IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-18 ~ Issue-3 ~ March 2024

Abstract: Plastic pollution has developed as a major environmental issue, posing a significant threat to ecosystems and species globally. Among the various forms of plastic trash, single-use plastic bags are a major contributor to the problem. Recognizing the need for change, there is a rising movement to switch from plastic bags to more sustainable alternatives, such as cloth bags. However, this transformation presents numerous hurdles that hamper progress.:....

[1]. Growing Things In Polythene Bags And Polythene Bag Fish Tank, 1 Jan. 1982, Https://Doi.Org/10.14217/9781848593497-20-En
[2]. Huxley, Rachel. "Overcoming Barriers To Making Cities More Sustainable: How Can Short-Term Thinking Help Achieve Long-Term Goals?" Sustainable Ecological Engineering Design, 2016, Pp.295–307, Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/978-3-319-32646-7_20
[3]. "The Negative Environmental Effects Of Plastic Shopping Bags." International Bar Association, Www.Ibanet.Org/Article/76f8d2a9-1a1d-4a2f-8a6f-0a70149fd4d5. Accessed 6 Mar. 2024
[4]. "Plastic Planet: How Tiny Plastic Particles Are Polluting Our Soil." Unep, Www.Unep.Org/News-And-Stories/Story/Plastic-Planet-How-Tiny-Plastic-Particles-Are-Polluting-Ou R-Soil. Accessed 6 Mar. 2024
[5]. Smith, Moyra. "Maintaining Homeostasis And Mitigating Effects Of Harmful Factors In The Intrinsic Or Extrinsic Environment." Gene Environment Interactions, 2020, Pp. 139–175, Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819613-7.00006-2

Abstract: Background: Lignin, a structurally complex polymer inherent to plant cell walls, presents a formidable obstacle due to its recalcitrant nature. Microbial degradation of lignin offers a promising avenue for its sustainable utilization across various industries. In this investigation, we endeavored to isolate and characterize lignin-degrading bacteria from bovine fecal matter, recognized for its rich microbial diversity. Materials and Methods:.....

Key Word: Lignin degradation, Bacterial isolation, Bovine faeces, MALDI, Bioremediation

[1] Alves, L., Medeiros, F. H., De Carvalho, A. K. F., Nascimento, R. A., Lopes, A. C. S., & Melo, I. S. (2016). Isolation Of Lignin-Degrading Basidiomycetes Fungi From Amazonian Aquatic Habitats And Their Use In The Decolorization Of Remazol Brilliant Blue R. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 227(6), 220.
[2] Boerjan, B. (2003) Chen, Y., Xiong, Y., Zhang, K., Huang, R., & Cao, S. (2020). Identification And Characterization Of Lignin-Degrading Bacteria From Chinese Soil Samples. Frontiers In Microbiology, 11, 1044.
[3] Bugg, T. D. H., Ahmad, M., Hardiman, E. M., & Rahmanpour, R. (2011). Pathways For Degradation Of Lignin In Bacteria And Fungi. Natural Product Reports, 28(12), 1883–1896
[4] Garcia-Gonzalez, E., Bardaji, L., Lindhoud, S., De Leeuw, M., Abee, T., & Ribo-Arbesú, E. (2013). Isolation Of Endospore-Forming Bacteria With A Relationship To Dairy Industry From Non-Dairy Farm Environments. Plos One, 8(8), E73238.
[5] Gao, M., Kao, T., Zhou, X., Sun, Y., Liu, R., & Qiu, T. (2021). Isolation And Screening Of Lignin-Degrading Bacteria From Rotten Wood For Bioconversion Of Lignocellulosic Biomass. International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health, 18(2), 655

Abstract: The potential of Corchorus capsularis, a jute plant species, in remediating heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Cd, and Pb) from contaminated soil was investigated through phytoremediation using a completely randomized design (CRD). The study assessed heavy metal contamination levels in both the soil and plant materials using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (240FS Varian AAS). Results were analyzed for the transfer factor (TF) and bio-concentration factor (BCF). Corchorus capsularis exhibited robust growth patterns in the presence of heavy metal pollution, with root and.....

Key Word: Heavy metal; Bioaccumulation; Mineral absorption; Transfer factor; Fibrous plant; Remediation

[1] C. D. Jadia And M. H. Fulekar, "Phytoremediation Of Heavy Metals: Recent Techniques," African J. Biotechnol., Vol. 8, No. 6, Pp. 921–928, 2009.
[2] H. Ali, E. Khan, And M. A. Sajad, "Phytoremediation Of Heavy Metals-Concepts And Applications," Chemosphere, Vol. 91, No. 7, Pp. 869–881, 2013, Doi: 10.1016/J.Chemosphere.2013.01.075.
[3] M. H. Saleem Et Al., "Jute: A Potential Candidate For Phytoremediation Of Metals—A Review," Plants, Vol. 9, No. 2, Pp. 1–14, 2020, Doi: 10.3390/Plants9020258.
[4] N. Merkl, R. Schultze-Kraft, And C. Infante, "Phytoremediation In The Tropics - Influence Of Heavy Crude Oil On Root Morphological Characteristics Of Graminoids," Environ. Pollut., Vol. 138, No. 1, Pp. 86–91, 2005,
Doi: 10.1016/J.Envpol.2005.02.023.
[5] J. Suman, O. Uhlik, J. Viktorova, And T. Macek, "Phytoextraction Of Heavy Metals: A Promising Tool For Clean-Up Of Polluted Environment?," Front. Plant Sci., Vol. 871, 2018, Doi: 10.3389/Fpls.2018.01476

Abstract: The provision of clean water and adequate sanitation is essential for sustaining human life, health, happiness, and decency. In all environments where individuals live, learn, play, work, rest, and seek medical attention, a gradual strategy is needed to ensure that sanitation and drinking water operations are safe, equitable, accessible, available, and affordable for everyone. Approximately 13,000 kids under the age of five die every year from illness linked.....

Key Word: Monitoring, Evaluation, M&E Planning, Water, Sanitation

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Abstract: Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Jusieu) is an evergreen, multi-purpose tree found in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asian countries. Every part of the tree is useful in one way or the other (1). The seed is an important source of vegetable oil and biopesticidal compounds. Neem seed kernel consists of (2, 3) azadirachtin and other limonoids such as nimbin, salanin(4)and meliantriol (5,6). However, azadirachtin is the most important limonoid and is known to possess anti-feedant, attractant, repellant (7), growth disrupting (8) and larvicidal properties against numerous pests (9). It is essential......

[1] Arivoli K., Buvaneswaran C., Menason E. And Krishna Kumar N., Intra-Specific Variation In Growth Characteristics And Biomass Production In Azadirachta Indica A. Juss. Under Elevated Co2 Levels, 2014, 18, 652-662.
[2] Ganesalingam, V. K., Use Of The Neem Plant In Sri Lanka At The Farmer's Level. In Proceedings, International Neem Conference, Nairobi, Kenya, 1986, P. 171.[3] Butterworth, J. H. And Morgan, E. D., Isolation And Structural Studies On A Locust Feeding Inhibitor From Neem Seeds. Ph D Thesis, University Of Keele, Uk, 1968.
[4] Schroeder, R. And Nakanishi, K., A Simplified Isolation Procedure For Azadirachtin. J. Nat. Prod., 1987, 50, 241–244.
[5] Henderson, R., Mccrindle, R., Overton, K. H. And Metera, A., Salannin. Tetrahedron Lett., 1964, 52, 3969–3974.

Abstract: The paper examines the complex and dynamic connection between technology and law in space exploration, providing a detailed analysis of their interactions and difficulties. This text explores the historical progression of space technology, highlighting significant advancements that have propelled humanity into outer space. It examines the legal frameworks that govern space activities, including international agreements and national regulations, to demonstrate how legal systems can adapt to the complexities of space exploration.
Within this framework, the research explores essential issues that arise when technology and law intersect, including the handling.....

Key Word: ● Space exploration
● Technology
● Law
● Outer space governance
● International collaboration
● Legal frameworks
● Space debris management
● Resource utilization
● Private space enterprises
● Ethical considerations
● Adaptive legal mechanisms
● Sustainable exploration
● Global space arena
● Historical evolution
● Technological breakthroughs

[1] A. I. Abdullin And D. A. Valeev. "Scientific And Technological Progress Analysis Of Space Technologies". Helix. Vol. 9. No. 5. Pp. 5482-5485. Oct. 2019. 10.29042/2019-5482- 5485.
[2] R. Wickrmatunga, "United Nationsoffice For Outer Space Affairs".
[3] F. G. V. D. Dunk. "Space Tourism, Private Spaceflight And The Law: Key Aspects". Space Policy. Vol. 27. No. 3. Pp. 146-152. Aug. 2011. 10.1016/J.Spacepol.2011.04.015.
[4] P. B. Larsen. "Recent Changes In Space Law's Concept Of Sovereignty". Vol. 88. Pp. 264- 268. Jan. 1994.
10.1017/S0272503700082148.
[5] H. Fox And I. Fox. "An Introduction To Space Law For The Business Community". American Business Law Journal. Vol. 4. No. 2. Pp. 151-155. Sep. 1966. 10.1111/J.1744-1714. 1966.Tb01039.X.

Abstract: Background: Global warming undoubtedly plays a crucial role in the decline of Arctic sea ice. However, the specific pathways leading to the decrease in sea ice remain controversial. Data and Methods: This article uses remote sensing satellite data from 1982 to 2023 to analyze the sea ice area, sea surface temperature and air temperature in the Arctic Ocean......

Key Word: sea ice area; sea surface temperature; Arctic Ocean; global warming

[1]. Xue-Long Song. The Study Of Relationships Among The Sea Ice, Water Masses, And Double-Diffusive Staircases In The Arctic Ocean.University Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences, 2014. Doi:Http://Ir.Scsio.Ac.Cn/Handle/344004/10695.
[2]. Xue-Long Song, Sheng-Qi Zhou. The Impact Of Pacific Summer Water On Sea Ice Of The Canada Basin. Acta Oceanologica Sinica(In Chinese), 2014, 36(11): 38-45. Doi:10.3969/J.Issn.0235-4193.2014.11.005.
[3]. Wu Bingyi. Progresses In The Impact Study Of Arctic Sea Ice Loss On Wintertime Weather And Climate Variability Over East Asia And Key Academic Disputes. Chinese Journal Of Atmospheric Sciences (In Chinese), 2018, 42 (4): 786–805.
Doi:10.3878/J.Issn.1006-9895.1804. 17262.
[4]. Xue-Long Song. Relationship Between Pacific Water And Sea Ice In The Canadian Basin Of The Arctic Ocean. Science & Technology Vision, 2015, (35):5-6+25. Doi:10.19694/J.Cnki.Issn2095-2457.2015.35.001.
[5]. Johannessen O M, Bengtsson L, Miles M W, Et Al. Arctic Climate Change: Observed And Modelled Temperature And Sea-Ice Variability. Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology And Oceanography, 2004, 56(4): 328-341. Doi:10.3402/Tellusa.V56i4.14418.