IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-16 ~ Issue-12 ~ Dec. 2022

Abstract: Currently, protecting the environment and human health from the harmful effects of waste in the atmosphere has become one of the most pressing problems of mankind on a global scale. Among these wastes, the processing of gaseous methane is one of the main tasks of the future due to its numerous properties and wide use, since methane is a strong greenhouse gas. Most of the emissions fall on methane from the oil and gas industry, waste processing and agriculture. Although at present, much attention is paid to CO2 emissions, and the concentration of methane is much higher than that of other organic compounds [1]. Global methane emissions into the atmosphere in 2017 increased by nine percent compared to the period 2000-2006 and amounted to 596 million......

Key Words: atmospheric pollution; methane; environment; "Greenhouse effect; components of the mixture; Ozone layer protection

[1]. 21st session of the Conference of the Parties (COP21) of the Framework Convention, (2019), Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
[2]. R B Jackson et al. (2020), Environmental Research Letters 26th Conference of the Parties (COP26), Glasgow Climate Pact November 13, 2021, Italy. Page 15
[3]. Mustafaev I.I., Mamedova S.M., Mahmudov O.M., (1995), Photochemical conversions of methane, hydrogen-sulfide and sulfhur –dioxid in air atmosphere. Proceedings of the First Trabzon International Energy and environmental Symposium, ECOS-95, Istanbul, Turkey, jule11-15,v.2, pp.531-534
[4]. Human Development Report (2020), The Next Frontier - Human Development and the Anthropogen, p.166

Abstract: This article focuses on the environmental pollution generated by the activities of the company called Waste Management and Recovery (WMR) Niger. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of the activities of the WMR branch in Zinder on air quality and the associated risks through measurements inside the factory and in around fifty neighboring households, using a multifunction detector. Particulate matter (PM 10/PM2, 5/PM1), temperature and relative humidity were the parameters monitored. A questionnaire was also administered to local residents to gather their perception of their neighborhood with the company. The results show that air pollution is very significant in the WMR enclosure......

Key Words: Air pollution, plastic waste, recovery, impact, GVD-Niger, Zinde

[1]. Ndiaye M. B. Le recyclage de métaux d'origine industrielle au Sénégal. École Centrale de Lyon ; Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique de Dakar (Sénégal), 2006.
[2]. Desachy C. Les déchets : sensibilisation à une gestion écologique. Ed. TEC&DOC. Paris. 2001. 463 p.
[3]. CREPA, R. N. Étude sur la gestion des déchets plastiques dans l'espace UEMOA : Cas du Bénin. 2011 ; Rapport final.
[4]. Kailou djibo, A &ZakariM M.Local Solid WasteManagement Practices in the City of Zinder in Niger, Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021, G. Faldi et al. (eds.), In book: African Cities Through Local Eyes. 2021; pp.151-172.
[5]. Jaglin, S. Regulating Service Delivery in Southern Cities: Rethinking Urban Heterogeneity. Dans S. Parnell , & S. Oldfield, The Routledge Handbook on Cities of the Global South. 2014; 434–447. London : Routledge.
[6]. Institut National de la Statistique. Présentation des résultats globaux définitifs du Quatrième (4ème) Recensement Général de la Population et de l'Habitat (RGP/H) de 2012. Niamey : INS-Niger..

Abstract: Each year, 3.8 million people die prematurely from diseases attributable to indoor air pollution resulting from the inefficient use of solid fuels and oil for cooking. In Senegal, in rural areas, people depend on natural resources for their daily energy needs, such as wood, agricultural residues, dry manure, and charcoal.The aim of this study was: i) to determine the level of knowledge, attitude and practice about air pollution of the population in ToubabDialaw; and ii) to evaluate the level of indoor air quality according to the types of kitchens and the fuels used for cooking. Three types of kitchens were found: open kitchens in the courtyard (58.46%), closed kitchens......

Key Words: Cooking fuel, indoor air, type of kitchen, ToubabDialaw

[1]. Aboubacar, B., Deyi, X., Abdoul Razak, M. Y., & Hamidou Leyla, B. (2018). The Effect of PM2.5 from Household Combustion on Life Expectancy in Sub-Saharan Africa. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(4), 748. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15040748
[2]. Bartington, S. E., Bakolis, I., Devakumar, D., Kurmi, O. P., Gulliver, J., Chaube, G., Manandhar, D. S., Saville, N. M., Costello, A., Osrin, D., Hansell, A. L., & Ayres, J. G. (2017). Patterns of domestic exposure to carbon monoxide and particulate matter in households using biomass fuel in Janakpur, Nepal. Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex: 1987), 220(Pt A), 38‑45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.08.074
[3]. Carré, J., Gatimel, N., Moreau, J., Parinaud, J., & Léandri, R. (2017). Does air pollution play a role in infertility?: A systematic review. Environmental Health: A Global Access Science Source, 16(1), 82. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-017-0291-8
[4]. El Fekih, L., Mjid, M., Souissi, Z., Ben Hmida, A., El Gueddari, Y., Douagui, H., Ouedraogo, M., Dan Aouta, M., & Beji, M. (2014). Étude de la sensibilisation aux 3 acariens (Dermatophagoïdes pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoïdes farinae, Blomia tropicalis) au Maghreb et en Afrique subsaharienne dans une population de patients consultant pour une rhinite et/ou un asthme. Revue Française d'Allergologie, 54(3), 107‑112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reval.2014.01.033
[5]. Ezzati, M., & Kammen, D. (2001). Indoor air pollution from biomass combustion and acute respiratory infections in Kenya: An exposure-response study. Lancet (London, England), 358(9282), 619‑624. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(01)05777-4

Abstract: Forest ecosystems provide a range of services that are of fundamental importance to human well-being, health, livelihoods, and survival. As development increases with demand for natural resources, more forest lands are replaced with agriculture land, commercial plantation and infrastructures for being able to accommodate the excessive growth of the world's population. JandaBaik, Bentong, Pahang is one of the popular recreation and ecotourism sites in Malaysia. Apart from being surrounded by a forest reserve, JandaBaik possesses beautiful forest landscape and forest ecosystems. With the increasing demands for other forms of forest land use, multiple efforts are imperative.....

Key Words: Ecotourism; forest landscape; livelihoods; payment for ecosystem services; willingness to payMalaysia

[1]. Abdulkarim B, Yacob M. R., Abdullahi A.M., and A Radam, (2017) Farmers' Perceptions And Attitudes Toward Forest Watershed Conservation Of The North Selangor Peat Swamp Forest,Journal of Sustainable Forestry 36 (4), 309-323
[2]. Wood, E., Gatz, F. & Lindberg, K. (1991). The Ecotourism Society: An action agenda. In: Kusler, J. (Ed.). Ecotourism and resource conservation (pp. 75—79). Selected papers from the 2nd International Symposium: Ecotourism and Resource Conservation, Madison: Omnipress.
[3]. Fripp E. (2014). Payments for Ecosystem Services: A practical guide to assessing the feasibility of PES projects. Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor, Indonesia.
[4]. Krishnan, Devika, Ismail, Shaharuddin Mohamad, Kaffashi, Sara, and Chamhuri, Siwar. (2017). Household involvement in pioneering payment for ecosystem services in Langat Basin, Malaysia. Environmental Conservation, Clean Water, Air & Soil (CleanWAS), 32.
[5]. Manohar, M et al., (2020) Ecotourism in Malaysia: Current Scenario, Universiti Putra Malaysia Press, UPM Serdang Selangor, Malaysia

Abstract: Goulbi N'Kaba valley has agro-ecological areas.They are split into three groups G1to Phyllanthus pentandrus and Piliostima reticulatum(Pp_Pr) from adjacent decks, G2 intermediate to Sida cordifolia and Balanites aegyptiaca (Sc_Ba) et G3 to Zornia glochidiata and Acacia tortilis var raddiana (Zg_Atr) from passageways. The objective is to appreciate dissemination modes and diaspora types of valley vegetation. The stratified sampling method, along transects and surveys were carried out. The anemochorous modes of dissemination with 41.38, 45.00 and 46.67% and zoochorous with 37.93; 40 and 40 % are respectively the most abundant in clusters G1 at Pp_Pr, G2......

Key Words: Valley, Goulbi N'Kaba, Adjacent decks, Passageways, Dissemination, Diaspore

[1]. Akpo LE, Grouzis M, et Masse D. Durée de jachère et valeur pastorale de la végétation herbacée en zone soudanienne au Sénégal. Revue Élev. Méd. Vét. Pays Trop. (2002) 55 (4) 275-283.
[2]. Bangirinama F, Bigendako M-J, Havyarimana F, Bogaert J. Analyse de la flore des jachères du Burundi. Bull. sci. Inst. natl. environ. conserv. nat. (2011) 10 : 1-19.
[3]. Boubacar H. Caractérisation biophysique des ressources ligneuses dans les zones dégradées et reverdies au Sahel : cas du département de Mayahi. DEA. (2010). 69 p.
[4]. Cesar J. Étude de la production biologique des savanes de Cote d'Ivoire, Thèse de Doctorat de l'Université Paris 6. (1990). 587 p.

Abstract: This review paper presents a view of the past, present and future of green nanotechnology which affects the human life as the novel properties of nanomaterials investigated using green chemistry would play an important role in future. Further the size reduction to nanometer range would play an important role in all aspects as everyday life will get affected and would require changes in experimentation, risk assessment and application of nanotechnology

Key Words: Nanotechnology, Green chemistry, Green nanotechnology.

[1]. Anastas, Paul, and Nicolas Eghbali. "Green chemistry: principles and practice." Chemical Society Reviews 39.1 (2010): 301-312.
[2]. Zimmerman, Julie B., et al. "Designing for a green chemistry future." Science 367.6476 (2020): 397-400.
[3]. Li, Chao-Jun, and Barry M. Trost. "Green chemistry for chemical synthesis." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105.36 (2008): 13197-13202.
[4]. Lancaster, Mike. Green chemistry: an introductory text. Royal society of chemistry, 2020.
[5]. Surendiran, A., et al. "Novel applications of nanotechnology in medicine." Indian Journal of Medical Research 130.6 (2009).
[6]. Nikolova, M., R. Slavchov, and G. Nikolova. "Nanotechnology in medicine." Drug discovery and evaluation: methods in clinical pharmacology (2020): 533-546..

Abstract: However, a number of studies have recently found discrepancies between the timing of geological events and phylogenetic patterns using out-of-date evolutionary ideas. Because of this, the current distribution patterns of some avian groups can only be explained by past dispersal events, which frequently occurred over great distances and across seas. Generally speaking, changes to the landscape might not cause consistent temporal diversification patterns among various bird groups. It stands to reason that an avian lineage has more time to colonize a region on the other side of a barrier the older it is. As a result, there is a higher chance that populations may disperse across the barrier and then diversify on both sides of the divide. Additionally, lineages of bird species with lower....

Key Words: Avian diversification, Avian diversity, Avian distribution , Vicariance , Dispersal, Colonization , Range evolution etc

[1]. Alcaide M, Scordato ESC, Price TD, Irwin DE (2014) Genomic divergence in a ring species complex. Nature 511:83–U433
[2]. Aliabadian M, Roselaar CS, Nijman V, Sluys R, Vences M (2005) Identifying contact zone hotspots of passerine birds in the Palaearctic region. Biol Lett 1:21–23
[3]. Alroy J (2008) Dynamics of origination and extinction in the marine fossil record. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105:11536–11542
[4]. Antonelli A (2015) Biodiversity: multiple origins of mountain life. Nature 524:300–301
[5]. Balakrishnan CN, Sorenson MD (2006) Song discrimination suggests premating isolation among sympatric indigobird species and host races. Behav Ecol 17:473–478.