IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-9 ~ Issue-11 ~ November 2015

Abstract: Energy plays a major role in a country's social-economic development, and fossil fuels, which are the leading source of world energy, are being depleted due to the high rate of consumption globally, which has led to the call for the need for alternative energy sources. Presently, the world population has increased with concomitant economic growth, which has led to an increase in the demand for energy. This review presents an overview of the renewable energy resources and current potential use scenario, most especially renewable energy, such as biomass, solar, wind, and geothermal as alternative sources of energy.

[1]. Abdelaziz, E., Saidur, R., Mekhilef, S. (2010). A review on Energy saving searegies in industrial sector. renew sustain Energy Rev; 15 (1), 15, 150–68.
[2]. Akdag, S. A., Guler, O. (2010). Evaluation of wind energy investment interest and electricity generation cost analysis for Turkey. Applied Energy;87:2574 – 80. (2010), 2574.
[3]. Aksoy, H., Toprak, Z.F., Aytek, A. ( 2004). U¨ nal NE. Stochastic generation of hourly mean wind speed data. Renewable Energy;29:2111. (2004), 2111.

Abstract: The aims of the research are to identify the tourist profile of Lok Baitan floating market and identify the capital aspect of floating market which are suitable for sustainable and competitive tourism attraction development. The majority of tourist respondent was young generation and have university education background. Based on the profile of respondent characters, it is clear that that tourism in Lok Baitan floating market can be considered as special interest tourism. In Lok Baiktan floating market, local culture in economic activity and landscape were important aspect in tourism attraction in floating market. The weaknesses of accessibility and transportation aspect are related the availability of public transportation. Problems of the recent basic amenity related to the integrated long term policy of tourism development in the past. Overall, the perception about tourism ancillary was low, indicated there are problems of tourism organization and management.

[1]. MJ. Walpole, and HJ. Goodwin, Local economic impacts of dragon tourism in Indonesia. Annals of tourism research, 27(3), 2000, 559-576.
[2]. L. Hakim, Dasar-dasar Ekowisata, (Penerbit Bayu Media, 2002). [3]. L.Hakim, Soemarno, and SK. Hong, Challenges for conserving biodiversity and developing sustainable island tourism in North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Journal of Ecology and Field Biology, 35 (2), 2012, 61-71
[4]. K. MacKinnon, G. Hatta, and H. Halim. The Ecology of Kalimantan: Indonesian Borneo. (Peripulus, Singapore, 2002).
[5]. D.Parikesit, D., K. Khusairi, and R. Novitarini, The characteristics of rural water transport: Case studies of three provinces in Indonesia. In Proceedings of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies (Vol. 4). 2003.
[6]. R. Boonratana, Community-based tourism in Thailand: The need and justification for an operational definition. Kasetsart Journal: Social Sciences, 31(2), 2010, 280-289.

Abstract: The recent technology that substitutes the manual input data to digital data had enhanced growth and development in most of our cities through the application of geographic information system. This paper analyses the current assessment of GIS and its impacts on growth and development of the Central Area of Abuja. Geospatial data are required to evaluate the urban growth within the periphery of the study area, Federal Capital Territory (FCT). The impacts of human settlement and population, expansion of business activities, migration, and improved quality of health care and personal-social services are expected to be the contributory factors that led to expansion.

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[2]. Abba (2003) Saving the City of Abuja from Dirt, Faeces, Garbage and Disease. Indepth Analysis Vol 3, NO 5 Nov 2003
[3]. Ango (2001) implementation of Master Plan: The Abuja Experience 1979 1999 in FCDA: THE REVIEW OF ABUJA MASTER PLAN. Ibadan: Foundation Publication
[4]. Chang. (2002) Introduction to geographic information systems. Book, McGraw Hill companies,
[5]. Dai, FC, Lee, CF, Zhang, XH. (2001). GIS-based geo-environmental evaluation for urban land-use planning: a case study. Engineering geology, 61(4), 257-271
[6]. Ekoh O, Innocent O and Ogbonnaya O (2006) El-Rufai and Abuja Urban Renewal Policies: An Independent Study Crystal Print, UK Ltd.

Abstract: Anaerobic treatment of municipal solid waste leachate is the treatment process of leachate generated in solid waste disposal site. Biological treatment removes the most contaminants, by converting it into less harmful substances. This process is natural process which use the naturally available organisms in the environment. In this paper the process of anaerobic treatment of municipal solid waste leachate and recovering the methane gas produced is presented. The UASB bioreactor was operated at 3 different processes i.e. batch process, semi-continuous process and continuous process. The results of these three processes are compared and semi-continuous process gives the best results.

[1]. Ahn.D.H., Yun-Chul.C., Won-Seok.C.,(2002). Use of coagulant and zeolite to enhance the biological treatment efficiency of high ammonia leachate. J. Environ. Sci. Heal., 163–173.
[2]. Aktas.O, Cecen.F., (2001) Addition of activated carbon to batch activated sludge reactors in the treatment of landfill leachate and domestic wastewater, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 76 ,793–802.
[3]. Alessandro, S., Stefano, M.L., (2008). Nitrogen removal via nitrite in a sequencing batch reactor treating sanitary landfill leachate. Bioresour. Technol. 99, 609– 614.
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[5]. APHA., (2005). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water, twenty first ed. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC.

Abstract: The birds are the biological indicator in aquatic environment. Birds have played a unique role in the growth, protection and restoration of natural environment. Aquatic and semi aquatic birds are biological indicator in aquatic environment because the birds belong to the top level of food chain in aquatic ecosystem. Ecological change caused changing number of breeding and wintering of aquatic and semi aquatic bird's population. Many natural habitats in the study area are undergoing changes as a result of human activities. Under this correlation many species are declining precipitously.

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[3]. Baylis, P.1989. Population dynamics of magpie geese in relation to rainfall and density. Implications for harvest models in fluctuating environment. J.Appl.Ecology, 26:913-924.
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Abstract: Today, renewable energy source of power generation has become very promising. As we know that conventional or non-renewable source of energies are very limited and are depleting very rapidly. Increasing energy needs of the world and continually growing population there is a power demand gap and it needs alternate sources of energy. So, there is a view to generate more and more power from renewable sources of energy. There are various forms of renewable energy sources. Biomass is one of the important sources of renewable energy. India has huge volume of potential for renewable energy sources. In India about 500 million metric tons of biomass energy is produced every year.

[1] Center, B.E., 2012: Biomassenergycenter.org.uk. Retrieved on, 02-28.
[2] Volk, T.L. Abrahamson, E. White, E. Neuhauser, E. Gray, C. Demeter, C. Lindsey, J. Jarnefeld, D. Aneshansley and R. Pellerin, Developing a willow biomass crop enterprise for bioenergy and bio products in the United States. In proceedings of the proceedings of bioenergy, 2000.
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Abstract: The tribal people of the Andaman and Nicobar islands are neither 'primitive' nor living in the 'stone age'. Their way of life has not remained unchanged for thousands of years. Like I all peoples, their cultures have been continuously evolving. There is no reason why the tribes cannot both survive and thrive, as long as their lands and resources are secure. The tribal people live in interior village deep inside dense forests and are dependent on many medicinal plants growing nearby.Living close to nature, the tribal people have acquired knowledge on the natural resources that exists around their habitat in the forest eco-system.These people have unique knowledge on use of different plant parts, their use in cure of ailment, and are using different formulations made out of plant parts in cure of ailments in primary health care.

[1]. Agrawal,S.R.1981Trees,flowers and fruits in Indian Folk proverbs and Folk tales in S.K.Jain (Ed.)Glimpses of Indian Ethnobotany 3-12.
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Abstract: The increasing consumption of pharmaceuticals is reflected in contamination of surface water and soil which are then source of possible contamination of crops. Our study uncovers possibility of Ibuprofen (IBU) uptake by carrot when water and soil contaminated by Ibuprofen were used for its cultivation. The basic monitoring of IBU presence in Moravian-Silesian surface water was performed by bag method before growth tests. The maximal detected IBU amount was 21 ng on gram of sorbent per 24 hours. The growth tests started by germination test which uncovers 6,6% reduction in germination in case of slow delivery of IBU and total inhibition of germination in case of fast delivery of IBU.

[1] S.W. Nam, B.I. Jo, Y. Yoon and K.D. Zoh, Occurrence and removal of selected micropollutants in a water treatment plant, Chemosphere, 95, 2014, 156-165.
[2] L. Pasquini, J.F. Munoz, N. Rimlinger, X. Dauchy, X. France, M.N. Pons and T. Görner, Assessment of the fate of some household micropollutants in urban wastewater treatment plant, Chemical Papers, 67, 2013, 601-612.
[3] Y. Elorriaga, D.J. Marino, P. Carriquiriborde and A.E. Ronco, Human Pharmaceuticals in Wastewaters from Urbanized Areas of Argentina, Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 90, 2013, 397-400.
[4] P. Paiga, L.H.M.L.M Santos, C.G. Amorim, A.N. Araújo, M.C.B.S.M. Montenegro, A. Pena and C. Delerue-Matos, Pilot monitoring study of ibuprofen in surface waters of north of Portugal, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 20, 2013, 2410-2420.
[5] R. Pal, M. Megharaj, K.P. Kirkbride and R. Naidu, Illicit drugs and the environment - A review, Science of Total Environment, 463-464, 2013, 1079-1092.

Abstract: Twenty medicinal plants were investigated for Vesicular-arbusculaar mycorrhizal (VAM) association in a survey of the Pandam area of Darjeeling Himalaya, West Bengal. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza was found to be of universal occurrence in almost all plants located at different regions of the globe except a few one under varied eco-habitats. Great variations were found in the VAM infection percentage compared to those at the other sites including seasons also. Herbaceous plants showed more infection in comparison with the shrubby plants found in the same locality.

[1]. Kirk, P. M; Cannon, P. F; David, J. C; and Stalfers, J. A. 2001. Ainsworth and Bisby's Dictionary of the fungi, 9th edition, CAB International, Wallingford, U.K.
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Abstract: Fruits and vegetables are rich source of minerals and vitamins. India's diverse climate ensures availability of all varieties of fresh fruits & vegetables. It ranks second in fruits and vegetables production in the world, after China.Among all despite large acreage of land devoted to papaya the fruit loss is reported to be between 40-100% of total annual produce.Alone in Andhra Pradesh the total production of fruit is 1173.6 thousand MT.Postharvest losses are attributed to mechanical damage, rapid flesh softening, decay, physiological disorders, pest infestation, and improper temperature management and storage which results in greater loss.To reduce these losses many methods were discovered among which Osmotic dehydration has received greater attention in recent years as an effective method for preservation of fruits and vegetables which is being a simple process, facilitates processing of fruits and vegetables with retention of initial fruit characteristics viz., colour, aroma, texture and nutritional composition.

[1]. Anoar A El Patricia M A Jose L B and Fernanda E X (2006) Influence of the osmotic agent on the osmotic dehydration of papaya(Carica papaya L) Journal of Food Engineering 75: 267-274
[2]. Chavan U D (department of food science and technology, India ) and Amarowicz A (Institute of animal reproduction and food research of the polish academy and sciences Poland)(may 2012) osmotic dehydration process for preservation of fruits and vegetables Journal of Food Research 1 pg: 2 .
[3]. Fabiano A N Fernandes Sueli R Gaspareto and Edson L(2007) on optimization of osmotic dehydration of papaya followed by air-drying Food Process Technology.
[4]. Fasogbon BM Gbadamosi SO and Taiwo KA(2013) the Osmotic Dehydration and Rehydration Characteristics of Pineapple Slices Journal of Food Process Technology 4:4
[5]. Graziella C A Patricia M A Denise G Anoar A and Farnanda E X( 1998-2004) on osmotic dehydration of papaya (carica papaya L)influence of process variables Brazil 22-25 August 04 volume C.

Abstract: The peels of cassava, plantain and pawpaw are major agricultural waste after harvest. These agro wastes after harvest were used as substrate for the production soluble protein and reducing sugar. The selected bacteria strainsincludeAlcaligenes species, Alcaligeneseutrophus, Alcaligenesaquarnarius, Cellulomonas species and Cellulomonasflavigena. The various peels were fermented either singly with one isolate or in combination of wastes of varying ratios of 1:1, 2:1, 5:1 and 10:1.The protein yield of the isolates in the preliminary experiment was used to screen the isolates.The fermented cassava peels with plantain peels had the highest level of protein production at combination 5:1 (49.3%) and lowest at ratio 10:1 (4.8%).

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Abstract: Endoparasites have the ability to accumulate heavy metals and the capacity to detect even the lowest heavy metal concentrations. These have made them more suitable water pollution biomonitors than their fish hosts. Therefore, ninety Nile Tilapia, (Oreochromisniloticus), collected at 3 different points along River Ogun at Abeokuta were examined for presence of endoparasites. Fish muscle and organs, endoparasites, water and sediments samples collected at three sites were analysed for levels of Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb. Four trematodes species: Allocreadiumghanensis, Phagicola longa, Clinostomumtilapiae, and Dipylidiumcaninum and one acanthocephalan, Acanthogyrustilapiae were identified from the fishes.

[1]. Bishop P.L. Pollution prevention: fundamentals and practice. (Beijing singhua University Press 2002).
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Abstract: Heavy metals are considered as a major pollutant causing environmental cytotoxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects in animals and aquatic organisms. The study aims to analyze the presence of lead, cadmium and mercury on selected suya samples from Warri, Ughelli and Ozoro in Delta State, Nigeria. Quantitative analysis confirmed the presence of lead, cadmium and mercury in all suya samples analysed using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The mean concentration of lead, cadmium and mercury were 0.125±0.007, 0.140±0.006 and 0.150±0.040 for Warri respectively; 0.060±0.000, 0.075±0.003 and 0.120±0.009 for Ughelli respectively and 0.085±0.003, 0.110±0.050 and 0.090±0.010 for Ozoro suya respectively. The mean concentration of lead, cadmium and mercury in the suya samples were within the standard limits set by WHO, JECFA and EOSQC.

[1] Hărmanescu M., Alda L. M., Bordean D. M., Gogoaşă I., Gergen I., (2011), Heavy metals health risk assessment for population via consumption of vegetables grown in old mining area; a case study: Banat County, Romania, Chemistry Central Journal, 5.
[2] Albu A., (2010), Assessment of heavy metal and nitrate/nitrite residues in the plant, part of food chain and their risk for consumers, PhD Thesis, Ion Ionescude la Brad University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iaşi, Romania.
[3] WHO, (2000), Lead, In: Safety Evaluation of Certain Food Additives and Contaminants, Fifty-Fifth Meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), Geneva: WHO Food Additives Series, 44, World Health Organization, Geneva, 273-312.
[4] WHO, (2011), Cadmium, In: Safety Evaluation of Certain Food Additives and Contaminants, Fifty-Fifth Meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), Geneva: WHO Food Additives Series, 46, World Health Organization, Geneva.
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Abstract: The effect of mat (Cyprus rotundis) industry effluent in different concentrations (viz. 5%, 10%, 15%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50% ) on the biochemical constituents in leaves of Lablab purpureus(L.) was studied . Ground water treated plants were used as control and as well as diluent. Physico-chemical, Elemental analysis of effluent and ground water were also studied . Biochemical constituents like total soluble sugars, free aminoacids, total soluble starch, total soluble proteins, free proline, total lipids were decreased with increasing effluent concentration.

Key words:- biochemical, constituents, diluent, effluent, physico-chemical.

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Abstract: This paper examines Topographic Information System as a tool for environmental management. The Delta State Polytechnic Ogwashi-Uku has been without a proper road network and drainage system since its creation so there was need to construct a proper road network and a functional drainage system that will be able to address the perennial flood problem in the polytechnic. However, before the construction work started a comprehensive topographic survey of the school premises have to be undertaken so as to have an overview of the topography and existing details (both natural and manmade) on ground. The production of Topographic Information System was therefore carried out with the aim of producing a tool for effective planning and proper environmental management of the polytechnic.

[1]. Adeyemi W (1998): Topographic Survey of Abdulkareem Lafene Secretariat and Environs. Unpublished M.Tech Project Submitted to the Department of Land Surveying and Photogrammetry, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.
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[5]. E.O. Oriola, Asonibare S.O (2011): ― Topographic Information System as a Tool For nEnvironmental Management ‖ Journal of Asian Scientific Research , Vol.1, No.8,pp.441-450.

Abstract: Juveniles of Clarias gariepinus mean weight (10.69± 0.2g) and mean total length (9.64± 0.10cm) were exposed to aqueous and ethanol extracts of Parkia biglobosa pods (60, 70, 80, 90, and 100mg/l) over a period of 96hrs under the standard laboratory conditions. Exposure to the pod extract resulted in some physiological dysfunction of the test fish, such as signs of agitated behaviours, respiratory distress and abnormal nervous behaviours including eventual deaths more observed. Control fish neither died nor exhibited any unusual clinical signs. Percentage mortality of the fish was increasing with the increase in the concentration, however, mortality was higher on the fish exposed to aqueous extract of the P. biglobosa and it was concluding that both aqueous and ethanol pod extract of P. biglobosa are toxic to C. gariepinus juveniles with aqueous extract being more toxic. Keywords: Clarias gariepinus, clinical signs, Parkia biglobosa, pod, toxicity.

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[3]. Fafioye, O.O., Adebisi, A.A. and Fagade, S.O. (2004).Toxicity of Parkia biglobosa and Raphia vinifera extracts on Clarias gariepinus juveniles.African Journal of Biotechnology 3(10) Available on line at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB.
[4]. Ologe, I. A. D. and Sogbesan O. A. (2007). Piscicidal Potential of Dried Euphorbia heterophylla (L.) Stem Water Extract on Barbus Occidentalis (Pisces: Cyprinidae) (Boulenger, 1920) Fingerlings, Journal of Environmental Toxicology, 1: 191-197.
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Abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of different preparation methods of mango and orange peels on the chemical compositions and properties of dietary fiber concentrate used as a raw material for functional foods.
Mango and orange samples were purchased from the local market. Four different preparation methods of mango and orange peels of dry milling, wet milling, wet milling and cold water washing, and wet milling and hot water washing were investigated on their effects on the chemical composition and properties of the mango and orange peels dietary fiber concentrate.

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[3]. Ajila, C.M.; Leelavathi, K. and Prasada Rao, U.J.S. (2008). Improvement of dietary fiber content and antioxidant properties in soft dough biscuit with the incorporation of mango peel powder. J. Cereal Sci., 48: 319-326.
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