IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-13 ~ Issue-6 ~ June 2019

Abstract: Murshidabad district, West Bengal, is one of the most affected region of Arsenic Contamination in India where around 1/3 of population are directly or indirectly affected by this catastrophe. Around 24blocks (out of 26) are severely affected by the contamination. This paper tries to investigate the causes, socio economic impacts of arsenic contamination in the Murshidabad. It also tries to find the mitigation measures from this cumulative disaster with special reference to Majhyampur Surface based piped water supply scheme in Beldanga I Block. The study reveals that the Majhyampur Water treatment project make a great impact on Beldanga I Block but it is also true that the people of these area can't afford this arsenic free water as it is costly. So a sustainable and holistic approach might free these people from this disaster.

Keywords: Arsenic, groundwater contamination, Majhyampur, Beldanga.

[1]. Abhijit Das, The Economic Analysis of Arsenic in Water – A Case Study of West Bengal, doctoral diss., Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 2011.
[2]. Chakraborti D, Das D, Samanta BK, Mandal BK, Chowdhury RT, Chanda CR, Chowdhury PP, Basu GK (1996) Arsenic in groundwater in six districts of West Bengal, India. Environ Geochem Health 18:5–15
[3]. Chandrasekharam D, Karmakar J, Berner Z, Stuben D (2001) Arsenic contamination in groundwater, Murshidabad district, West Bengal. In Cidu A (ed) Proceedings of the 10th international symposium on water-rock interaction, vol 2, pp 1051–1054
[4]. Chatterjee A, Das D, Mandal B (1995) Arsenic in groundwater of six districts of West Bengal: the biggest arsenic calamity in the world. Part 1. Arsenic species in drinking water and urine of affected people. Analyst 120:640–650
[5]. Das D, Chatterjee A, Samanta G, Mandal B, Chowdhury TR, Samanta G, Chowdhury PP, Chanda C, Basu G, Lodh D, Nandi S, Chakraborty T, Mandal S, Bhattacharya SM, Chakraborti D (1994) Arsenic contamination in ground water in six districts of West Bengal: the biggest arsenic calamity in the world. Analyst 119:168–170.

Abstract: Arsenic is a global threat in this century as a pollutant and it is gradually getting incorporated inside the physiological systems of plant and animals by various means. It is present in our environment in air, soil, water bodies, due to its usage in multiple fields like paints, dyes and paper industries, cotton harvesting, glass manufacturing, herbicides as well as electronics industries. Arsenic affects the animal system at the molecular level. All the complementary organ system is being exposed to environmental Arsenic. Due to these hazardous exposures cell faces a range......

Keywords: Mice, Testes, Spermatozoa, Plasma Membrane, Arsenic, Depolarization, Electron microscope

[1]. Ng J.C., Wang J. &Shraim A. 2003. A global health problem caused by arsenic from natural sources. Chemosphere, 52: 1353-
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[2]. Burzy ński, M. &Kolano, E. In vivo and in vitro effects of copper and cadmium on the plasma membrane H+-ATPase from
cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) roots.Acta Physiol Plant (2003) 25: 39.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-003-0034-z
[3]. Hernández, J A et al. "Antioxidant systems and O(2)(.-)/H(2)O(2) production in the apoplast of pea leaves. Its relation with saltinduced
necrotic lesions in minor veins ." Plant physiology vol. 127,3 (2001): 817-31. doi:10.1104/pp.010188
[4]. Smedley P.L. &Kinniburgh D.G. 2002. A review of the source, behaviour and distribution of arsenic in natural waters. Appl
Geochem, 17: 517-568.
[5]. Mandal B.K. & Suzuki K.T. 2002. Arsenic around the world: a review. Talanta, 58: 201-235..

Abstract: Introduction: Diarrheal disease accounted for 4.6 Billion cases and 2.16 Million deaths worldwide in the year 2004 of which more than 50% were from low income countries. Africa and South East Asia countries accounted for 75% of all deaths; Uganda was among the 15 countries that accounted for 75% of all deaths (WHO, 2008). Objective: This study seeks to assess the relationship among households-based water treatment and diarrheal diseases among residents of Kyegegwa district. Methodology: A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out among 397 households of Kyegegwa district. A multi-stage cluster sampling techniques was used followed by simple random sampling technique; a wellstructured questionnaire was also used. Data were statistically analysed using SPSS for relationship between variables.....

Keywords: household based; water treatment; diarrheal disease.

[1]. Annual Health Sector Performance Report, Ministry of Health (MoH) Uganda Financial Year 2013/2014
[2]. Arnold B, Colford J (2007). Treating water with chlorine at point-of-use to improve water quality and reduce child diarrhoea in
developing countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 76(2):354-64
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doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000367.
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the World Health Organization ; vol. 86, no. 9 ; p. 710-717.
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School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine.

Abstract: This research assessed and x-rays the relationship between resident's socio-economic benefit and the improved rural road project in omuma local government area of Rivers state Nigeria. Two specific objectives measured were; to identify socioeconomic benefits of improved rural community road from the study area, andexamine the relationship between improved rural community road and socio- economic benefits of residents in the study area (improved income, quantity of high institutions, human population increase and quantity of churches). The questionnaire structured on 5 likert scalewas used to drawn information from residents while other information was obtained throughfield....

Keywords: socioeconomic, rural, benefits, road and omuma

[1]. Aggarwal,S.(2018)‟‟ Do Rural roads create pathway out of poverty? Evidence from india‟‟ journal of development economics,
133(c) 375-395.
[2]. Anamika,P., Md, I.H, Mst, R., A, Arook, T., Md. A. H, Md, Z.I.M, Md, J.A, Akib, J., Atiqur, R., Md, S., and Sarker,M.(2016)
"Impact of New Road on Rural livelihood in Bangladesh" Journal Of Humanities And Social Science, 21( 7) 40-45.
[3]. Anjali, A., Sam, A., and Paul, N.( 2016) Educational Investment Responses to Economic Opportunity: Evidence from Indian Road
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Markets in Developing Countries‟‟ www.socialimpact.com1-64.
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Abstract: Anthropogenic activities affect water quality and biological resources such as zooplankton community. A survey on the taxonomic composition and relative abundance of zooplankton groups was conducted in goronyo reservoir between the periods of May and August 2013. A total of 20 and 17 zooplankton species in May and August belonging to three (3) major taxonomic groups namely; cladoceran, copepods and rotifers were identified from goronyo reservoir. These include three(3) species of copepods, four(4) species of
cladoceran and thirteen (13) species....

Keywords: Zooplankton, Goronyo Reservoir, Cladocera, Copepoda, Rotifa.

[1]. Adedeji A.A., Adeniyi, I.F and Masundire, H. (2013). Zooplankton abundance and diversity of fishpons exposed to different
management practices. Int. journal Biol.Chem.sci 7(2): 631-640, April2013 ISSN 1991-8631
[2]. Anamunda A. (2015). Relationship between abundance of zookplankton and physicochemical parameters in lake mweruwantipa,
Zambia. A dissertation submitted for the degree of master of science management of natural resources, university of agriculture,
Morogoro, Tanzania.
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Burchell, HeterobranchusbidorsalsGeoffery and Heteroclarias) reared on Moniadubia in comparison with other first feed
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Macrobrachiumroenbergi (De Man) post larva. Aquaculture, 109: 37-49.
[5]. Balakrishna, D., Reddy, T.R., Reddy, K.V. and Samatha,D. (2013). Physico-chemical parameters and plankton diversity of
Ghanpur Lake, Warangal, A.P. India. International Journal of Zoology Research 3(1): 44 - 48.

Abstract: Soils from the vicinity of the Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi, Nigeria, were obtained and subjected to different laboratory analyses to obtain the soil class and the permeability coefficients. The constant head permeameter was employed in the analysis of the various soil samples in order to estimate the permeability coefficients. Results obtained showed that sandy soils in the area have an average permeability coefficient of 0.372cm/sec, sandy loam soils have 0.0078cm/sec and loamy sand soils 0.095cm/sec. Since crops' consumptive use rate and available moisture content heavily depend on soils permeability, it is recommended that the design of irrigation systems in this part of the country should take a careful consideration of the permeability and particle size analysis of soils for an effective performance of the irrigation systems.

Keywords: Permeability, Coefficient of Permeability, Laminar flow, Turbulent flow, Permeameter

[1]. Blake, L. S. (1989):' Civil Engineer's Reference Book ' Butterworth & Co. Publishers Ltd, 4th Ed, U.K
[2]. Bowles, J. E. (1978): 'Engineering Properties of Soils and their Measurements' MC Graw – Hill Book Company, U.S.A.
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[5]. Ekanem, E.O, Ushie, O.A, Nneji, P.A. and Ntui, N.T. (2013). Effect of pH on Recoveries of Commonly Used Organochlorine Herbicides from Soil in Bauchi State, Nigeria. International Journal of Modern Analytical and Separation Sciences, 2(2),71-79

Abstract: While the primary aim of pest control in agriculture is to improve crop yield for the ever increasing world population, their residue often have other effects on the plant. This study was conducted to determine the effects of pesticide residues on the proximate composition of some vegetables. The vegetables:Lactuca sativa L, Amaranthus hybridus L., and Solanum lycopersicum L. were sprayed with pesticides. The pesticides: Benlate, Mencozeb and Milzeb were applied into the vegetables at 5,50 and 100mg/ml. The effects of pesticides on the nutritional content of the selected vegetables were observed. The results obtained showed thatthere was significant differences (P>0.05) in nutritional content between plant sprayed with pesticides and the control. Control has the highest percentage of nutrients with 0.47 and (5mg/ml) recorded the least (0.28) for nitrogen content.

[1]. Allen, D.J, Nebane, C.N. and Rai B. (1981). Screening for residence to bacteria blight in cowpea. Tropical pest management 27:218-224
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Abstract: Solar energy can be utilized in different ways to meet various energy requirements. A parabolic dish collector is a device designed to collect solar energy from sunlight. This paper presents the outcomes of a project conducted at BMS College of Engineering. The principal aim of the project is to concentrate solar energy received from sunlight, on a parabolic dish convertor, to a receiver arrangement. The dish surface is made highly reflective which ensures effective concentration of energy to the receiver. Most of the power generated currently is from fossil fuels which also have the side effect of polluting the atmosphere. Fossil fuel reserves in the world are also depleting at a rapid rate. In order to make the development of our civilization...........

[1]. "SOLAR ENERGY COLLECTED USING PARABOLIC ARRANGEMENTS", B.E. PROJECT REPORT, BMS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, MAY 2015, N.SESHA MANJUNATH P . et al.

Abstract: This studyfocused on the effect of pre-treatments on the nutritional and sensory quality of vegetablemilkproducedlocaallyfromtiger-nuttubers. Milk extractswereobtainedfromfreshtubers (Sample A), sproutedtubers (Sample B) roastedtubers (sample C) whileSample D was made fromtubersthatsproutedbeforeroasting. Sampleswereanalyzed for proximate, macronutrients (mineral), vitamin C composition and sensoryproperties. Result of proximate composition indicatedthattherewas a significant(P<0.05) difference in moisture, lipid, carbohydrate, protein and ash content. There was no significant(P<0.05) difference amongsamples B and C in terms of ash content. Also, therewas no significant(P<0.05) difference in samples A, B, and D except for sample C in fibre content. Lipid content of sample D wasrelativelyhigher (P<0.05)than the othermilksamples. However, in terms of caloric value, sample D was significantly(P<0.05)..........

Keywords: Tiger-nut, milk, sprouting, fermentation, tuber and roasting

[1]. Anon (2005). What is Milk? Dairy Farmers of Washington: http://www.havemilk.com/article.asp?id=5805 (Accessed 16th March, 2019).
[2]. B. Hajirostamloo Comparison of Nutritional and Chemical Parameters of Soymilk and Cow Milk. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology.57, 2009,436-439.
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[5]. J.A. Adejuyitan. Tigernut Processing: Its Food Uses and Health Benefits. American Journal of Food Technology 6(3), 2011, 197-201.

Abstract: Introduction: The Public health implications of continuous ethnomedical use of some plant species encountered at Enyigba lead-zinc mining community, Ebonyi State, Nigeria were examined. Methodology: Plant species growing around the mining site were identified by a Botanical Taxonomist. Well structured questionnaires designed to reflect demography, the prevalent diseases among the inhabitants of the community and some common plants used in the management of the diseases were administered. Available literature on the heavy metal contents of soil and plants in the study area and its neighbourhood was searched. Results: One hundred and...........

Keywords: Public health, Anthropogenic pollution, Environmental degradation

[1]. Ministry of Mine and Steel Development (MMSD). Federal Government of Nigeria official reports on mineral deposits, Federal Secteriate, Abuja, Nigeria (2010).
[2]. Edeogu CO, Ekuma CE, Okaka ANC, Ezeonu FC, Uneke CJ and Elom SO. Public Health Significance of Metals Concentration in Soils, Water and Staple Foods in Abakaliki South Eastern Nigeria; Trends in Applied Sciences Research 2 (2007): 439-444.
[3]. Aloh, OB. Assessment of Environmental Impact of Lead-Zinc Mining in Abakaliki Pb-Zn Mining Area (Ameka, Ameri and Enyigba); Ph.D Thesis, Dept. of Geography and Meteorology, Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUST), Enugu, Nigeria (2014).
[4]. Otuu FC, Shu EN, Aloh O. Environmental Pollution and Food Quality - Impact of Lead-Zinc Mining on Four Staple Foods. ISBN 978-613-9-83461-7; Lambert Academic Publishing, Brivitbas gatve, Lv-103 9 Riga, Latvia (2018).
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Abstract: This study presents the results of chemical and physical determinations carried out on samples taken from the waters of the Pery River, one of the tributaries of the Guaraguaçu River. This body of water is located on the coast of Paraná, nearby the "Dumping Ground" of the city of Pontal do Paraná. The concentrations of phosphate and nitrogenous nutrients present at the site were determined, as well as other physico-chemical characteristics such as pH, turbidity and dissolved solid residue. The methodology used for the quantification of phosphorus was molybdenum blue. Yet, for the quantification of the nitrogen in the form of the ammonium ion, the indophenol blue method was used. For.......

Keywords: Potentiometry, gravimetry, spectrophotometry, anthropic contamination

[1]. BAIRD, C. Química Ambiental. 2ª Edição. Bookman: Porto Alegre, p. 622, 2008.
[2]. BRANCO, S. M. Hidrobiologia Aplicada à Engenharia Sanitária. 3. ed. São Paulo: CETESB/ ASCETESB, p. 640, 1986.
[3]. BRASIL, Resolução CONAMA n° 357, de 17 de março de 2005 - Dispõe sobre a classificação dos corpos de água e diretrizes ambientais para o seu enquadramento, bem como estabelece as condições e padrões de lançamento de efluentes, e dá outras providências. Diário Oficial da União de 18/03/2005, Executivo.
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Abstract: The present study assessed the chemical and sensory characteristics of yellow gari as affected by the stage at which crude palm oil was added to cassava. Two yellow gari samples were studied: one from cassava mash in which palm oil was added prior to fermentation (POF), and the other from cassava in which palm oil was added at the garifying (roasting) stage (GPO). Both samples were subjected to evaluation of chemical and sensory characteristics. White gari from cassava with no added palm oil was also subjected to analyses, and served as the control. Findings from this work indicate that POF and GPO recorded higher values of protein (3.74 and 3.44% respectively) than the control (2.18%); higher values of fat (1.25 and 3.40% respectively vs. the 0.20% for the control..........

Keywords: Cassava; Crude palm oil; Fermentation; Garifying; Gari.

[1]. Julie, A.M., Christopher, R.D. and Sherry A.T. (2009). Nutritional value of cassava for use as a staple food and recent advances for improvement. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 8:155-303.
[2]. Stephen, C., Ekalko, M.U., Ukpabi, E.O. and Chukwu, H.C. (2015). Assessment of cyanide content in white, light yellow, and deep yellow gari flour produced from cassava (Manihot esculenta crantz) in four LGA of Abia state, Nigeria. Standard Research Journal of Microbiological Sciences, 2(2):31-36.
[3]. Odoemelam, S.A. (2005).Studies on residual hydrocyanic acid (HCH) in gari flour made from cassava (manihot spp.). Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 4(6):376-378.
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[5]. Nwafor E., Akpomie, O.O., and Erijo, P.E. (2015). Effect of fermentation time on the physicochemical, nutritional and sensory quality of cassava chips (Kpo-kpo gari) a traditional Nigerian food. American Journal of BioScience, 3(2):59-63...

Abstract: Water samples were collected from three different locations each for both the Ogbe Ijoh (OG) and Aladja (AL) Rivers both of Delta State Nigeria and were designated OG1-OG3 and AL1-AL3 respectively. The samples were analysed for some physicochemical and microbiological parameters using standard methods. The results obtained were compared with Standard Organization of Nigeria (SON) and WHO standards for drinking and recreational water. The results showed pH (6.68-6.87 and 6.4-6.6), Temperature range (28 - 28.4°C and 32.7 - 33.1°C), Conductivity (98.4 - 107.8 μS/cm and 283-415 μS/cm), Total Dissolved Solids (260 - 290 mg/L and 201- 297 mg/L), Turbidity (28 - 28.4 NTU and 20.42 - 22.34 NTU), Dissolved Oxygen (4.0 - 5.67 mg/l and 5.8 - 5.9 mg/l), Biological Oxygen.........

Keywords: Aladja River, Ogbe Ijoh River, microbiological analysis, physicochemical analysis

[1]. Bhati. Physiochemical characteristic of river, steam, well and borehole water source in Eggon, Nasarawa state, Nigeria" Journal chemical society of Nigeria. 2009, 36(1):131-136.
[2]. Halder, J.N.; Islam. M.N. Water pollution and its impact on the human health. Journal of environment and human. 2015, 2(1):36-46.
[3]. Ullah, S.; Javed, M.W; Shafique, M, et al. An integrated approach for quality assessment of drinking water using GIS: A case study of Lower Dir. Journal of Himalayan Earth Sciences. 2014, 47(2):163-74.
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[5]. Aremu, M.O; Sangari, D.U; Musa, B.Z; Chaanda, M,S. Assessment of ground water and stream water quality for trace metals and physicochemical contaminations in Toto local government area of Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Intl J Chemical Sci. 2008, 1(1):8-19...

Abstract: Poor household waste management practices have been found to contribute immensely to rapid environmental degradation. This study assessed the level of public participation in household waste management in Awka metropolis of Anambra state, Nigeria with a view to develop a sustainable framework for public participation in waste management. It assessed the compliance levels of different sizes of households and some distinct groups of the population in waste management. Factors inhibiting the performance of the identified roles of the public were determined, while mitigation strategies were proposed in the framework for sustainable household waste........

Keywords: Household, Waste Management, Public Participation, Environmental Degradation, Sustainable Framework

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[5]. Eugene, A., Gunter, B & Lilian, N., (2013) The Evolving Role of Women in Sustainable Waste Management in Developing Countries- A Proactive Perspective. International Conference on Integrated Waste Management and Green Energy Engineering. pp 289-291.