IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-14 ~ Issue-6 ~ June 2020

Abstract: This study investigated water quality and plankton as natural food supply indicators in three earthen fish ponds at Obiaruku, Delta State, Nigeria. The investigated water variables include Water temperature and depth, transparency, pH, conductivity, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, BOD, phosphate-phosphorus and nitrate-nitrogen. The water variables differed significantly within and among the ponds (p<0.005) and were within the recommended limits for fish culture. The Ponds featured phytoplankton and zooplankton constituting of six and three taxa respectively. Thirty phytoplankton species listed in this study varied differently in the ponds. Their order of significance in the various ponds is in the pattern reported viz: Pond I had Chlorophyceae > Bacillariophyceae > Cyanophyceae > Xanthophyceae> Dinophyceae > Euglenophyceae. In pond 2, it was Chlorophyceae > Bacillariophyceae > Euglenophyceae > Cyanophyceae while in Pond III; the order was Chlorophyceae > Cyanophyceae......

Key Words: Water variables, Phytoplankton, Zooplankton,Diversity indices, Fish culture, River Etiope

[1]. Adeosun, F. I., Akin-Obasola, B. J., Jegede, T., Oyekanmi, F. B., and Kayode, J. O. (2014).Physical and Chemical Parameters of Lower Ogun River, Akomoje, Ogun State, Nigeria.Fisheries and Aquaculture Journal. 5: 088 - 092
[2]. APHA (American Public Health Association), (1990). Standard method for the examination of water and wastewater APHA, Washington D.C.15th Edn.
[3]. Asmare, E., Demiss, S., and Tewabe, D. (2016). Fisheries of Jemma and Wonchit Rivers: as a means of Livelihood Diversification and its Challenges in North Shewa Zone, Ethiopia. Fisheries and Aquaculture Journal, 7(7): 182- 188.
[4]. Bhatnagar, A. and Devi, P.(2013). Water Quality Guidelines for the Management of pond fish culture. Int. Journal of Environmental Sciences. 3(6): 1980 - 2009
[5]. Burke, J. S., and Bayne, D. R. (1987). Impact of Paddlefish on Plankton and Water Quality of Catfish Ponds.The Progressive Fish-Culturist, 48(3): 177-183.

Abstract: Backgroung:The trends of microclimatic elements in urban areas have been monitored over the years by so many researchers. Man, in a bid to modernize his environment, has anthropogenically modified the city microclimate. This study examined the trend and causal interaction among the key microclimatic elements in Enugu Urban from 1971 to 2018. Materials and Methods: The data was obtained from Nigerian Meteorological Agency. Descriptive Time Series Analysis and Pairwise Granger Causality Test Mechanism were employed as analytical techniques. Results: The result shows the skewness and kurtosis of various elements. In the trends, rainfall exhibits a random pattern. The trend of maximum and minimum temperature indicates a smooth distribution. Wind speed pattern shows a random movement and relative humidity also maintains a smooth trend. Also, the trend of sunshine shows a random movement. The study also reveals....

Keywords: Microclimate; Modeling; Trends; Causal Interaction; Urban Heat Island; Urban Climate.

[1]. Adinna, E.N., Enete, .I. C., &Okolie, T. Assessment of Urban Heat Island and Possible Adaptations in Enugu Urban using Landsat/ ETM. Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences, 2009;6(1), 26-31.
[2]. Balling, R., &Brazel, S. W. The impact of rapid urbanization on pan evaporation in phoenix. Arizona. International Journal of Climatology, 1987;7(6), 593-597. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.3370070607
[3]. Balogun, A. A, Balogun, I. A, &Adeyewa, Z. D. Comparisons of urban and rural heat stress conditions in a hot-humid tropical city. Global Health Action, 2010;3: 5614. DOI: 10.3402/gha.v3i0. 5614
[4]. Balogun, I. A., Balogun, A. A., &Adeyewa, Z. D. Observed Urban Heat Island Characteristics in Akure, Nigeria. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2012;6 (1), 1 – 8.
[5]. Blake, R., Grimm, A., Ichinose, T., Horton, R., Gaffin, S., Jiong, S., Bader, D., & Cecil, L. D. . Climate Change and Cities. In: Rosenzweig, C., Solecki, W. D., Hammer, S. A.,& Mehrotra, S. (Eds.). Urban climate: Processes, trends, and projections: First Assessment Report of the Urban Climate Change Research Network. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2011;43–81.

Abstract: Background: The complexity of ecotourism activity makes it require tools to assist in effective decision making so as to meet up with the competing economic, social, and environmental demands of sustainable development. Pandam Game Reserve in Qua'an Pan Local Government area of Plateau State is one of the largest Game Reserves in Nigeria. The park has over the years provided a place for visitors to learn about the beauty of nature and enjoy the natural environment. Parks such as the one in Pandam exist to ensure that pleasure seekers now and in the future, are able to experience for themselves their country's rich natural heritage. Even though the park is a good instrument for biodiversity conservation, ignoring the dependence of local people on park resources created conflicts between local communities and the park authority......

Keyword: Ecotourism, Socio-Cultural, Economic, Challenges, Game Reserve

[1]. Akosim, C. Evaluation of Biodiversity conservation and management in Pandam Wildlife Park, Plateau State, Nigeria. Ph.D thesis, Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Management University of Ibadan. 1997; 232pp.
[2]. Anyadike, R.N.C Statistical Methods for Social and Environmental Science, Ibadan Spactrum Books, 2008 (Chapter 7).
[3]. Anup, K. C., Kedar, R. and Ramesh, P. S. Role of Ecotourism in Environmental Conservation and Socioeconomic Development in Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal. The International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology. 2015; 22(3): 251 – 258.
[4]. Braden, K. &Prudnikova, N. The Challenge of Ecotourism Development in the Altay Region of Russia. Tourism Geographies: An International Journal of Tourism Space, Place and Environment. 2008; 10(1): 1-21.
[5]. Cao H., Tong, M., Deng, H and Dong, R. Analysis of management effectiveness of natural reserves in Yunnan Province, China. International Journal of Sustainable Development &World Ecology. 2014; 21(1): 77-84.

Abstract: Several vegetable oils have been associated with beneficial or harmful effects on the cardiovascular system which arises from the level of saturation or unsaturation of such oils. A total of 20 rats were used for the experiment for a period of 21days. The rats were grouped into four according to the feed given to them which consisted of a normal rat feed control group( group A), formulated ration of rat feed and extra virgin olive oil group (group B), formulated ration of rat feed and canola oil group (group C), and formulated ration of rat feed and sunflower oil group (group D), all in a ratio of 4(feed):1(oil). At the end of the experiment, the blood was collected by cardiac puncture. The blood was collected in both plain bottles and EDTA anti-coagulatant bottles for analysis. The result showed that except for group B, all the groups showed significant increase (P<0.05) between their mean initial....

Keywords: Sunflower oil, canola oil, extra virgin olive oil, Catalase, MDA, ESR, and SOD.

[1]. Attorri L., Di Biase A., Di Benedetto R., Rigato P., Di Virgilio A., Salvati S. (2010). Micronutrient-enriched rapeseed oils reduce cardiovascular disease risk factors in rats fed a high-fat diet. Atherosclerosis, 213: 422–428.
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[3]. Eichenfield LF, McCollum A, Msika P. (2009) The benefits of sunflower oleodistillate (SOD) in pediatric dermatology. Pediatric Dermatology26(6): 669–675
[4]. Emmanuel, O. A and Mudiakeoghene, O. (2008). "The Use of Antioxidants in Vegetable Oils – A Review," African Journal of Biotechnology7(25): 4836-4842.
[5]. Gaschler M.M, Stockwell B.R (2017). Lipid peroxidation in cell death.Biochem.Biophy. Res. Commun. 482: 419-425.10.1016

Abstract: The present study was conducted to assess the contents of total iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) and their distribution in different layers of soils under natural forested and nearby agricultural sites of Bangladesh. The studied sites were located at Guimara of Khagrachari district and Thandachori of Rangamati districts respectively. Soil samples were collected from three different soil depths i.e. 0–15 cm (top), 15–55 cm (middle) and 55–85 cm (bottom) of each location. The soils of forested areas contained higher amounts of total micronutrients in three layers in comparison to that of agricultural areas. The study also revealed that total soil micronutrients like Fe, Mn and Cu of the studied areas were found relatively higher compared to that of other areas of Bangladesh. The middle soil layers of both forested and agricultural sites contained higher amounts of total.....

Keywords: Forested soils, agricultural soils, total micronutrients, soil layers, soil characteristics

[1]. Bergkvist B, Folkeson L, and Berggren D. Fluxes of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, and Ni in temperate forest ecosystems. A literature review. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution. 1989; 47: 217–286.
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[3]. Andersen, MK, Raulund-Rasmussen K, Strobel BW, and Hansen HCB. The effects of tree species and site on the solubility of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in soils. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution. 2004; 154: 357–370.
[4]. Suttona P, Maskalla J and Thorntonb I. Concentrations of major and trace elements in soil and grass at Shimba Hills National Reserve, Kenya. Applied Geochemistry. 2002; 17: 1003–1016.
[5]. Tyler G. Vertical distribution of major, minor, and rare elements in a Haplic Podzol. Geoderma. 2004; 119: 277–290.
[6]. Bruand A. Toward conditions favourable to mobility of trace elements in soils. Geosicence. 2005; 337: 549–550.
[7]. Fadigas FS, Moura N, Sobrinho A, Do NMB, Mazur N, and Anjos LHC. Estimation of Reference Values for Cadmium, Cobalt, Chromium, Copper, Nickel, Lead, and Zinc in Brazilian Soils. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 2006; 37: 945-959..

Abstract: This study was conducted for two years, from January 2017 to December 2018 to find out the phytoplankton diversity and its relationship with the physicochemical parameters of three ponds at Chittagong University Campus. Species compositions of phytoplankton was 42.86% Blue-Green Algae, 14.29% Green Algae, 28.57% Desmids and 14.29% Diatoms in pond 1, 33.33% Blue-Green Algae, 33.33% Green Algae and 33.33% Desmids in Pond 2 and 33.33% Blue-Green Algae, 50% Green Algae and 16.67% Desmids in pond 3. The total species of phytoplankton classes were recorded as 4, which included 7 species under 7 genera, 9 species under 9 genera and 6 species under 6 genera in the Ponds 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The more number of species of phytoplankton was observed in pond 2 than the other two ponds. Phytoplankton showed direct relationship with DO (Pond 1, r= 0.73, P<0.01), water temperature (Pond 1, r= 0.51, P<0.1), (Pond 3, r= 0.52, P<0.1), air temperature (Pond 1, r = 0.58, P<0.1) and an inverse relationship with transparency (Pond 1, r = -0.56, P<0.1)..

Keywords: Phytoplankton diversity, Physicochemical parameters, Ponds, Correlation

[1]. Ansari, E., Gadhia, M. and Ujjania, N.C. (2015). Phytoplankton Diversity and Water Quality Assessment of ONGC Pond, Hazira. International Journal of Research in Environmental Science (IJRES), 1(1): 1-5.
[2]. Ansari, S. and Singh, S.K. (2017). Limnological Studies with Reference to Phytoplankton Diversity in Ponds of Semi-Arid Zone of Western Uttar Pradesh. Biological Forum-An International Journal, 9(2): 129-147.
[3]. APHA (American Public Health Association) (2012). Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water. 22th edition, 800 I Street, NW Washington, DC.
[4]. Bhatnagar, A. and Devi, P. (2013). Water Quality Guidelines for the Management of Pond Fish Culture. International Journal of Environmental Sciences,3(6): 1980-2009.
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[6]. Chukwu, M.N. and Afolabi, E.S. (2017). Phytoplankton Abundance and Distribution of Fish Earthen Ponds in Lagos, Nigeria. J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage, 21(7): 1245-1249.

Abstract: In 1991, the world witnessed one of the worst environmental catastrophes in recorded history when approximately 700 Kuwaiti oil wells were destroyed and set ablaze during the conclusion of the Gulf War with Iraq. The environmental consequences were colossal. Millions of liters of liquid crude oil were released into the waters of the Arabian Gulf. The surrounding desert habitat was devastated, resulting in the destruction of native ecosystems and consequently impacting fauna and flora life in the affected areas. When the last of the fires were finally extinguished, Kuwait faced a dire environmental remediation challenge. Over 26 million cubic meters of soil was heavily contaminated within the oil field areas. The contamination came in several forms, including wet oil lakes, dry oil lakes, oil contaminated piles, tarcrete, wellhead pits. Moreover, in North West Kuwait along the coast line, coastal trenches were dug and filled with crude oil as well as explosive ordinance....

Keywords: Contaminated Features, EQUIS, and Environmental data.

[1]. D.H.Al-Gharabally,A.S.Al-Barood, "Kuwait Environmental Remediation Program (KERP):Comparison of contaminated soil in south and east Kuwait oil field," international petroleum conference, San Antonio, Texas, UAS, Nov,2017.
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Abstract: Introduction Comparative hypolipidemic properties of methanol extracts of Pupalia lappacea and Morinda lucida on diet-induced lipidemic rats were studied. Methodology: Thirty (30) rats weighing between 180g-200g ± 20g were assigned into six (6) groups having five (5) animals per group according to their weight (X ±20 g). Group A was the normal control and received normal rat pellets only, without extract and cholesterol. Group B received 1000mg/kg of cholesterol and normal rat pellets without extract. While groups C, D, E received 10mg/kg, 100mg/kg, 1000mg/kg of the plant extract plus 1000mg/kg of cholesterol and normal rat pellets, respectively in P. lappacea model, they received 100mg/kg, 2000mg/kg and 5000mg/kg of the plant.....

Key words: Hypolipidemia, High Density Lipoprotein, Low Density Lipoprotein, Cardiovascular Diseases, Phytotherapeutic Agents. 2,*for correspondence

[1]. Adesogan, E.K., (1973): Anthraquinones and anthraquinols from Morinda lucida: The biogenic significance of Oruwal and Oruwalol. Tetrahedron, 29: 4099-102.
[2]. Annamária Ónody, Csaba Csonka, Zoltán Giricz, Péter Ferdinandy, Hyperlipidemia induced by a cholesterol-rich diet leads to enhanced peroxynitrite formation in rat hearts, Cardiovascular Research, Volume 58, Issue 3, June 2003, Pages 663–670, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6363(03)00330-4
[3]. Asghar N, Mushtaq Z, Arshad MU, Imran M, Ahmad RS, Hussain SM. Phytochemical composition, antilipidemic and antihypercholestrolemic perspectives of Bael leaf extracts. Lipids Health Dis. 2018;17(1):68. Published 2018 Apr 3. doi:10.1186/s12944-018-0713-9
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[5]. Demonty I, Ras RT, van der Knaap HC, et al. Continuous dose-response relationship of the LDL-cholesterol-lowering effect of phytosterol intake. J Nutr. 2009;139(2):271-284. (PubMed).

Abstract: Remote sensing technology has been used to detect, prevent and manage heavy metal pollution of soils and plants. Heavy metals are generally defined as metallic elements whose densities are greater than 5.0 g cm-3 or metalloids whose densities might be less than 5.0 g cm-3 but with high propensities to cause toxicities in living systems. Soils and plants are highly vulnerable to heavy metal pollution and effective management of which should focus on prompt monitoring of vast geographical regions within very short time-frames. Remote sensing remains an indispensable tool for studying vast geographical areas of land without being in physical contact with the objects studied. Thus, the need for a review of the relevance of remote sensing in managing heavy metal pollution of soils and plants arises. Principles of spectroscopy, benefits of remote sensing and implications for use in managing heavy metal pollution.....

Key Words: Remote Sensing, Heavy Metals, Soils, Plants.

[1]. Aina, M., Matejka, G., Mama, D., Yao, B. & Moudachirou, M. (2009) Characterization of stabilized waste: evaluation of pollution risk. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 6(1), 159-165.
[2]. Al-Abbas, A. Swain, P. & Baumgardner, M. (1972) Relating organic matter and clay content to the multispectral radiance of soils. Soil Science, 114, 477 - 485.
[3]. Alloway, B. J. (1995) Heavy metals in soils. Blackie academic & professional, London. 212p.
[4]. Amukali, O. (2019) Effects of wastes on the concentration of heavy metals in soils and plants growing around auto-mechanic workshop clusters in Yenagoa metropolis. A Ph.D dissertation submitted to the Post Graduate School of Niger Delta University, Amassoma, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. 278p.
[5]. Barakat, M. (2011) New trends in removing heavy metals from residential waste water. Arabian Journal of Chemistry. 4(4), 361 – 377..

Abstract: Paracetamoloverdose has been widely implicated to cause toxicity. The post supplementation effect of almond and vitamin E in ameliorating paracetamol induced liver and renal toxicity is imperative. This study investigated the post supplementation antioxidant effects of almond seeds, vitamin E and their combination in paracetamol induced nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in albino rats. Fifty- one (51) male albino rats were divided into nine (9) groups (A-I). Groups A, B and C served as normal control, post-treatment control and pretreatment control respectively. Groups D, E and F are the post-treatment test groups. The various test groups in the post-treatment groups were given almond seeds, vitamin E and combined treatment by oral gavage for 14 days. 3g/kg b.w paracetamol was used to induce hepatorenal toxicity in the paracetamol control and test groups of the post-treatment groups on day 1 before commencement of treatment while paracetamol control and test groups of the pre-treatment groups were induced on day 14 after treatment. The animals were sacrificed on day 15. Laboratory investigations carried out include renal indices (Urea and Creatinine), liver enzymes (AST, ALT and ALP), lipid profile (TC, TG, HD......

Keywords: Renal, Hepatic, Lipids, Antioxidants, Toxicity, Almond, Vitamin E, Paracetamol

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[2]. Larson, A. M., Polson, J., Fontana, R. J., Davern, T. J., Lalani, E., Hynan, L. S, Reisch, J. S., Schiødt, F. V., Ostapowicz, G., Shakil, A. O.&Lee, W. M., (2005). Acute Liver Failure Study Group. Acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure: results of a United States multicenter, prospective study. Hepatology, 42(6): 1364-1372.
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Abstract: Indiscriminate release of hydrocarbon squander such as, spent motor oil (SEO) in the environment is becoming worrisome due to its likely effect on the soil ecosystem. The study assessed the capacity of some bacterial isolates to utilize spent motor oil. A total of fifteen (15) bacteria isolate comprising 4 distinct species of Bacillus, 3 Pseudomonas, 3 Citrobacter species, 3 Monococcus species and 2 Acinetobacter species were isolated. The ability of the pure culture and mixed bacterial consortium to degrade spent motor oil was tested in a shake- flask culture containing mineral salt medium (MSM) supplemented with 2% (V/v) spent motor oil and 5% (V/v) bacteria isolate and the residual hydrocarbon content was measured gravimetrically after 28days of incubation. The percentage utilization of the pure isolates were 78.20%, 74.82%, 56.28%, 61.28%and 50.66% after 28 days of incubation for Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Monococcus, Acinetobacter and Citrobacter species respectively while the consortium of bacteria degraded 89.27% of spent motor oil under similar conditions. Thus, the consortium of bacteria was more effective in the degradation of SMO in soil. Based on our findings, we recommend the use of bacterial isolates for remediation of spent oil contaminated soil since it is eco-friendly.

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Abstract: The challenge to meet water needs has provided impetus for the re-invention of old technologies for harvesting rainwater and storm (flood).One of such,is the development of large scale artificial storm water basin by the construction firm handling the "Ochudo" city Secretariat project in Abakiliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. The storm water reservoir which is an artificial water dam covers an expansive area of approximately 70,000m2 with depths varying between 7ft and near 10ft and is fed by flood water from tributaries of riparian waterways and flood paths which drain into the excavation. Apart from flood, the reservoir is also fed by grey water from effluent receptacles from some parts of the city. As construction of the city estate nears completion with the prospects of occupation,.....

Keywords: Storm water;water quality; surveillance; microbial load; perturbations

[1]. Ezeh H.N. and Anike O.L. (2009), The Preliminary Assessment of the Pollution Status of Streams and Artificial Lakes Created by Mining in the Mining District of Enyigba, Southeastern Nigeria, and their Consequences, Global Journal of Environmental Sciences, 8(1), 41-48.
[2]. Iwuanyanwu, Chukwuemeka Paschal (2014). Geotechnical properties of mine dumps at Enyigba and Ameri mines, Abakaliki Local Government and potential use for highway construction. A Master of Science degree thesis in Engineering Geology, Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. P18.
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Abstract: Flours were obtained from Bambara groundnut (B), Soybean (S), Lima bean (L), and Acha (A), these were blended with commercial wheat semolina (W) in the ratio of 50:30:20 to produce ABW, ASW, ALW blends while Wheat- semolina(100:0) and Acha-wheat semolina (70:30) were the control blends. These blends were used to produce couscous applying agglomeration process followed by steaming and drying. The raw materials (flours), modified and the control couscous (C). ABWC, ASWC, ALWC, WC and AWC were subjected to physical, functional, chemical, microbiological and sensory evaluation using approved procedures. The moisture of the refined flours, crude Protein, crude fat, total ash, crude fibre and the carbohydrate contents varied significantly(p<0.05): 9.32-11.29%, 7.69-36.27%, 1.32-21.91%, 0.90-4.50%, 1.12-3.37% and 24.59-74.47% respectively. The legume flours had higher crude fibre, ash, crude fat,and crude protein contents than the wheat-semolina and acha flour.The granular size distribution of the various couscous were of medium sized category with mass fraction.....

Keywords: couscous, composite flour, pulses, acha,wheat semolina, alimentary paste

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Abstract: The distribution of cadmium content in the residential area around the Semarang West Flood Canal was carried out by analyzing the element content of cadmium in the community's well water and river water.In addition to knowing the presence of heavy metal infiltration in the form of pollutants is done by the dipole-dipole geoelectric method and to determine the structure of the subsoil area. Based on the low resistivity value, the difference in height between the well and the river and the AAS test results prove that seepage occurred from the river to the residents well.This research carried out around the river in the Dorowati area in Tawang Mas Village and Panggung Kidul in Tanggul Mas Village. At the Dorowati location in the first to the third lane, the resistivity value of 0.762 - 5.42 Ωm can be predicted as a pollutant. At the Kidul Stage on the first to the third trajectory, the resistivity value of 1.81 - 4.58 Ωm can be predicted as a pollutant. Based on the results of the AAS test, the content of cadmium heavy metals in river water and well water is Cd or cadmium with concentrations between 0.096 - 0.108 mg / L.

Keywords: Resistivity, AAS test, Cadmium concentration

[1]. Ololade, I. A., 2014. An Assessment of Heavy-Metal Contamination in Soils within Auto-Mechanic Workshops Using Enrichment and Contamination Factors with Geoaccumulation Indexes, Journal of Environmental Protection 5, pp: 970-982.
[2]. Rey, J., Martínez, J., Hidalgo, M.C, and Rojas, D. 2013. Heavy Metal Pollution in The Quaternary Garza Basin: A Multidisciplinary Study of The Environmental Risks Posed By Mining (Linares, Southern Spain). Catena 110, pp: 234–242
[3]. Dias, L., Deize, S., Sandra,M.C.P, Fernandes, S., Teixeira, R., Celligoi, A., and Antonia, L.H.D. 2012. Geophysical Technique and Groundwater Monitoring to Detect Leachate Contamination in The Surrounding Area of A Landfill – Londrina (PR – Brazil). Elsevier. 113, 481 – 487.
[4]. Hamzah, U., Jeeva, M., and Ali, N.A.M. 2014. Electrical Resistivity Techniques and Chemical Analysis in the Study of Leachate Migration at Sungai Sedu Landfill. Asian Journal of Applied Science 7, pp: 518 - 535.
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[6]. Danusaputro, H., Sutanto, H., and Rahmawati, T. 2017. Identification of the Distribution of Pollutants with Resistivity Method of Dipole-Dipole Configuration at the Area of Kaligarang River Central Java. Advanced Science Letters 23, pp:6609–6612..

Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the effectiveness of the implementation of plastic bags ban in Nakuru town, Kenya. Design/methodology/approach –Descriptive cross-sectional research design was adopted for the study. The target population comprised of 500 traders in Nakuru retail market located in Central Business District. Stratified sampling techniques were used to pick a sample size of 167 respondents. Three data gathering tools namely a questionnaire, an interview guide and an observation schedule were used. The reliability of the instruments was computed by using Cronbach-Alpha reliability coefficient. A reliability coefficient of 0.883 was produce which was above the recommended threshold of 0.7 and thus the instruments were deemed reliable. Collected data was analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively by usage of frequency counts, means, percentages and thematically......

Keywords: plastics, environmentaldegradation, non-biodegradable,waste management

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[5]. Ajzen, I., Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. Englewood Cliffs, J: Prentice Hall.

Abstract: Background: The practice of determining water quality before usage and consumption of water resources globally can never be over-emphasized due to proliferating natural and anthropogenic issues that pollutes both surface and groundwater everywhere. It is therefore everyone's responsibility to be aware of the necessity to protect the water resources around us. This study utilized an integrated approach of descriptive statistics, multivariate statistics, geostatistics (kriging) and Pollution Index to measure the quality of water in Ilorin metropolis.
Materials and Methods: Water samples were collected from hand-dug wells across the metropolis and were analysed for physicochemical parameters such as T°, TBD, pH, EC, TDS, TH, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, F, NH3, NO3-, and NO2. Also, heavy metals constituents as Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Zn and Fe, which were compared to the NSDWQ standards. Descriptive.......

Key Word:Water Quality; Pearson Correlation; Multivariate Statistics;Geostatistics; Pollution Index

[1]. Odipe OE, Sawyerr HO, Adewoye SO. Filling Stations and Their Effects on Groundwater Quality in Ilorin Metropolis. International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy. 2020 Feb 20;8(1):11.
[2]. Odipe OE, Sawyerr HO, Adewoye SO. Characterized Organic Pollutants and Their Health Effects in Sampled Groundwater Around Ilorin Metropolis. International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy. 2020 Apr 30;8(2):36.
[3]. Jothivenkatachalam K, Nithya A, Mohan SC. Correlation analysis of drinking water quality in and around Perur block of Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu, India. Rasayan Journal of Chemistry. 2010;3(4):649-54.
[4]. Gorai AK, Kumar S. Spatial distribution analysis of groundwater quality index using GIS: a case study of Ranchi Municipal Corporation (RMC) area. GeoinformGeostatOverv. 2013;1:2.
[5]. Edet AE, Offiong OE. Evaluation of water quality pollution indices for heavy metal contamination monitoring. A study case from Akpabuyo-Odukpani area, Lower Cross River Basin (southeastern Nigeria). GeoJournal. 2002 Aug 1;57(4):295-304

Abstract: Background: The energy sector is highlighted in the development context and provides subsidies to the national economy. In this context, there are several projects aimed at the implantation of hydroelectric plants in Amazonian territories, due to the measurable potential of the hydrographic basins. The Belo Monte Hydroelectric Plant, located in the southeast of the state of Pará, was installed from the diversion of the Xingu River course, which enabled the operation of these plants. The works started in 2011 and are still being finalized. Therefore, we present information on the environmental impacts generated. To this end, the method used consisted of a bibliographic survey in order to obtain a theoretical basis, and the use of the Geographic Information System (GIS) as a geoprocessing tool......

Keywords: remote sensing, Belo Monte, SCP

[1]. CRÓSTA, A. P. Processamento Digital de Imagens de Sensoriamento Remoto. 4. ed. Campinas: IG/UNICAMP, 2002.
[2]. DE CASTRO OLIVEIRA, Guilherme et al. CLASSIFICAÇÃO SUPERVISIONADA COMO FERRAMENTA PARA AVALIAÇÃO DA DINÃMICA DO USO E COBERTURA DO SOLO.
[3]. JENSEN, J. R. Sensoriamento Remoto do ambiente: uma perspectiva em recursos terrestres. São José dos Campos: Parêntese, 2009.
[4]. LILLESAND, T. M.; KIEFER, R. W.; CHIPMAN, J. W. Remote sensing and image interpretation. 6. ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2008.
[5]. MORAES, R.M. Sensoriamento Remoto e Classificação de Imagens. Joaõ Pessoa: Departamento de Estatística, CCEN – UFPB, 1999. Disponível em: . Acessado em: 03maio2016.

Abstract: In recent years, the emphasis of waste management regimes across the globe has digressed from the routine control of waste disposal activities, to include goals for waste prevention and recovery. This demanding reality specifically anchors on the need to reconcile economic and environmental objectives in waste management. The economic and environmental gains of waste management have been sufficiently documented, and these include job creation, reduced dependence on finite natural resources alongside the huge costs associated with extraction and processing, conserving natural resources, preventing environmental pollution, and a host of other tangible benefits (Zaman, 2016; De Feo et al, 2019). Plastics accounts significantly for larger proportion....

[1]. Abad, A. V., Cherrett, T., & Holdsworth, P. (2015). Waste-to-fuel opportunities for British quick service restaurants: A case study. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 104, 239-253. [2]. Abubakar, A., Umaru, K., & David, S. S. (2019). AN APPRAISAL OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN MINNA, NIGER STATE: POLICY AND PLANNING IMPLICATION TO NIGERIAN CITIES. AU-eJournal of Interdisciplinary Research (ISSN: 2408-1906), 4(2). [3]. Abubakar, A., Umaru, K., & David, S. S. (2019). AN APPRAISAL OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN MINNA, NIGER STATE: POLICY AND PLANNING IMPLICATION TO NIGERIAN CITIES. AU-eJournal of Interdisciplinary Research (ISSN: 2408-1906), 4(2). [4]. Adeleke, M. A. (2018). Indiscriminate Solid Waste Dumping Sites and Its Public Health Implications in Osogbo, Southwestern Nigeria. Annales of West University of Timisoara. Series of Biology, 21(2), 143. [5]. AlQattan, N., Acheampong, M., Jaward, F. M., Ertem, F. C., Vijayakumar, N., & Bello, T. (2018). Reviewing the potential of Waste-to-Energy (WTE) technologies for Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) numbers seven and eleven. Renewable Energy Focus, 27, 97-110..

Abstract: A water quality sensor device has been developed, which can sense and transmit the water quality online through IOT based controllers, and the resulting real-time data can be accessed on the web. The water quality sensor device is compact, inexpensive, easy to use, and can be installed at different types of locations. The data can be accessed at multiple locations anywhere, analyzed, and in case of any discrepancy from the permissible limits of pollutants, an alarm is set off so that the necessary action can be taken. The parameters selected for water quality monitoring are pH, Turbidity, and TDS, and sensors for these parameters have been used. The sensors are integrated through one pipeline and can be installed at the input of the water purifier or main water pipeline to monitor water quality.....

Keywords: Sensor, water quality, pH, Turbidity, TDS, online

......

Abstract: Background: Hunger during school may prevent children from benefiting from education. Although many countries have implemented school feeding programs, school-feeding programs are popular development assistance programs in both developed and developing countries, but have previously had few sound, empirical assessment and analyses of their effectiveness on academic performance in most developing countries like Nigeria. The study assessed the National Home Grown School Feeding Programme of primary school pupils in Oyo State, Nigeria. It was done with a view to determine its impacts on academic achievement of the pupils as well as the impact of the programme on the attendance of pupils and learning environment of the selected schools, the study also elicit the limitations of the programme in implementation. Materials and Methods: The study is a descriptive research design.....

Keywords: School feeding programme, NHGSFP, academic acheivement and school feeding programme

[1]. Adekunle, D. T., & Christiana, O. O. (2016). The Effects of School Feeding Programme on Enrolment and Performance of Public Elementary School Pupils in Osun State, Nigeria. World Journal of Education, 6(3), 39-47.
[2]. Alderman, H., & Bundy, D. (2011). School feeding programs and development: are we framing the question correctly?. The World Bank Research Observer, 27(2), 204-221.
[3]. Atta, G. P., & Manu, J. (2015). Ghana School Feeding Program: A Retrospective Review. International Journal of Innovative Research and Development, 4(8), 402-410.
[4]. Ayogu, R. N., Eme, P. E., Anyaegbu, V. C., Ene-Obong, H. N., &Amazigo, U. V. 2018). Nutritional value of school meals and their contributions to energy and nutrient intakes of rural school children in Enugu and Anambra States, Nigeria. BMC Nutrition, 4(1), 9.
[5]. Chepkwony B.C., Karinuki B.M., &KOsgei L.J., (2013). School Feeding Programme and Its Impact on Academic Acheivement in ECDE in Roret Division, Bureti District in Kenya. Journal of Emerging Trends in Educational Research and Policy Studies [JETERAPS] 4[3] 407-420 [ISSN: 2141-6990]

Abstract: This study aims to develop an institutional model that is suitable for urban development and urban community development, based on ISM (Interpretative Structural Modeling) analysis. ISM analysis results show the key factors that determine the success of the realization of clean water supply infrastructure is government policy, there are 8 main challenges in realizing clean water supply infrastructure based on ISM analysis, namely: (a) There is no connection with the construction of the Smart Tank, (b) the lack of development Smart Tank, (c) there is no Smart Tank development policy, (d) there is no Smart Tank development, (e) Smart Tank criteria are needed, (f) there is no evaluation of the community, (g) there is no Smart Tank design, (h )) there has been no sanctions for the construction of the Smart Tank....

Keywords: Development; SmartTank; Infrastructure Water Supply; ISM.

[1]. Aaltone K, Jaako K, Toumas O. 2008. Stakeholder salience in global projects.International Journal Project Management.26(5):509-516.
[2]. Attri R, Nikhil D, Sharama V. 2013. Intepretative structural modelling (ISM) approach: an overview. Research Journal of Management Science. 2(2): 3-8.
[3]. Chaffin BC, Garmestani AS, Gosnell H, Craig RK. 2016. Institutional networks and adaptive water governance in Klamath River Basin, USA. EnvironmentalScience and Policy. 57(3): 112-121.
[4]. Chandramowli S, Transue M, Felder AF. 2011. Analysis of barriers to development in landfill communities using interpretative stucturalmodelling. HabitatInternational. 35(2011): 246-253. [5]. Eriyatno. 2012. Systems Science: Improving Management Quality and Effectiveness. Bogor-Indonesia (ID): GunaWidya..

Abstract: Soil acidification is a major drawback to efficient crop production and actualization of global food security goal. Conventional liming materials such as limestone, quicklime and slaked lime have been widely used in its management. Organic carbon depletion, inability to substantially improve concentrations of soil macro nutrients especially phosphorus and nitrogen, loss of soil aggregate stability and high procurement cost by poor resource farmers are associated with use of conventional liming materials. These have opened research areas to soil and environmental scientists in developing other environmental friendly options in managing this soil menace. Use of organic materials such as green manure, animal manure, composted biomass, modified/fortified.....

Keywords: Plant residues, compost, phospho-compost, tropical acid soils, conventional liming materials

[1]. FAO, 2012. Managing living soils. Global soil partnership international technical workshop, Rome, Italy, 2012, 20-25.
[2]. Noble, AD, Zenneck, I, Randall, PJ. Leaf litter ash alkalinity and neutralization of soil acidity. Plant and Soil1996, 179: 293-302.
[3]. Akinrinde, EA. Strategies for improving crop use – efficiency of fertilizer nutrients in sustainable agricultural system. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 2006, 5: 185 – 293.
[4]. Sahrawat, KL, Jones, MP, Diatta, S. The role of tolerant genotypes and plant nutrients in the management of acid soil infertility in upland rice. In: management and conservation of tropical acid soils for sustainable crop production. Proceedings of consultants meeting organized by the Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, 2000, 32 pp.
[5]. Harter, RD. Acid soils of the tropics. Echo Technical Note, 2000, 1-11 pp..

Abstract: Fluoride is found in all natural waters resources to some degree. It can be extremely high in groundwater, depending on a number of factors, such as the types of rocks and minerals of that region. Drinking water is the one of the major source of fluoride consumption in India. Except that a variety of vegetables and fruits, grains, meat, poultry and fish (especially canned fish), milk and tea; most natural foods have minor levels of fluoride, but there are a few exceptions. Tea leaves, processed foods and beverages such as sodas, juices, sports drinks, baby foods, etc., are often high in fluoride. Fluoride toxic effects that contribute to multiple health problems, including lowered IQ, dental fluorosis, bone weakness and fractures, immune and endocrine dysfunction..

Keywords: Environmental Conditions, Water Analysis, and Morphological symptoms

[1]. Environmental health criteria for fluorine and fluorides. Geneva: WHO; 1984. p 1-136.
[2]. Carlson CH, Armstrong WD, Singer L. Distribution and excretion of radiofluoride in the human. Proc Soc Exp Biol (NY) 1960;104: 235-9.
[3]. Jacyszyn K, Marut A. Fluoride in blood and urine in humans administered fluoride and exposed to fluoride-polluted air. Fluoride 1986;19(1):26-32.
[4]. Krishnamachari KAVR. Further observations on the syndrome of genu valgum of South India. Indian J Med Res 1976;64(2):284-91.
[5]. Pandit CG, Raghavachari TNS, Rao DS, Krishnamurthi V. Endemic fluorosis in South India: A study of factors involved in the production of mottled enamel in children and severe bone manifestations in adults. Indian J Med Res 1940;28:533-35.

Abstract: The current study was carried out to assess the surface water quality, percentage of heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, chromium, manganese and nickel from Ramgonj, Raipur, Kamalnagor, Ramgoti and Lakshmipur. Water samples of the surface water resources were collected from different points of various areas. These were collected from ponds, lakes, tube wells in various zones of Lakshmipur district. The result showed that the concentrations Pb for 15 water samples were crossed the acceptable limit according to World Health Organization (WHO). Besides, the concentrations of Cd and Cr were also above the permissible level for each water sample. But the concentrations of Co and Ni in water samples were not above the standard values. The study was also carried out to.....

Keywords: Heavy metals, Laxmipur, Soil, water, vegetable, fish, Bangladesh.

[1]. Baroni L, Cenci L, Tettamenti M, Berati M. Evaluating the environmental impact of various dietary patterns combined with different food production systems. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2007; 61(2): 279 – 286.
[2]. Siegel KR, Ali MK, Srinivasiah A, Nugent RA. Narayan KMV (2014) Do we produce enough fruits and vegetables to meet global health need? PLoS One. 9:e104059. 2014.
[3]. Chauhan G and Chauhan U K. Human health risk assessment of heavy metals via dietary intake of vegetables grown in wastewater irrigated area of Rewa, India. International Journal of Scientific Research and Publications. 2014; 4(9):1–9.
[4]. Sharma R K, Agrawal M and Marshall F M. Atmospheric deposition of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) in Varanasi City, India. EnvironmentalModeling & Assessment. 2008; 142 (1-3): 269–278.
[5]. Buchauer M J. Contamination of soil and vegetation near a zinc smelter by zinc, cadmium, copper, and lead. Environmental Science & Technology. 1973; 7(2): 131–135..

Abstract: Solid wastes are infectious and toxic to humans and the environment. This study was aimed at evaluating hepatic function and oxidative stress markers of solid waste management workers in Yenagoa Metropolis, Bayelsa State.Blood samples was collected from apparently healthy male subjects aged 20-40 years. Biochemical parameters: AST, ALT, Total protein, Albumin, Total and conjugated bilirubin, catalase, glutathione, superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde were analyzed using spectrophotometer. Results showed statistically significant (p<0.05) increase in conjugated bilirubin (6.95±3.89) and AST (14.17 ±4.22) among test sample compared with the control (2.30±1.14 and9.08±2.15 respectively).STotal protein (69.60±5.58) and albumin (37.39±4.89) showed a statistically significant (p<0.05) reduction in the exposed subjects when compared with the control (69.60±5.58....

Keywords: Solid Wastes; Liver function tests; Oxidative stress markers

[1]. Ezeh, N. P. Adienbo1, O. M. & Nwoke, K. U. (2017). Some Occupations and Their Effects on Hematological Parameters of Exposed Individuals in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. International journal of science and research methodology. Vol. 8. Issue 2. pp. 50-57.
[2]. Al-Khatib, I.A. Monou, M. Abdul, S.F. Hafez, Q.S., & Despo, K. (2010). Solid, waste characterization, quantification and management practices in developing countries. A case study Nablus district – Palestine.
[3]. Navarro, F. & Vincenzo, T. (2019). Waste Mismanagement in Developing Countries:A Review of Global Issues. International Journal of Environmental Restriction Public Health. Vol. 16. Issue 6. pp. 1060.
[4]. Aliyu, A. A. & Shehu, A.U. (2006). Occupational hazards and safety measures among stone quarry workers in Northern Nigeria. Nigerian Medical Practice. Vol. 50. Issue 2. pp. 42–47.
[5]. Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures. Available at: [9] Official Journal of the European Union L 353, 31 December 2008, pp. 1-1354..

Abstract: Background This study investigated the air quality impact of seasonal variations on the Particulates Matter distribution in parts of Port Harcourt metropolis. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out using complete randomized block design in factorial experiment. Two (2) Factorials were used (with factor A as Season and B as Location). The experiment was conducted in dry and raining seasons along the 3 locations (Makoba-station 1, Elekahia-station 2 and Rivers State University-station 3). An aerostat SPM 531 particle A met -1 aerosol mass monitor was used to measure respirable particulate and total suspended particles; using photochemical filtration pump/filter glass as its measurement principle.....

Keywords: Seasonal Variations, Black Soot, Particulate Matters, Environment, Port Harcourt

[1]. Jacqueline Whalley and Sara Zandi (2016). Particulate Matter Sampling Techniques and Data Modelling Methods, Air Quality - Measurement and Modeling, Philip Sallis, Intech Open, DOI: 10.5772/65054. Available from: https://www.intechopen.com/books/air-quality-measurement-andmodeling/Particulate-matter-sampling-techniques-and-data-modelling-methods. Accessed 24th May, 2020
[2]. SPDC (2017). Soot Report: Ambient Air Characterization of Selected Areas in Port Harcourt. Port Harcourt: Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria.
[3]. Rivers State Ministry of Environment (2017). Report on Particulate Matter (Soot) Analysis Study on some Parts of Port Harcourt. Government of Rivers State of Nigeria, 16pp
[4]. Marinoni, A., Cristofanelli, P., Laj, P., Duchi, R., Calzolari, F., Decesari, S., Sellegri, K., Vuillermoz, E., Verza, G. P., Villani, P., and Bonasoni, P(2010) .: Aerosol mass and black carbon concentrations, a two year record at NCO- P (5079 m, Southern Himalayas), Atmos.Chem. Phys., 10, 8551–8562, doi:10.5194/acp-10-8551- 2010, 2010.
[5]. Jimenez J L, Canagaratna M R, Donahue N M, Prevot A S H, Zhang Q, et al. (2009) Evolution of organic aerosols in the atmosphere. Science 326: 1525-1529..

Abstract: In the context of the ongoing Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic, the availability of safe water and sanitation in Africa isessential for the implementation of safe hand hygiene, which is a crucial intervention for preventing transmission of COVID-19. Fifty per cent and above of the total population in 37 (71.2%) countries, 7 (13.5%) countries, and34 (89.5%) countriesdid not at least basic sanitation services, basic drinking-water, and basic handwashing facilities at home, respectively.

Keywords: Basic drinking water; Basic handwashing facilities; Basic sanitation services;COVID-19

[1]. United Nations. Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. United Nations General Assembly Resolution A/RES/70/1. New York: UN; 2015.
[2]. World Health Organization (WHO). Global Health Observatory. http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.WSHSANITATION?lang=en. Access 13 May 2020.
[3]. WHO. Global Health Observatory data repository. Water, sanitation and hygiene.http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.46?lang=en. Accessed 14 May 2020.
[4]. WHO. Critical preparedness, readiness and response actions for COVID-19: Interim guidance. Document WHO/COVID-19/Actions/v1. Geneva: WHO; 2020.

Abstract: Post-harvest losses of horticultural crops cause huge financial, food and nutritive losses in developing countries. One of the major causes for such losses is lack of proper storage infrastructures. There is a need to develop low cost storage structures that can attain and maintain low temperature and high relative humidity (RH). The evaporative cool chamber is a better option as a low cost storage chamber. Evaporative cool chambers are constructed with bricks. Due to high cost of bricks in most areas of Ethiopia, the construction of evaporative cool chambers using bricks is not affordable for common farmers. In the present studies use of bamboo mat and gunny bags was explored as an alternate material in place of bricks for construction of cool chambers. Both bamboo mat and gunny bags were found suitable for attaining low temperature and high humidity in the storage chambers. There was no significant difference in the mean relative humidity and temperature values of Brick chamber and Bamboo mat chamber. Even no significant temperature difference in Brick chamber and Gunny bag chamber.....

Keywords: cool chambers, bamboo mat, low cost storage chambers, evaporative cooling, papaya, bamboo mat cool chamber, gunny bag cool chamber.

[1]. Coulomb, D. (2008) "Refrigeration and the cold chain serving the global food industry and creating a better future: two key IIR challenges for improving health and environment‟, Trends in Food Science and Technology, Vol. 19, No. 8, pp.413–417.
[2]. Kader, A.A. (2010) "Handling horticultural perishables in developing countries versus developed countries‟, ActaHorticulturae, Vol. 877, No. 6, pp.121–126.
[3]. Kitinoja, L., AlHassan, HA., Saran, S., and Roy , S.K. (2010). Identification of appropriate post-harvest technologies for improving market access and income for small horticultural farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Invited papers inthree parts of of the IHC Postharvest Symposium Lisbon, August 23, 2010 (Cited in Wileyonlinelibrary.com DOI 10.1002/ jsfa.4295; January 2011)
[4]. Bradford KJ, Dahal P, Asbrouck JV, Kunusoth K, Bello P, Thompson J, Wu F (2018). The dry chain: Reducing postharvest losses and improving food safety in humid climates. Trends in food Science and Technology 71:84-93. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2017.11.002
[5]. Sun W, Zheng L (2006). Vacuum cooling technology for the agri-food industry: Past, present and future. Food engineering 77:203-214.

Abstract: Background: Mamey (Mammea americana L.) is a tropical species that produces a climacteric fruit which is liked for its color and taste. Mainly consumed raw, or as jam or nectar, there is now growing interest in other edible forms of this fruit to extend its availability while preserving its nutritional qualities. In Martinique, a phenotypical diversity is observed as well as variations in the biochemical characteristics of the fruit. The aim of our study is to compare eight accessions specific to Martinique under agronomic, physicochemical and processing characteristics with the objective of identifying the most suitable accessions for agro-industrial applications.
Materials and Methods: A four-year agronomic study was conducted from 2013 to 2016, focused on fruit yield, weight and harvest period. A processing trial was conducted on a laboratory scale on samples at the same maturity stage from......

Key words: Mammea americana L.,, mamey, accessions, agronomy, physicochemical characteristics, processing yield

[1]. L. Gervais and C. Lavigne, "Mamey (Mammea americana L.) in Martinique Island: an inheritance to be developed," Fruits, vol. 62, no. 4, pp. 237–246, 2007, doi: 10.1051/fruits:2007019.
[2]. O. Duarte and R. Paull, Exotic Fruits and Nuts of the New World. CABI, 2015.
[3]. T. K. Lim, Edible Medicinal And Non-Medicinal Plants: Volume 2, Fruits. Springer Netherlands, 2012.
[4]. C. Lémus, E. J. Smith-Ravin, and O. Marcelin, "Mammea americana: a review of traditional uses, phytochemistry and biological activities," J. Herb. Med., vol. (accepted for publication), 2020.
[5]. M. Dunthorn, "Cryptic dioecy in Mammea (Clusiaceae)," Plant Syst. Evol., vol. 249, no. 3–4, pp. 191–196, Nov. 2004, doi: 10.1007/s00606-004-0184-5..

Abstract: Backgound: Households solid waste are dumped at any nearest dumpsites to the deposite. As a result of high temperature, These wastes are heated to generate Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons.This study is to show distintly and comparinly the Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contermination level on soil at the solid waste dumpsites around the uncontrolled soild waste dumpsites clusters around market areas, semi- indusrial areas and residendial areas. Materials and Methods:Each soil sample with corresponding control sample making a total of 30 soil samples were collected at depth 0 - 15 cm using an auger fromspecified different locations and analyzed at the Rivers State University, Institute of Pollution Studies Research Laboratory using Gas Chromatography.Data were analysed using descriptive statistics....

Keywords: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon, Solid Waste, Dumpsites, Contermination, Soil

[1]. Edori, O.S. Ekpete, O.A. Iyama, W.A. (2019). Concentrations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons fromSelected Dumpsites Within Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State, Niger Delta, Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Science & Natural Resources. 2 (4). [2]. Gabos, S., M.G. Ikonomou, D. Schopflocher, B.R. Fowler, J. White, E. Prepas, D. Prince and W. Chen2001. Characteristics of PAHs, PCDD/Fs and PCBs in sediment following forest fires in northern Alberta. Chemosphere 43: 709-719. [3]. Godson, R. Ana1.,Mynepalli,E., K. Sridhar, C., Godwin, O., Emerole. (2009). A Comparative AssessmentOf Soil Pollution by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in two Niger Delta CommunitiesNigeria.African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 3(3), 031-041. [4]. Kreitinger, J.P., A. Quiñones-Rivera, E.F. Neuhauser, M. Alexander, and S.B. Hawthorne. (2007).Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction as a Predictor of Polycyclic Aromatic HydrocarbonBioaccumulation and Toxicity by Earthworms in Manufactured-Gas Plant site soils. EnvironToxicol. Chem. 26(9). [5]. Lee, W.S., Chang-Chien, G.P., Wang, L.C., Lee, W.J., Tsai, P.J., Wu, K.Y. and Lin, C. (2004). SourceIdentification of PCDD/Fs for Various Atmospheric Environments in a Highly IndustrializedCity. Environ. Sci. Technol. 38: 4937-4944...

Abstract: Chronic exposure to Arsenic (As) can cause not only the cancerous and non-cancerous health scenario but affects the socio-economic structure of any society also. Arsenic in groundwater above the maximum permissible limit of 0.05 mg 1-1 by WHO has been found in six districts of West Bengal covering an area of 34000 km² with a population of 30 million. At present, 37 administrative blocks in West Bengal along the River Ganga and adjoining areas are seriously affected. During last two decades, As-contamination via groundwater harvesting has become a serious worldwide issue and is now a major concern in the Bengal delta. Arsenic enters human body through contaminated groundwater by directly consumption of groundwater. Recent reports reveal the fact that about 20 % of the total population in West Bengal is highly affected by arsenic which is an alarming one. Various techniques are being introduced to provide arsenic-free drinking water at an affordable cost by both the central....

Keywords: Arsenic, Gangetic delta, chronic exposure, malnutrition, arsenic toxicity

[1]. Ahmed. F., Jalil, M.A., Ali, M.A., Hossain, M.D. and Badruzzaman, A.B.M, 2000.An overview of arsenic removal technologies, In Bangladesh Environment, M.F.Ahmed (Ed.), Bangladesh PoribeshAndolon, Pp 177- 188.
[2]. Chowdhury, U.K, Rahman, M.M., Mandal, B.K., Paul, K., Lodh, D., Biswas, B.K., 2001. Groundwater arsenic contamination and sufferings in West Bengal, India and Bangladesh. Environ. Sci. 8: 393-415.
[3]. Acharyya, S.K., 2006. Arsenic Contamination in Groundwater Affecting Major Parts of Southern West Bengal and Parts of Western Chattisgarh: Source and Mobilization Process. Curr. Sci. 82(6): 740-744.
[4]. Bhattacharya, P., Frisbie, S.H., Smith, E., Naidu, R., Jacks, G., Sarkar, B., 2002. Arsenic in the environment: a global perspective. In: Sarkar B, editor. Handbook of heavy metals in the environment. New York: Marcell Dekker, 147-215.
[5]. Chakraborti, D., Mukherjee, S.C., Pati, S., Sengupta, M.K., Rahman, M.M., Chowdhury, U.K., Lodh, D., Chanda, C.R., Chakraborti, A.K., Basu, G.K.., 2003. Arsenic Groundwater Contamination in Middle- Ganga Plain, Bihar, India: A Future Danger? Environ. Health Pers. 111(9): 1194-1201...

Abstract: Tradition holds it that the home is a haven, where people are protected and nurtured. For many, however, the home has become a health hazard when factors such as poverty, environmental contamination, and poor design combine to cause or exacerbate disease and accidents which sometimes leads to death. A largely pre-coded questionnaire, which had varied type of questions ranging from Open Ended, Multiple Choice and Fill-in-questions was designed to identify the factors that provide for safety at home. The target population for administration of the questionnaire comprised professional colleagues, friends, old collegeassociation groups, church members and.....

Keywords: Safety, Home, Environmental Quality, livability

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[3]. Burns, S. &Grebler, L. (1977). The Housing of Nations; Analysis and Policy in a Comparative Case Comparing Wealth Effects: The Stock Market versus the Housing Market. Advances in Macroeconomics 5 (1), 1–32.
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[5]. Federation Europeene d' Associations NationalesTravallant avec les Sans – Abri AISBL (FEANTSA), (2009). European Federation of National Organisations Working with the Homeless 'European Review of Statistics on Homelessness in Europe'. Brussels..