IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-12 ~ Issue-4 ~ April 2018

Abstract: This study sought to determine the effect of anthropogenic activities on the quality of water in Athi River within the Athi River locality in Kenya. The study focussed on analysing the level of hydrocarbon pollution, the relationship between industrial activities and proximity to the river and the level of coliforms in Athi River. Samples collected from selected sample points were tested in a laboratory for color, PH, total dissolved and suspended solids (TSS) dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity, hardness, total dissolved solids (TDS), chloride (Cl-), and Electrical Conductivity.The findings of the research........

Keywords: Anthropogenic. Coliforms, Biochemical oxygen demand, Chemical oxygen demand, Ethylenediametetra acetic acid, Chloride, Carbon dioxide, Nephelometric Turbidity Units, Hydrogen concentration, Total dissolved solids, Total suspended solids

[1]. Ayobahan, S. U. et al. (2014), Assessment of Anthropogenic Activities on Water Quality of Benin River. Journal of Applied Sciences in Environment Management, Vol. 18 No. 4 Pg 629 – 636.
[2]. Bae, H. K, (2013), Changes in River's Water Quality Responded to Rainfall Events. Journal of Environmental and Ecology Research, Vol 1: No 1. Pg 21 to 25
[3]. Barbaros, F. Cetinkaya, C. P. & Harmancioglu, N. (2014), Effects of Human Activities on Water Quality: A Case Study – Mogan & Eymir Basin. Journal For Water Basin Management. Vol. 5: Pg 438 – 452.
[4]. Bhat, S. M. M., Andrabi, S. Z. A. & Shukla, S. (2011), Effect of Idol Imersions on some Water Quality Parameters of Saryu River. European Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol. 1 No. 3, Pg 97-100
[5]. Bhuiyan, A. B. et al. (2013), The Environmental Risk and Water Pollution: A Review from the River Basins Around the World. American Eurasian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol. 7, No. 2 Pg 126-136.

Abstract: Studies on the radiological impact of oil and gas exploration activities in some production land area in Nigeria insitu,, using two radiation meters (Digilert 50 and 100) synchronized and calibrated and a geographical positioning system (GPS). Readings were taken in nine different facilities in each of the oil and gas fields and their host communities. Measured radiation values in the oil field facilities ranged from 0.011+0.003mR/h in Evwreni camp site to 0.031+0.01mRm at the Otorogu gas plant. Mean field exposure equivalent dose rate in the oil field ranged from 0.016+0.006mRm (0.839+0.34mSvy) to 0.0213+0.008mRh (1.134+0.44mSvy) while in the host communities values ranged from 0.0115+0.003Mr/h (0.612+0.16Svy) in Evwreni community to 0.021+0.007mRh (1.117+0.37mSvy) in Otujeremi town and the control study...............

Keywords: Radiologicalimpact, oil and gas facilities, land Area, Delta State.

[1] Ademola, J.A, 2008. Determination of natural radionuclides content in some building materials in Nigeria by Gamma-ray spectrometry. Health physics94(1):43-48
[2] Agalagba O.E. and Meindinyo R.K. (2010) Radiological impact oil spilled environment: A case study of the Eriemu well 13 and 19 oil spillage inUghelli regionof delta State, Nigeria India Journal of science and technology vol.3 No. 9
[3] Akpabio, L.E., ES. Etuk and K. Essian 2005. Environmental radioactive levels in ikotEkpen Nigeria. Nig.J.Space. Res., 1:80-87.
[4] Arogunjo, M.A., I.PFarai and I.A Fuwape, 2004. Impact of oil and gas industry to the natural radioactivity distribution in the delta region of Nigeria . Nig. J.phys.,16:131-136.
[5] Avwiri, G.O.,E.OAgbalagba and P.I Enyinna, 2007. Terrestrial radiation around oil and gas facilities in Ughelli Nigeria. Asian Network for Science Information. J. Applied Sci. 7 (11): 1543-1546.

Abstract: Bangladesh is one of the countries likely to be most susceptible to climate change. The future damaging impacts of natural hazards in the country will be exacerbated by geographic location, huge population and poverty. Cyclones and associated storm surges are considered as some of the most disastrous hazards of the country and have resulted in huge number of deaths and economic damages in the past. During the years from 1797 to 2017, there have been 75 events of cyclone in the coastal areas of Bangladesh most of which were accompanied by storm surges. This study focuses on storm surge modelling for Patuakhali district of Bangladesh located in the south central part of Bangladesh coast. Statistical analysis of historical cyclone data and Digital Elevation Model were used for producing hazard maps having surge inundation depth and spatial extent of inundation........

Keywords: Cyclone, Storm Surge, Surge Decay, Inundation Depth, Hazard Map.

[1]. M. J. Ernst, I. M. Faisal, G. J. Gill and M. Taher, "Bangladesh Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme: Mid-Term Review," UNDP and DFID, 2007.
[2]. M. K. Saha and N. A. Khan, "Changing Profile of Cyclones in the Context of Climate Change and Adaptation Strategies in Bangladesh," Journal of Bangladesh Institute of Planners, pp. 1-12, 2014.
[3]. G. J. Holland, "Ready Reckoner," in Global Guide to Tropical Cyclone Forecasting, Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organization, 1993.
[4]. NOAA, "What is the difference between a hurricane, a cyclone, and a typhoon?," 10 October 2017. [Online]. Available: https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/cyclone.html.
[5]. T. S. Murty, "Storm surges in the marginal seas of the North Indian Ocean," in Proceedings of the WMO/UNESCO sub-forum on science and technology in support of natural disaster reduction, Geneva, 1999.

Abstract: Adsorption is the technique used for removal of pollutants from water. Treatment for removal of fluoride from synthetic water is studied by adsorption process. In this present work, biopolymer Chitosan in its powder and solution form has been employed as a technically economical and viable medium for removal of fluoride. The effects of various physico-chemical parameters like contact time, solute concentration, mixing speed, adsorbent dose are studied. The fluoride concentration decreased with the increasing adsorbent doses, contact time and mixing speed. The optimal condition for removal of fluoride was found to be of 2.5 g of Chitosan in powder form at 60 rpm mixing speed........

Keywords: Fluoride removal, Synthetic water, Chitosan, Adsorption.

[1] American Public Health association (APHA), American Water Works Association and Water Pollution Control Federation. 1980, Standard Methods for the examination of Water and Wastewater, 15th edition, Washington DC, USA.
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[4] Castilla M.C. Adsorption of organic molecules from aqueous solutions on carbon materials, Carbon, Vol 42, 2004. 83-94.
[5] Crini.G. Recent developments in polysaccharide- based materials used as adsorbents in wastewater treatment, Progress in polymer Science, Vol 30.2005.8-70

Abstract: The adverse effect of different concentration of spent calcium carbide waste on the growth indexes of cowpea (Vignaunguiculata L. Walp) was studied at a screen house inThe Federal University of Technology Akure, Nigeria. The crop was planted in spent calcium carbide waste concentration of 100g, 200g and 300g per 5kg of soil alongside a control in experimental pots, each was replicated four times. Results indicate that spent calcium carbide waste had a significant adverse effect on plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, fresh and dry shoot and root biomass especially at 200g and 300g spent calcium carbide waste concentrations. Result showed that cowpea had highest yield in total number of leaves (124.50±2.69), leaf area (73.11±2.0cm2), fresh shoot weight (122.33 ±3.01g) and dry shoot weight (33.28±3.01) at 100g concentration of spent calcium carbide waste to that of 200g and 300g although not significantly different to that of control. It can therefore be concluded that cowpea can tolerate spent calcium carbide at low concentration (100g) not at higher concentration (200g and 300g).

Keywords: Carbide waste; pollution; Vigna unguiculata; Phytotoxicity.

[1]. A dictionary of chemistry (2004). Oxford University Press, pp. 602.
[2]. Abiya, S.E., Odiyi, B.O. and Salau, I.O. (2015).Effect of calcium carbide waste on the growth and biomass of Okra (AbelmoschusesculentusL. Moench).Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology 9(1): 68 – 71.
[3]. Achuba, F.I. (2006).The effect of sublethal concentration of crude oil on the growth and metabolism of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) seedlings.The Environmentalists 26: 17-20.
[4]. Agagabyan, M.M. (1955). On carbide residue's bacterial capacity.Zoological Institute of Erevan, Russia 19: 5–12
[5]. Ahmed, Z., Zia-Hassan and Muhammed, A. (2006). Promoting health environment through enhanced nitrogen efficiency and improve crop yield using calcium carbide.Development in Soil Sciences 92: 774-775.
[6]. Akyeampong, E (1985). Seed yield, water use, and water use efficiency of cowpea in response to drought stress at different developmental stages. PhD Thesis, Cornell University.

Abstract: In this research we have attempted to develop a paper strip based chromatography technique for the on-site detection of heavy metals. Various heavy metal ions such as Pb 2+, Hg2+, Cd2+, Zn2+,, Fe3+, Mn2+ and Co2+ were chromatographed on paper strips impregnated with sodium diethyl- dithiocarbamate ( NADDC) and its admixture with Na2CO3, NaCl, CaNO3, NH4Cl, EDTA, H3PO4, CaCO3,Na2HPO4, H3PO4 and NaOH. Common solvents viz. acetone, acetonitrile, carbon tetrachloride, benzene, and isopropyl alcohol, aqueous NADDC and distilled water were employed as mobile phases. Semi quantitative and qualitative determination of selected heavy metals by visual comparison of colour intensities on the TLC plates as well as by measurement of of developed spot area has been experimentally accomplished. Appropriate onsite paper strip sensors have been developed for binary and multiple separations of selected heavy metals for different industrial wastewater.

Keywords: Industrial Waste Water, Metal Ion Chromatography, Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate

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[2]. Sara Rodriguez Mozaz, Maria-Pilar Marco, Maria J. Lopaz De Alda and Damia Bacelo, Biosensors for Environmental Applications: Future Development Trends, Journal of Pure Appl. Chem., 2004, 76(4), 723-752.
[3]. Devi D. Liana , Burkhard Raghuse, J.Justin Gooding and Edith Chow, Recent Advances in Paper Based Sensors: Review, Journal of Sensors, 2012, 12, 11505-11526.
[4]. H.S Rathore, M Kumar and K Ishrathullah, Metal Ion Chromotography on Sodium Diethyldithiocarbamate, Indian Journal of chemical Technology, 2006, 13, 84-87.
[5]. Sarang S, Dhote, Lata deshmukh and L. Paliwal (2012), Heavy Metal ions Seperation on Thin Layer of Impreganted Carbamide- Formaldehyde Polymer, Journal of Chromat Seperation Tecniq, 3(2), 1-3.

Abstract: Neoloka [2008:29] provides an explanation of the environment, which is all the things, strength, conditions, circumstances and influences contained in the space we occupy, all living beings, including genes, living and nonliving objects, including humans and their behaviour. From the above understanding of the environment, we can conclude that the living environment consists of living beings and inanimate objects, called components of the environment. There are four main issues that can be affected by the countries of the world. These problems include climate change, biodiversity loss, health problems caused by the environment and waste of natural resources. The problem is caused by environmental damage [Kingstone, 2010:1129]. People are very dependent on the environment; people will be destroyed if the environment is damaged. A damaged environment is an environment.............

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