IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-15 ~ Issue-7 ~ July 2021

Abstract: The study investigated the potentials of organic chelates used in enhancing micro nutrients in cassava to increase the starch content in cassava Root. The study used EDTA as standard chelate, Bontera as a commercial organic chelate and periwinkle effluents (PE) and Smoke Solution (SS) as local organic chelates. The cultivars used were TME419 and TMS3168/UMUCASS/36 also known as YELLOW ROOT (YR). One hundred (100ml) of 100μg of zinc obtained from zinc oxide and 100μg of iodine obtained from potassium iodide were added separately and combined to 5000ml each of deionized water, 1ml/L Bontera, 1ml/L EDTA, Periwinkle effluents and.......

Key words: Starch content, Cassava, Chelates, Organic

[1]. Cardoso, P.A., Mirione, E., Ernesto, M., Massaza, F., Cliff, J., Haque, M.R and Bradbury, J.H (2005). Processing of Cassava roots to remove Cyanogens. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 18, 451 – 460
[2]. Elliott, B (2017). Cassava: Benefits and Dangers. Healthline Media a Red ventures Company. Retrieved 20thOctober, 2019.
[3]. Fuentes-Zaragoza, E, Sanchez-Zapata, E, Sendra, E, Navarro, C, Fernandez-Loez,J, Pere-Alvarez, A (2011). Resistant starch as a prebiotic: A Review, Starch – Starke, 63 (7), 406 – 415.
[4]. Ikuli, J. M and Akonye, LA (2019). Microbial Soil Enhancer: The Panecea to Land as a limiting Resource in Agricultural Productivity. Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences 9 (1), 65 – 75.
[5]. Ogbo, FC and Okafor,EN (2015).The Resistant Starch content of some cassava based Nigerian foods. Nigeria Food Journal. 33 (1), 29 – 34.

Abstract: Meat is consumed as source of protein, processed cattle hide popularly known as Kanda in southeastern Nigeria is consumed as a substitute for meat. The commercial method of processing this very food delicacy through singeing with scrap tyre, or firewood has posed question marks over the contamination status of the Kanda. This study therefore investigated the heavy metal, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) content, proximate composition, and also calculated the derivable metabolic water and energy content of Kanda singed with scrap tyre, and firewood. Singeing significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the moisture, ash, fibre and carbohydrate contents of the hide while it increased the protein content; increased (p < 0.05) the iron (Fe) concentration of the hide though the concentration of iron detected was far below the average lethal dose allowed in meat and meat products and elevated (p < 0.05......

Keywords: Singeing, kanda, scrap-tyre, firewood, heavy-metal, PAHs

[1]. Adepoju, O. T., Onasanya, L. O., Udoh, C. H. (2006). Comparative Studies of Nutrient Composition of Cocoyam (Colocassiaesculenta) Leaf with some Green Leafy Vegetables .Nigerian Journal of Nutritional Science27: 40 – 43.
[2]. Aigberua, A., Tarawou, T. (2017).Assesment of Heavy Metals in Muscle of Tilapia Zilli from some Nun River Estuaries in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria.Academic Journal of Chemistry2(9): 96 -101.
[3]. Akpambang, V. O. E., Purcaro, G., Lajide, L., Amoo, I. A., Conte, L. S., and Moret, S. (2009). Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in commonly consumed Nigerian smoked/grilled fish and meat. Food Additives and Contaminants26(07): 1096-1103.
[4]. Akwetey, W. Y., Eremong, D. C., and Donkoh, A. (2013). Chemical and Nutrient Composition of Cattle Hide ("Welle") Using Different Processing Methods. Journal of Animal Science & Advancement3(4): 176-180.
[5]. Amadi, B. A., Agomuo, E. N., and Ibegbulem C. O. (2004).Research Methods in Biochemistry.Supreme Publishers, Owerri Pp. 94-98.

Abstract: Background: Millet is the main food crop in Niger. It is subject to many constraints, including pearl millet downy mildew. It is a disease that causes significant loss of production. Most of the resistant varieties created do not have stable resistance from one place to another. To have more information about this resistance loss, a study was carried out in 2015 in five regions of Niger. Its objective consists on the one hand to assess the level of infestation of the pearl millet downy mildew disease in farmers' fields and on the other hand to make a morphological characterization of the isolates of Sclerospora graminicola that will be collected. Materials and Methods: The isolate collection sites are concentrated in the southern band of Niger. The equipment used is composed of a GPS, an microscope with.....

[1]. D.M. Gwary, I. Garba, S.D. Gwary, "Evidence of Pathogenic Variation in Sclerospora graminicola Populations from Pearl Millet Regions of Nigeria", Int. J. Agri. Biol., Vol. 9, No., pp.94-97, 12007.
[2]. V.P. Rao, D.L. Kadwani, Y.K. Sharma, R. Sharma, R.P. Thakur, "Prevalence of Pearl millet Downy Mildew, Sclerospora graminicola in Gujarat and Pathogenic Characterization of isolates", Indian Journal of Protection, Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 291-295, 2007.
[3]. D.J. Andrews, S.B. King, J.R. Witcombe, S.D. Singh, K.N. Rai, R.P. Thakur, B.S. Talukdar, S.B. Chavan, P. Singh, "Breeding for disease resistance and yield in pearl millet", Field Crops Res, Vol. 11, pp. 241-258, 1985.
[4]. D. Singh,S.B. King,J. Werder, Downy mildew disease of pearl millet. Information Bulletin no.37. Patancheru, A.P. 502 324, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, 36p,1993
[5]. J. Sudisha, K.S. Ananda, S.H. Shekar, "Characterization of downy mildew isolates of Sclerospora graminicola by using differential cultivars and molecular markers",Journal of Cell and Molecular Biology, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 41-55, 2008

Abstract: Background: Pathogenic contamination of groundwater, due to poor sanitation, has continuously posed a significant health risk to human health. Kamkuywa market center, a peri-urban settlement, relies heavily on shallow wells for water supply and use of pit latrines as a mean of waste disposal, hence risking groundwater microbial contamination. This study used GIS-based risk mapping to establish the extent of groundwater pollution by coliforms and determine the relationship between selected risk factors, namely: depth to the water table, distance from a shallow well to the nearest pit latrine, pit latrine depth, soil permeability and ground slope for purposes of establishing.....

Keywords: Contamination; Fecal coliforms; Groundwater; Kamkuywa; Regression; Safe distance

[1]. Hoekstra, A. Y., and M. M. Mekonnen.( 2012). The water footprint of humanity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109 (9): 3232–3237. doi:10.1073/pnas.1109936109
[2]. World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) (2008).Progress on Drinking Water and Sanitation: 2008 Update. New York: United Nations Children's Fund; Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization
[3]. World Health Organization (WHO) (2010).Progress on Sanitation and Drinking Water
[4]. Bain S,; Gundry SW,;Wright JA,; Yang H,;Pedley S,; Bartram JK (2014). Global assessment of exposure to fecal contamination through drinking water based on a systematic Review: Water Institute, University of North Carolina
[5]. Murphy GA,;Gathara D, Aluvaala J, et al.(2017).Effective coverage of essential inpatient care for small and sick newborns in a high mortality study in Kenya

Abstract: The length-weight relationship and condition factor of target species were determined in mid-Cross River basin, South-Eastern Nigeria. These target species are known for their nutritional and economical values. These species are readily available and affordable for the common poor and vulnerable (aged, women and children) in the society who require these renewable natural resources as a vital, rich and cheap source of alternative animal protein. A total of 465 fish sampleswere analyzed. Data were collected monthly over a period six months. The length-weight relationship and condition factors were determined by mathematical and statistical method in FISAT.......

Keywords: length-weight relationship and condition factor, Chrysichthysnigrodigitatus, Heterobranchusbidorsalis, Clariasgariepinus.

[1]. Famoofo OO, AbdulWO. Biometry, condition factors and length-weight relationships of sixteen fish species in Iwopin fresh-water ecotype of Lekki Lagoon, Ogun State, Southwest Nigeria. Heliyon. 2020; 6(1): e02957.
[2]. Anyanwu DC, Mkpado M, Ohaka CC. Economic Analysis of Artisanal Fishing at River Niger Onitsha, Anambra State, Nigeria. Agro-Science Journal of Tropical Agriculture, Food, Environment and Extension.(2009);8: 175-179.
[3]. Adewumi MO, Ayinde OE, Adenuga AH, Zacchaeus ST. The Profitability Analysis of Artisanal Fishing in Asa River of Kwara State, Nigeria.International Journal of Development and Sustainability.2012;1(3):932-938.
[4]. NazekJisrGhassanYounesCarolSukhnMohammad H.El-Dakdouki.Length-weight relationships and relative condition factor of fish inhabiting the marine area of the Eastern Mediterranean city, Tripoli-Lebanon. The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research. 2018; 44(4): 299-305.
[5]. Uneke B. I.(2018). Stock Assessment of Chrysichthysnigrodigitatus in the Mid Cross River Flood System, South Eastern Nigeria: Implications for Fishery Management and PolicyAmerican Journal of Environmental Policy and Management 4(1): 32-39

Abstract: Levels of organophosphate pesticide residues (OPPs) in sediment, water and fish in Benue River at Loko Nasarawa State, Nigeria were evaluated for possible pollution of the aquatic ecosystem. Water and sediment samples were collected were collected at from the river at 3 locations. Fish caught in the river were bought from fishermen at the bank of the river. Liquid-liquid extractions of samples were carried out, and then quantified using gas chromatography coupled electron caption detector (GC-ECD). Concentrations of OPPs ranged from 0.09±0.04 to 1.84±0.02, 0.04±0.03 to 1.79±0.01 and 0.01 to 1.81 μɡ/kɡ in sediment, water and fish respectively. Concentrations of dichlorovos was the highest in the samples; with the highest and lowest levels also recorded in sediment (1.84±0.02).....

Keywords: Accumulation, Organophosphate, Pesticides, Aquatic environment

[1]. Jeyakumar, T., Kalaiarasi, I., Rajave,l A.L., Anbu, M & Kumar, R. (2014). Levels of organochlorine pesticide residues in water and sediment from selected agricultural sectors of Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India. International Journal of Environmental Research, 8(2), 493–500.
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Abstract: In this study, functional properties of cellulose produced from cassava and plantain peels were compared with those of commercial cellulose. The Cassava Peel Powder (CPP) and the plantain peel powder (PPP) were defatted with 90% ethanol for 16hrs, with intermittent shaking using mechanical shaker at a speed of 150rpm. Each defatted PP was dried in a hot air oven at 80°c for 7hrs. The defatted CPP and PPP were deproteinated by soaking in 1 Mol of NaOH solution in the ratio of 1:10w/v. (100g PP/1000ml) at a pH of 11.6 for 24hrs. The defatted -deproteinated CPP and PPP were soaked in 15% Hydrogen Peroxide for 3hrs to produce cassava peel cellulose (CPC) and plantain.......

Keywords: Cellulose, agricultural wastes, cassava peel powder, plantain peel powder, functional properties

[1]. Aro, S.O, Aletor, V.A, Tewe, O.O; Agbede, J.O(2010). Nutritional potentials of cassava tuber wastes: A case study of a cassava starch processing factory in south-western Nigeria. Livest.Res.Rural Dev.22(11).
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Abstract: Background: Phytosociology describe species population dynamics and their relationship to other species. This study aimed at determine phytosocial diversity and distribution of herbaceous species. Materials and Methods: Herbaceous species were determined in randomly selected 400 quadrats (1m×1m) by identifying, analyzing frequency and evaluation species diversity using various indices. Results: A total of 4372 herbaceous species belonging to 44 genera were distributed in 18 families. Fabaceae recorded the highest species occurrence (13.3%), followed by Poaceae and Amaranthaceae each with 11.1%, while the rare species were found under Asteraceae, Cucurbiataceae.......

Keywords: Phytosocial, Herbaceous, Distribution, Species, Diversity, Composition

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Abstract: Air pollution is a huge problem in the modern, industrialized world because of the devastating toxicological effects it has on people and the planet. Air pollution comes from a variety of sources, the most significant of which being motor vehicles and industrial processes. Particle pollution, ground-level ozone, carbon monoxide, sulphur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and lead are the six primary air pollutants listed by the World Health Organization. Different toxicological effects, including as respiratory and cardiovascular disorders, eye irritation, skin diseases, and long-term chronic diseases like cancer, are seen in humans after short and long-term exposure to air dispersed toxicants The purpose of this literature review was to examine the key contributors to air pollution and the effects that this pollution has on human health.

Keywords: Air pollution, environment, human health, respiratory tract diseases

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