IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-16 ~ Issue-9 ~ Sep. 2022

Abstract: Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is an efficiently combusting fuel suitable for household cooking and heating since it has no residual effects on humanity and the environment. Its adoption varies worldwide with most households in the developed world adopting it as their primary fuel. However, LPG adoption in lower and middle-income countries (LMICs) remains significantly low. In Kenya, LPG adoption is faced with various challenges associated with its availability, especially in rural areas where long distances to LPG depots and lack of delivery services to remote areas hinder adoption. The current study was carried out in GatangaSub-county to (i) assess the influence of distance to LPG depots on LPG adoption; (ii) assess the influence of LPG delivery services......

Keywords: deforestation; biofuels; LPG adoption; LPG delivery services; fuelwood; climate change

[1]. Adeeyo, R.O., Edokpayi, J.N., Volenzo, T.E., Odiyo, J.O., &Piketh, S.J. (2022). Determinants of Solid Fuel Use and Emission Risks among Households: Insights from Limpopo, South Africa. Toxics, 10, 67. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10020067.
[2]. Adeyemi, P. A., &Adereleye, A. (2016). Determinants of household choice of cooking energy in Ondo State, Nigeria. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 7(9), 131–142. http://www.iiste.org.
[3]. Ahrends, A., Burgess, N., Milledge S, et al. (2010). Predictable waves of sequential forest degradation and biodiversity loss spreading from an African city. PNAS, 107:14556–14561.
[4]. Akter, S., & Pratap, C. (2022). Impact of clean cooking fuel adoption on women's welfare in India: the mediating role of women's autonomy. Sustainability Science 17:243–257 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-021-01069-9.
[5]. Alem, Y., &Ruhinduka, R. D. (2020). Saving Africa's tropical forests through energy transition: A randomized controlled trial in Tanzania (Ruhr Economic Paper No. 885). RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen. https://econpapers.repec.org/paper/zbwrwirep/885.htm12(115003

Abstract: Background: The advent of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria and reported side effects of synthetically manufactured drugs have further necessitated the search for plants and their extracts in the treatment of various infections and diseases in the area of health care delivery globally. Ethanolic and Aqueous (water) extracts of Ocimum gratissimum leaves known to be used in several traditional treatments of bacterial infections and diseases were evaluated for their antibacterial effects on three selected pathogenic bacteria namely: Shigella flexneri, Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis. Materials and Methods: Agar well diffusion......

Keywords: African basil; Pathogenic bacteria; Ethanolic extract; Phytochemicals; Escherichia coli

[1]. Ajani .O. I. Y. and Ugwu, P. C. 2008. Impact of Adverse Health on Agricultural Productivity of Farmers in Kainji Basin North-Central Nigeria, Journal on Trends in Agriculture Economics 1 (1): 1-7.program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (adult treatment panel III) final report. Circulation. 2002; 106(25, article 3143).
[2]. Akpan, S. B., Aya, E. A. Essien, U. A., Akpan, O. D. O. D. and Bassey, N. E. 2011. Analysis of Total Factor Productivity among Smallholder Vegetable Farmers in Akwa-Ibom State, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Agriculture, Food and Environment. 7(4):68 74
[3]. Iheke, O. R. and Ukaegbu, H. I. (2015) Effect of poor health and farmers' socioeconomic variables on total factor productivity of arable crop farm households in Abia state, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Agriculture, Food and Environment. 11(3):141-146
[4]. Isaksson, A. (2007). Determinants of Total Factor Productivity: A Literature Review, Research and Statistics Branch United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) Pp: 25-28.
[5]. Ugwu, P. C. 2006. Effect of Farmer's Health on the Agricultural Productivity of the Principal Farm Operator in Borgu LGA of Niger State. M.Sc. Project, (Unpublished) University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

Abstract: This study systematically collected surface sediment samples from the Futuan River Estuary, carried out heavy metal analysis and testing, analyzed the pollution characteristics of heavy metals in surface sediments, and studied the source of heavy metals based on correlation analysis and principal component analysis. The average contents of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn were 4.92, 0.09, 9.34, 46.03, 17.74, 0.015, 733.07, 20.16, 23.78, 48.94 mg/kg. As, Cd , Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn elements have strong correlation and high homology. Ten heavy metals such as As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn, and Fe2O3 have larger loadings on the first principal component, indicating that these elements are affected by the natural background. As, Cu, Mn and Pb have larger loads on the second principal component, which may represent the source of human activities.

Keywords: heavy metals, sediment, source, pollution

[1]. Sindern S, Tremöhlen M, Dsikowitzky L, et al. Heavy metals in river and coast sediments of the Jakarta Bay region (Indonesia) - Geogenic versus anthropogenic sources. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2016, 110, 624-633.
[2]. Sun L, Guo D, Liu K, et al. Levels, sources, and spatial distribution of heavy metals in soils from a typical coal industrial city of Tangshan, China. Catena, 2019, 175, 101-109.128
[3]. Varol M. Assessment of heavy metal contamination in sediments of the Tigris River (Turkey) using pollution indices and multivariate statistical techniques. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2011, 195: 355-364.
[4]. DelValls T Á, Forja J M, González-Mazo E, et al. Determining contamination sources in marine sediments usin multivariate analysis. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 1998, 17(4): 181-192.
[5]. Bernhard W, Harald V. Evaluating sustainable forest management strategies with the Analytic Network Process in a Pressure-State-Response framework. Journal of Environmental Management, 2008, 88(1):1-10

Abstract: The presence of bio active pharmaceutical residues in the aquatic environment is majorly due to incomplete removal at wastewater treatment plants. This study evaluated the concentrations of various pharmaceutical compounds in influents and effluents from six selected pharmaceutical industries and assessed their percentage removal after treatment at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Many pharmaceutical industries, do not comply with environmental standards before discharging their effluents into the receiving water body.The results revealed the levels of various pharmaceutical residues in the wastewater treatment plants effluents and the receiving water body.The target analytes include,diclofenac, acetaminophen,amoxicillin,caffeine and metronidazole, ofloxacin........

Keywords: Effluents, Influents, Wastewater treatment plant, Pollution, Pharmaceutical compounds and Cartridges,

[1]. Baker, D.R., Kasprzyk-Hordern, B . 2011. Critical evaluation of methodology commonly used in sample collection, storage, and preparation for the analysis of pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs in surface water and wastewater by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogram. 1218:7901–7913.
[2]. Melana, L.H., Yelena, S., Paul, P et al. 2012. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in treated wastewater are discharged into Charleston Harbor, South Carolina. Science of the Total Environment.437.
[3]. Shahram, T., Paul,Y., Xiaoming, Z.2010. Occurrence and removal of PPCPs and EDCs in the Detroit River Watershed, Water practice, and technology. 5
[4]. Schreiber, Aand Kern, R.2010. Quantitation and identification of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCP) in water samples, food, and environment.
[5]. .Jimoh, O.T., Ojo, O.F andLesile, F.P. 2013. A review of pharmaceuticals and endocrine-disrupting compounds: sources, effects, removal, and detections, Water, Air, and Soil pollution. 224.

Abstract: Since the last ice age, the global environment has gradually changed to a modern height. With the end of the ice age, the temperature has warmed and the sea level has gradually risen. The information of environmental change is recorded in sediments. Therefore, by analyzing the physical and chemical characteristics of sediments, we can reconstruct the paleoclimate change and understand the law of paleoenvironment change since the last glacial period. This study takes the HM borehole located in the northern Shandong plain as the research object. By analyzing the grain size and geochemical characteristics of sediments, this paper analyzes the evolution......

Keywords: last glacial age; Sedimentary environment; Geochemical characteristics; northern Shandong Plain

[1]. Chappell J, Omura A, Esat T, McCulloch M, Pandolfi J, Ota Y, Pillans B. 1996.Reconciliation of late Quaternary sea levels derived fromcoral terraces at Huon Peninsula with deep–sea oxygen isotope records. Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 141: 227–236.
[2]. Chen L,ChengC,Wei Z. 2009.Seismic evidence for significant lateral variations in lithospheric thickness beneath the central and westernNorth China Craton. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,286(1):171–183.
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[5]. LAMBECK, Kurt; ESAT, Tezer M.; POTTER, Emma-Kate. 2002. Links between climate and sea levels for the past three million years. Nature, 419.6903: 199-206

Abstract: Acha, with the botanical nameDigitariaexilisdepending on location, also known as findi, fundi,white fonio, fonio millet, and hungry rice or Acha rice, is commonly found in the savanna region of West- Africa, with the largest harvesting in the Gambia. It is also grown well in Northern Nigeria. The highly nutritious crop can form a good delicacy if adequately harnessed. However, many people did not know about its potential, while there have not been standardised Acha's recipes in any of our hotels and restaurants, especially in Nigeria. In this research, planting, harvest, storage and Nutritive values of Acha were reviewed. Thestandardised mouth-watering dishes from the food commodities of Acha were prepared by creating new recipes and improving on the existing ones, enhancing their nutritive......

Keywords: Acah, recipes, delicacy, food commodities and delicacy

[1]. Adoukonou-Sagbadja, H., Wagner, C., Dansi, A., Ahlemeyer, J., Daïnou, O., Akpagana, K., & Friedt, W. (2007). Genetic Diversity and Population Differentiation of Traditional Fonio Millet (Digitaria spp.) Landraces from Agro-Ecological Zones of West Africa. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 115(7), 917-931.
[2]. Aleem, K. F. (2013). Adaptation of a Global Orthometric to a Local Height Datum Using "Satlevel" Collocation Model. A PhD. Seminar Presentation, Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria. https://ir.unilag.edu.ng/handle/123456789/4274
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[4]. Adam, P. and David, G. (1988), Crop of the Direr Region of the Tropics. Singapore: Longman Ltd.
[5]. Biodiversity International (2017). Fonio: Tasty-Early Maturing Cerel for Diversified Production System inWest Africa. Bio diversifies fonio factsheet. Available online on: http://www.nuscommunity.org/fileadmin/templates/nuscommunity.org/upload/documents/Publications/2017_BioversityIER_Fonio_factsheet.pdf

Abstract: Background: Bentonite is often used as the main component of engineering barriers to isolate toxic substances and prevent pollutant migration. However, long-term exposure to bentonite to contaminants can significantly deteriorate its isolating properties. Therefore, the clays are modified to overcome the problem. One of the most promising materials is bentonite modified with polymer. Materials and Methods: One of the main characteristics of barrier materials is hydraulic conductivity. Sets of hydraulic conductivity tests were conducted to evaluate the influence of polymer treatment and prehydration on the hydraulic conductivity of......

Keywords: Bentonite; Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose; Hydraulic conductivity; Prehydration.

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