M.Lahoz , M.Gutierrez , M.M.Sola., R.Salto , L.Pascual , M.Martinez-Cayuela and A.M.Vargas, Ethylene in Cherimoya Fruit (Annona cherimola Mill.) Under Different Storage Conditions, Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry, 41 (5), 1993, 721-23.

Abstract: The aim of the research is to identify the concordance value of farmer behavior and green house emission reduction in rice cultivation in swamp ecosystem in Barito Kuala in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. In order to identify the concordance level, the questionnaire distributed to 375 respondent in Tamban and Marabahan sub-regency. Data was analyzed descriptively. Result of the study shows that farmer behaviors has high level concordance to the green houses gases emission reduction............

Keywords: green houses gases mitigation, rice cultivation, local rice variety, peat swamp ecosystem

[1]. S.C. Whalen. Biogeochemistry of Methane Exchange Between Natural Wetlands and The Atmosphere. Environmental Engineering Science 22, 2005, 73–94
[2]. IPCC. Climate Change 2007-The Physical Science Basis (Contribution of Working Group I to The Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC, IPCC, 2007).
[3]. AM. Nahlik, and W.J. Mitsch. Effect of Climate on Methane Emissions from Tropical Freshwater Wetlands in Costa Rica (Global Change Biology, 2010).
[4]. IPCC. The Supplementary Report to The IPCC Scientific Assesment (Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, 1992).
[5]. AB. Yulianto. Pendugaan Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca (GRK) dari Lahan Padi Gambut Serta Analisis Serapan Karbon Oleh Tanaman (IPB Bogor, 2008)..

Abstract: The search for clean and highly efficient technologies, with high power of elimination of pollutants and reduced cost is becoming constant due to the increasingly rigorous legal requirements on the quality of liquid effluent disposal. In this scenario, the Advanced Oxidative Processes seem to be an alternative technique for the treatment of toxic and/or recalcitrant effluents and have been attracting great attention in the scientific and industrial area. This study aimed to evaluate the cost/benefit and the average reaction time of the slurry degradation process via Fenton, considered a source of environmental pollution in landfills. According to the results obtained in the Fenton process, there was a conversion................

Keywords: Slurry, Degradation, Fenton, Stochastic Model, Advanced oxidative process.

[1]. Apha-Awwa. Standart methods for examination of water and wastewater. 20.ed. Washington DC: American Public Health
Association – American Water Works Association, 1998.
[2]. Cardeña, U. M. J. Tramento de efluentes aquosos contend clorofenóis por meio de processo oxidative avançado Foto-Fenton. 118 f.
Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo, 2009.
[3]. Cavalcanti, A. S., Hizário Filho, H. J, Costa, M. D. P., Pancotto, J. V. S., Silva, M. B. Estudo da aplicação de foto-Fenton
(Fe2+/H2O2) solar no pré-tratamento do chorume. Augmdomus, v. 5, p. 141-153, 2013.
[4]. Esplugas, S., Contreras, S., Pascual, E. Comparison of different advanced oxidation processes for phenol degradation. Water
Research, v. 36, 1034-1042, 2002.
[5]. Giménez, J., Bayarri, B., González, O., Malato, S., Peral, J., Espulgas, S. Advanced oxidation processes at laboratory scale:
Environmental and Economic Impacts, ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, p. A-I, 2015..

Abstract: Adsorption – desorption processes controls the fate and bioavailability of heavy metals in soils. In this study, adsorption-desorption characteristics of aggregated soil samples from Sapele was studied using batch process in order to ascertain how heavy metals cations (Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd & Cr) are adsorbed and desorbed onto and from soil solid phase in a competitive situation. For all metals, we noted a general increase in metal adsorbed as equilibrium concentrations increases. The distribution coefficients (Kd) also increases with decrease concentration of soil solution.................

Keywords: Adsorption, desorption, distribution coefficients, heavy metals, sandy-loam, Sapele.

[1] W. Stumm and J. J. Morgan, Aquatic chemistry (3rd edn. New York, John Wiley and sons, 1992).
[2] P. C. Gomes, M. P. F. Fontes, A. G. Sila, E. S. Mendonca, and A. R. Nelto, Selectivity sequence and competitive adsorption of Heavy Metals by Brazilian soils, Soil Sci. Soc Am. J. 65, 2001, 1115-1121
[3] M. B. McBride, Environmental chemistry of soils (New York, oxford university press, 1994).
[4] S.V. Karmarkar and M.A. Tabatabai, Adsorption of oxyanions by soils, Soil Sci. Trends Agric. Sci., 1, 1993, 63 – 101
[5] D. L. Spark, Environmental soil chemistry (2nd ed. San Diego, CA, Academic Press, 2003).

Abstract: This experiment was designed to characterize the chemical components of 76 tea clonal materials .(NGC1-77).imported into Nigeria on their suitability as raw materials for the production of Green tea The 77 tea clonal materials imported from China were established on the Mambilla Highland (1450m above mean sea level) The tea were plucked in the manner of material for green tea production (1+2) using the bud and the first two leaves and dried at 100OC temperature before the chemical analysis. Quality parameters assessed include, % moisture content, %Tannin, %crude fibre, % total ash and caffeine .The quality of the raw materials were compared with the standard quality parameters as recommended by the international standards for tea using protocols................

Keywords: Green tea, Highlands, Kenya, China, quality

[1] Aroyeun 2013 crude fibre, water extracts, total ash, caffeine and moisture contents as diagnostic factors in evaluating green tea quality. Italian Journal of Food Science vol 25, pages 70-75
[2] Aroyeun S.O., G.O.Iremiren, Omolaj, S.S., Okelana, F.A., Olubamiwa O., R.R Ipinmoroti, Oloyede A., Ogunwolu, S.O., Daniel, M.A., Jayeola C.O., Sowunmi Fatai A., and Odumbaku, L.A (2012) Developing local Processing Technology for Black and Green Tea and evaluation of Conformance to ISO standard. World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development vol 9 (4) pp 317-325
[3] Magoma G., Wechins F.N., Obanda M., Imbuga M. and Agong S.G. 2000. The use of catechins as biochemical markers in diversity studies of tea (Camellia sinensis). Genetic Bioresource and Crop Evol. 41: 107-114.
[4] Roberts E.A.H. and Smith R.F. 1963. The phenolic substances of manufactured tea IX. The spectrophotometric evaluations of tea liquors. J. Sci. Food Agric.14: 689-700.
[5] Robinson J.M. and Owuor T.O. 1992. Tea aroma. In: Tea cultivation to consumption. K.C.

Abstract: This research was designed to evaluate the spent mobile phone batteries (Samsung and Tecno) concentration and the duration of exposure that could cause potential toxicity effect on the organism Nitrobacter sp. Winogradsky medium were used for the isolation of bacteria test species. Standard toxicity procedures were applied using mobile phone batteries, Samsung and Tecno prepared at concentrations of 0%, 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50% and 75%, tested for exposure period of 0h, 4h, 8h, 12h and 24h. The median lethal concentration (LC50) of the batteries used decreased................

Keywords: Toxicity, median lethal concentration (LC50), Mobile Phone batteries, Samsung and Tecno, Nitrobacter sp.

[1] ALPHA (1992 ). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 18th ed. Washington DC. American Publish Health Association, American Water Works Association, Water Pollution Control Federation. Washington, DC.
[2] Syzdek, J. A.; Borkowska, R.; Perzyna, K.; Tarascon, J. M.; Wieczorek, W. A. A. (2007). "Novel composite polymeric electrolytes with surface-modified inorganic fillers". Journal of Power Sources. 173 (2): 712–720. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.05.061
[3] Chung, S. Y.; Bloking, J. T.; Chiang, Y. M. (2002). "Electronically conductive phospho-olivines as lithium storage electrodes". Nature Materials. 1 (2): 123–128. doi:10.1038/nmat732. PMID 12618828.
[4] Godshall, N. A., Raistrick, I. D. and Huggins, R. A. (1982) U.S. Patent #4,340,652 issued July 20, 1982; "Ternary Compound Electrode for Lithium Cells"; filed by Stanford University on July 30, 1980 and Assigned to the United States of America.
[5] Nazri, Gholamabbas & Pistoia, Gianfranco (2004). Lithium batteries: science and Technology. Springer. ISBN 1402076282.

Abstract: One tool to obtain data on the health of the aquatic ecosystem is the use of bioindicators or biomonitors. The present study aimed to test the validity of the oviparous and viviparous monogeneans of the Nile catfish, Clarias gariepinus as a tool for monitoring some aquatic ecosystems in the Nile Delta, Egypt. Three differing-water quality ecosystems were studied during the period from October 2015 to September 2016: Damietta Branch of the River Nile, Ammar Drain (Drain No. 2) and Telbanah Drain. Obtained data revealed that the studied monogenean species varied greatly in their numbers on the catfish host, with the oxygen-poor, pungent smell, highly turbid, dirty, shallow and small-sized Telbanah Drain was the most hospitable habitat for these parasites (4907 out of 7098 worms).................

Keywords: Monogenean Microfauna, Clarias gariepinus, Biomonitors, Water Pollution, Nile Delta, Egypt.

[1] S. Sebelova, B. Kuperman, and M. Gelnar, Abnormalities of the attachment clamps of representatives of the family Diplozoidae, Journal of Helminthology, 76: 2002, 249–259.

[2] D. J. Marcogliese, Parasites: small players with crucial roles in the ecological theatre, EcoHealth, 1: 2004, 151–164.

[3] S. V. Deore, and S. B. Wagh, Heavy metal induced histopathological alterations in liver of Channa gachua (Ham), Journal of Experimental Sciences, 3(3): 2012, 35-38.
[4] H. M. Elbaghdady, A. M. El-Naggar, H. M. Rabee, and A. M. Khalil, Assessment of Physicochemical Factors, Heavy Metals, Organic and Microbial Pollution of water in Omar Bek Drain, Nile Delta, Egypt, Journal for Studies in Management and Planning, 2(12): 2016, 129-159.
[5] A. M. El-Naggar, S. H. Abdeen, A. E. Hagras, A. E. Abdrabbuh, and M. I. Mashaly, A. A. Al-Halani, Impacts of Fluctuations of Physicochemical Environmental Parameters of Aquatic Ecosystems on Somatic Indices and Sex Hormones of the Teleosts Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis niloticus niloticus, Journal of Bioscience and Applied Research, 2 (10): 2016, 670-685.

Abstract: Sustainable tourism development issues in Boti Dalam villages in Timor Island Indonesia has been identified crucial for future local community existence and its cultural and natural resources. The aim of the research is to identify five aspect related to the sustainable tourism construction Boti Dalam, namely economic, environment, socio-cultural, accessibility, infrastructure and utility, and institution. Result of the study shows that the index of economic dimension was less sustainable (41.12), environment was moderate (53.45), socio-cultural was moderate (50.53), Accessibility, infrastructure, utility was not sustainable (21.28) and institution dimension was less sustainable (31.82).................

Keywords: Sustainable tourism, community-based tourism, nature conservation culture preservation, sustainable community

[1] M. Oppermann and C. Kye-Sung, Tourism in developing countries (International Thomson Business Press. 1997)
[2] J.J. Pigram and Wahab,. Tourism, development and growth: the challenge of sustainability. (Routledge, 2005)
[3] J. Lea, Tourism and development in the Third World (Routledge, 2006).
[4] V. Sasidharan, E. Sirakaya, and D. Kerstetter, Developing countries and tourism ecolabels. Tourism management, 23(2), 2002,
161-174.
[5] WD. Sunderlin, A. Angelsen, B. Belcher, P, Burgers, R. Nasi, L. Santoso, and S. Wunder, Livelihoods, forests, and conservation
in developing countries: an overview. World development, 33(9), 2005, 1383-1402.

Abstract: Acute toxicity of house boat effluents (black water, grey water, ballast water and slop water) was tested on aquatic biota (Paleamonetes africanus and Tilapia guineensis). The toxicity assay based on lethal concentration (LC50) able to kill 50% of the test organism showed at 48hrs, 72hrs and 96hrs exposure the LC50 for black water on Paleamonetes africanus were 25.44, 2.43 and 0.92ppt respectively, 44.71, 2.93, and 0.27ppt respectively were recorded for grey water. The ballast water had LC50 values of 83052.90, 3030.27, and 690.69ppt respectively, 52.50, 0.71, and 0.47ppt respectively was recorded for slop water. Against Tilapia guinensis the values recorded..............

[1] APHA (1998). Standard Methods for the examination of Water and Wastewater. American Public Health Association. 19th Ed.
[2] Blinova I (2000). Use of bioassays for toxicity assessment of polluted water. Institute of Environmental Engineering at TallinnTechnical University.
[3] DPR, (2002). Environmental Guidelines and Standards for the Petroleum Industry in Nigeria (EGASPIN), Revised Edition 2002.
[4] Joel, O.F, Amajuoyi, C.A and Dede, E.B (2009). Dose-Time Effect of Crude Oil and Hydro-test Effluent on Freshwater and Brackish Water Habitats. Journal of Applied Science and Environmental Management. 13(2) 41-45.
[5] Metcalf, C and Eddy, J (2003).Wastewater Engineering, Treatment, and reuse. McGraw Hill Book Co. New York, USA

Abstract: The agrarian area under study is a part of the West Jaintia Hills of Meghalaya, although the rainfall is of the order of 986 cm/annum but still the area is classified as water scanty due to total available water for irrigation and potable use. Forty groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, hardness, major anions (F-, Cl-, NO3, HCO3-, SO42-) and cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+). Hydrochemical characterisation of groundwater was carried out to check for its suitability for irritation purpose. This characteization includes parameters................

Keywords: Gibbs Ratio, Groundwater, Hydro-chemical facies, Irrigation, Sodium Absorption Ratio

[1] S. Sarkar, U.P. Singh and S.D. Pimprikar, Report on Systematic Geological Mapping in North Cachar Hills District, Assam and Jaintia Hills District Meghalaya, Geological Survey of India Report, 1990.
[2] CGWB, NER, Guwahati, Groundwater Information Booklet, Jaintia Hills District, Meghalaya, Technical Report, Ministry of Water Resources, Series: D, No: 7/2009-10, 2009.
[3] APHA, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water 920th edition, (American Public Health Association, New York, USA, 1999.)
[4] D. Carroll, Rainwater as a chemical agent of geologic processes: a review, USGS Water Supply Paper, 1962, pp.1535.
[5] A. M. Piper, A Graphic Procedure in the Geochemical Interpretation of Water Analysis, Transaction American Geophysical Union., Washington D.C., Vol.25, 1944, pp.914-923.

Abstract: Climate change refers to the average increase or decrease in earth's surface temperature. It is a natural phenomenon. We cannot prevent it but, we can minimize its negative effects to some extent. Nowadays human enhances climate change rapidly and it becomes a global issue. The record of human modification of the environment spans at least 2.5 million years. The study of human evolution shows that human have evolved over a long period of time in the face of environment challenges and opportunities (Prof. Arunkumar, 2013). Human activities like burning of fossil fuels, using of air conditioners and refrigerators produces greenhouse gases (GHGs) that increases earth's surface temperature.................

Keywords: Climate change, food security, sustainable development, GHGs, participatory management, capacity building, wetland conservation

[1] Arunkumar "Climatic Influences on Human Evolution" Souvenir & Abstract of Regional Science Congress (North Eastern Region), Organized by ISCA-Imphal Chapter & Manipur University, 30-31 December 2013 p26 &31
[2] Brundtlannd commission report on "Our Common Future" 1987
[3] IGNOU PGDDM (MED-004) " Towards Participatory Management: Block 1,2,3 &4' 2005
[4] IGNOU PGDDM (MPA-001) " Understanding Natural Disasters' 2005 p214-243
[5] IGNOU PGDDM (MPA-004) " Disasters Preparedness' 2014 p149-169