IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-15 ~ Issue-5 ~ May 2021

Abstract: Background: Water river evaluation to describe the level of pollution is important. The Asam-Asam River is one of the important ecosystem to support human living in South Kalimantan. The objectives of the research is to identify the macrozoobenthos of Asam-Asam river and describes the human activity along Asam-Asam River as an important aspect in determining the macrozoobenthos diversity as water bioindicator Materials and Methods: Field survey was done at Asam-Asam River ecosystem in South Kalimantan. Specimen of macrozoobenthos were taken from five sampling sites along Asam-Asam River. In each sampling sites, macrozoobenthos were sampled using Surber net having a mesh size of 250 μm.....

Keywords: water pollution, river disturbance, river bioindicator.

[1]. Vörösmarty, CJ., McIntyre, PB, Gessner, MO, Dudgeon, D., Prusevich, A., Green, P. Davies, PM. Global threats to human water security and river biodiversity. Nature, 2010; (7315): 467-555. [2]. MacKinnon, K., Hatta, G., Mangalik,A., Halim, H. The ecology of Kalimantan (Oxford University Press, 1996. [3]. Rahu, AA., Hidayat, K., Ariyadi M., Hakim, L.. Ethnoecology of Kaleka: Dayak's agroforestry in Kapuas, Central Kalimantan Indonesia. Research Journal of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences 2013. [4]. Susilowati, E., Peranan jaringan sungai sebagai jalur perdagangan di kalimantan selatan pada paroh kedua abad XIX. Citra Lekha, 2011; (1), 1-8. [5]. Normelani, E., River, Culture and Tourism in Lok Baintan, South Kalimantan. Journal of Indonesian Tourism and Development Studies, 2016; 4(2), 57-62.

Abstract: Aflatoxin contamination in wheat is greatly affected by storage conditions. Wheat, which is a staple food in Rajasthan, is readily contaminated by this toxin if stored in a hot and humid environment. This work is a preliminary and basic study that strives to analyze the impact of various storage conditions on aflatoxin levels in wheat flour samples with reference to the climate of Jaipur (Rajasthan). A local survey was conducted to know the prevalent storage practices. Flour samples were then stored in different ways (as revealed in the survey) for 30 days and the level of the aflatoxin was measured in each sample at different time points by ELISA tests. Results of the study indicated that aflatoxin contamination increases with time in open containers under ambient temperature and humidity conditions. However, further studies are required with a higher number of samples to obtain a statistically significant result.

Keywords: Mycotoxins, Aflatoxins, Wheat flour, Aspergillus

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[4]. Toteja GS, Mukherjee A, Diwakar S, Singh P, Saxena BN, Sinha KK, et al. Aflatoxin B 1 contamination in wheat grain samplescollected from different geographical regions of India: A multicenter study. J Food Prot. 2006;69(6):1463–7.
[5]. Trombete F, Moraes D, Porto Y, Santos T, Direito G, Fraga M, et al. Determination of Aflatoxins in Wheat and Wheat by-products Intended for Human Consumption, Marketed in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. J Food Nutr Res. 2014;2:671–4.

Abstract: Micro-organisms constitute a major cause of post-harvest food losses. Microbial resistance to antibiotics and antibiotic sensitivity has led to the search for natural alternatives. Inhibitory activity of Moringa (Moringa oleifera) seed extracts were examined to determine their effect on diameter of inhibitory zone of various micro-organisms such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus. Five (5) treatments of both water and ethanol extracts A= control, B= 25g + 200ml, C= 50g + 200ml, D= 75g + 200ml, and E= 100g + 200ml were tested against the organisms.......

Keywords: Antimicrobial agents, Moringa seed extracts, Food pathogens

[1]. Broin, M., Santaella, C., Cuine, S., Kokou, K., Peltier, G. and Joet, T. (2002): Flocculent activity of a recombinant protein from Moringa oleifera Lam. Seeds. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 60:114 – 119.
[2]. Chelliah R, Ramakrishnan S, and Anthony U. (2017). Nutritional quality of Moringa oleifera for its bioactivity and antibacterial properties. International Food Science Journal . 24(2): 823 – 833
[3]. Darnton, N. C, Turner, L., Rojevsky, S., and Berg H. C., 2007. "On torque and tumbling in swimming Escherichia coli", Journal Bacteriology, 189(5):1756-1764.
[4]. Elkhalifa, A., Ahmed, S.A.A. and Adam, S., 2007. Nutritional evaluation of Moringa oleifera leaves and extract. Ahfad Journal. 24, 113-22.
[5]. Fahey, J.W., 2005. Moringa oleifera: A Review of the Medical Evidence for Its Nutritional, Therapeutic, and Prophylactic Properties. Part 1. Phytochemistry, 47: 123,157.

Abstract: This research was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of banana peels on bioremediation of diesel-contaminated soil. Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH), Microbial Count, pH, Electrical Conductivity(EC), Total Organic Carbon (TOC) were investigated on the diesel-contaminated soil and the amended soil samples for a period of 42-days. The pH and (EC) were determined using the pH meter, while the TPH was determined by Improved Gravimetric Method. The TOC was determined by Loss on Ignition Method, while the Microbial Count was determined by Dilution and Plating Techniques. At the end of the study, the result showed that the initial pH of the soil sample which was 7.15 increased in alkalinity to 8.41, 8.47, 9.02 and 9.44 for samples A (Neutral soil), B (contaminated soil), C (soil amended with dry biostimulant) and D (soil amended with wet biostimulant) respectively; EC increased from 27.2mV.......

Keywords: Bioremediation, Biostimulation, Banana peels, Organic carbon sources, microbial growth

[1]. Nwogu, T. P., Azubuike, C. C., Ogugbue, C. J. (2015): Enhanced bioremediation of soil artificially contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbon after amendment with Capra aegagrushircus (goat) manure. International journal of biotechnology research. Pp 1-7
[2]. Adams, F. V., Agboola, B. O., Awode, M. F., (2018): Effectiveness of Sorghum husk and Chicken manure in bioremediation of crude oil contaminated soil. Pp 1-16
[3]. Njoku, K. I., Akinbola, M. O., Oboh, B. O. (2012): Phytoremediation of crude oil polluted soil: Effect of cow dung augmentation on the remediation of crude oil polluted soil by Glycine max. Journal of Applied Science and Research. Pp 277-281
[4]. Hatzikiseyian, A. (2017): Principles of bioremediation processes. Trends in bioremediation and phytoremediation. Pg 23
[5]. Abioye, O. P., Abdul A. R., Agamutha, P. (2012): Biodegradation of used lubricating oil by microbes isolated from pristine soil environment. Journal of science. Pp 1-7

Abstract: Background: Formaldehyde is an important chemical used in fish farming tanks for the control of parasites in fish. The main problem is that extensive use can lead to the dumping of the substance in the waters of rivers. In this context, it is extremely important to monitor this substance in the waters of fish-growing tanks. This work seeks to quantify the formaldehyde content in fish farm waters in the city of Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. Materials and Methods: The emission spectra and excitation-emission matrix were obtained with spectrofluorometer (Cary Eclipse, Varian Inc.) equipped with a quartz bucket with four polished faces. In this work, the formaldehyde was reacted with Fluoral-P producing 3,5-diacetyl-1,4-dihydrolutidine. The fluorophore produced was.......

Keywords: Monitoring; Toxicity; Analytical procedure; Surface water; Carcinogenicity

[1]. ORGANIZATION, A. State of the World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2014. [S.l.]: Food & Agriculture Org, 2020.
[2]. LEAL, J. F. et al. Use of formalin in intensive aquaculture: properties, application and effects on fish and water quality. Reviews in Aquaculture, v. 10, p. 281–295, Jun. 2016.
[3]. CENGIZLER, İ.; AYTAÇ, N.; ALDIK, R.U. H.Y. Biocide use and its potential risks in aquaculture in Turkey. Eastern Anatolian Journal of Science, v. 3, p. 1–5, 2017.
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[5]. DA SILVA, A. L. et al. Use of sodium chloride, formalin and the association of these products in the control of ectoparasites in Tilapia larvae (Oreochromis niloticus). Bulletin of the Fisheries Institute, v. 35, p. 597-608, 2018.

Abstract: Combustion is a dominant feature of converting biomass fuel to energy associated with gas emission which can influenceseriously on the environment. In general,the basic elements of biomass such as nitrogen and sulphurrepresent the source of these gases, therefore the amount of these elements in biomass allow us to predict the type and the quantity of these emissions that likely produced during combustion. The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between heating value with the nitrogen and sulphur proportion in solid biomass in view of their potential negative effects on the environment. A total of 154 of biomass samples together with their heating value were collected from the open literature. Pearson correlation were applied to examine the correlation between.....

Keywords: Pollutant elements, Solid biomass, Combustion, Heating value, Basic elements

[1]. Acar, Sukru, Abdulkadir Ayanoglu.: "Determination of higher heating values (HHVs) of biomass fuels. Energy Education Science and Technology Part A." Energy Science and Research, published (2012).
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[3]. Clarke, S., P.Eng., and F. Preto.: "Biomass Burn Characteristics." ORDER NO. 11-033, published (2011)
[4]. Demirbas, Ayhan.: "Relationships Between Heating Value and Lignin, Moisture, Ash and Extractive Contents of Biomass Fuels." EN ERGY EXPLORATION & EXPLOITATION, published (2002).
[5]. Deák, Zsuzsanna, ÁrpádFerencz.: "Financial Feasibility of Short Rotation Energy Crops in Hungary: A case Study." Pallas Athene University, Kecskemét, Hungary. Published 20 June 2017 p. 42. (2017).

Abstract: The nutrient compositions, amino acid profiles and sensory studies of ready-to-eat confectionery products supplemented with African pear (Dacryodes edulis) seeds were investigated. The large African pear fruits were cleaned, sorted and split open. The seeds were extracted, dried, size-reduced and sieved to obtain fine powder. White flour was blended with the powder in the ratios; 95:5, 90:10, 85:15 and 100:0 which served as the control. Distinct measures of composite flour were respectively mixed with other ingredients and processed separately to produce bread.......

Keywords: African pear seed, proximate composition, essential amino acids, bakery products

[1]. Lata, D. Confectionery. A Newsletter of The Biosafety Authority Fiji. 2015. pp. 1 - 15.
[2]. Dorn, G. A., Savenkova, T. V., Sidorova, O. S. and Golub, O. V. Food Hygiene: Confectionery goods for healthy diet. Foods and Raw Materials 2015; 3 (1): 70 – 76.
[3]. Mudambi, S. R. and Rajagopal, M. V. Fats and other Lipids. In: Fundamentals of Foods, Nutrition and Diet Therapy, 5th Edition. New Age International Publishers Ltd, New Delhi, 2007. pp. 46 – 57.
[4]. Nwanekezi, E. C. and Onyeagba,, R. A. Effect of spoilage microorganisms on the physicochemical properties of African pear fruits oil. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment 2007; 5 (3 & 4): 90 – 93.
[5]. Adedokun, I. I. and Onuegbu, N. C. The physical properties of pulp and chemical characteristics of edible oil extracted from the pulp of edible oil extracted from the pulp of African pear (Dacryodes edulis). Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 2011; 10 (6): 558 - 560.

Abstract: The synthesis of edible film from taro starch has been studied as a strategy for the manufacture of biodegradable food packaging. This study aims to examine the effect of the starch: chitosan ratio and glycerol concentration on the characteristics of the edible film and to obtain an edible film in accordance with the Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS). The research included two steps, the first stage of making taro starch (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) and the second stage of making edible films with variations of chitosan starch (2: 0, 1,8: 0.2, 1). , 6: 0.4, 1, 4: 0.6, and 1.8: 0.2) and glycerol variations (1; 1.5; 2; 2.5 and 3%). The edible film that fulfills JIS is found in starch concentration: chitosan 1,2: 0.8 with glycerol concentration 2.5% has a thickness of 0.25 mm, tensile strength 0.454 MPa, elongation 71.70%, young modulus 0.216 MPa, solubility in water 64.104%, and biodegradation 86.83%. The IR spectrum edible film shows the presence of OH- and ester (COOH) groups which characterize hydrophilic properties

Key Words: Chitosan; Edible film; Glyserol; Starch

[1]. Aghazadeh M., Karim R., Abdul Rahman R., Sultan M.T., Paykary M., Johnson S. 2018. Effect of glycerol on the physicochemical properties of cereal starch films. Czech J. Food Sci., 36: 403-409.
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[3]. Coniwati, P., Laila,L., & Alfira M. R., 2014. Making Biodegradable Plastic Films from Corn Starch with the Addition of Chitosan and Glycerol Plasticizers. Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol. 20, No. 4.
[4]. Darni, Y. and H. Utami. 2010. Study of Making and Characteristics of Mechanical Properties and Hydrophobicity of Bioplastics from Sorghum Starch. Journal of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, 7 (4): 88–93.

Abstract: African breadfruit and Moringa seeds were both processed into flour. Composite blends of wheat, African breadfruit and Moringa flour were formulated in the following ratios(A= WHF 100%:ABF 0: MSF 0; B=WHF 77.5: ABF 20%:MSF2.5%; C=WHF 75%: ABF 20%:MSF 5%; D=WHF 72.5%:ABF 20%:MSF 7.5%; E= WHF 70%: ABF 20%: MSF 10%; F=WHF 90%:ABF 0: MSF 10%; G= WHF 80%: ABF 20%: MSF 0
The flour were evaluated for their pasting such as peak, Trough, breakdown viscosity, setback viscosity, pasting time and pasting temperature and functional properties examined were water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, Solubility......

Keywords: shelf life, biscuits, pasting properties, functional properties, African breadfruit flour

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[3]. Agu H.O, Paul A. M, Ayo J.A, and Folorunsho F, (2007). Quality characteristics of biscuits made from wheat and African breadfruit seeds. Nigerian Food Journal, 25 (2): 12 – 19.
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[5]. Augusto P, Falguera V, Cristianini M, and Ibarz A. (2012). Rheological behaviour of tomatoe juice: steady state shear and time dependent modelling. Food bioprocess Technology 5(5):1715 – 1723.