IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-14 ~ Issue-7 ~ July 2020

Abstract: The prevalence of undernutrition was assessed in Baiga women of Bilaspur, Kabirdham and Mungeli district of Chhattisgarh. The present study was conducted in three pre dominantly Baiga inhabited villages and the study revealed that the highest mean BMI was found to be 18.6 kg/m2. Only 26.36 % women were reported to be normal. 73.64% of women were categorized under underweight category and the health workers (ANMs) are playing a crucial role in providing antenatal checkups to pregnant women in the area under study with complete immunization. Institutional delivery was high but the consumption of calcium and folic tablets was observed to be low.

Key Word: Nutritional Status, BMI, Women, Maternal health, Baiga tribe, Anthropological

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[5]. Bloom, S. S., Wypij, D., & Gupta, M. D. (2001). Dimensions of women's autonomy and the influence on maternal health care utilization in a North Indian city. Demography, 38 (1), 67-78.

Abstract: Background: This study investigated the soil contamination levels from four Heavy metals (Mercury (Hg), Arsenic (As), Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd) in rainy and dry seasons at solid waste dumpsites in Port Harcourt, Rivers State Nigeria. located around markets and insemi-industrial and residential areas. The study will also investigate the seasonalatmospheric changes in temperature on the solid waste and the resultant effect on concentrations and contamination levels of these heavy metals Materials and Methods: Thirty soil samples were collected in each season and analyzed at the Rivers State University, Institute of Pollution Studies Research Laboratory using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Results for each season were subjected to further analysis such as graphical, statistical, Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and Principal Component analysis (PCA). Results: High mercury concentration values above the DPR permissible limit of 0.3mg/kg was recorded for soil in all dumpsites during in both seasons with.......

Keywords: Heavy metals,soil contamination, wastes, dumpsites

[1]. Anjanapriya, S. Lalitha, S. (2016). Preliminary Assessment of Heavy Metals in MunicipalSolid Waste Open Dump Sites around Madurai District. Discovery, 52(241), 160-165.
[2]. Asemave K, Anhwange B.A.(2012). Evaluation of heavy metals in waste dumpsites Germany, LambertAcademic Publishing; ISBN: 978-3-659-37380-0. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/ publication/2369049_32.
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[4]. Esakku, S. K. Palaniveluand, K.J. ( 2003) Assessment of Heavy Metals in a Municipal Solid Waste Dumpsite. Centre for Environmental Studies, Anna University, Chennai Workshopon Sustainable Landfill Management 3–5 December 2003, Chennai, India, 139-145
[5]. Hakanson, L. (1980) An Ecological Risk Index for Aquatic Pollution Control, a Sedimentological approachWater Res, 14, 975-1001..

Abstract: There is complexity in the problem associated with the management of solid wastes in today's society. Solid waste management is the most pressing environmental challenge faced by urban and rural areas of Nigeria, and despite a lot of policies and regulations, the management of the solid waste is assuming alarming proportions with each passing day. This study reviews current solid waste generation and management in Sabo Area of Mokola, Ibadan North Local Government of Oyo State. It was revealed that that the inhabitant of the area generate paper, nylon, wood, dust, cloth, metal scraps, electronic gadgets, bottles, food remnants and vegetables among others. Open burning.....

Keyword: Solid wastes, Ibadan North Local Government, Waste Generation, Waste Collection

[1]. Abel, O.A. (2009). An Analysis of Solid Waste Generation in a Traditional African City: the Example of Ogbomoso, Nigeria. Environment and Urbanization, SAGE Journals, 19(2): 527- 537.
[2]. Afon, A.0 (2007). "Informal Sector Initiative in the Primary Subsystem of Urban Solid Waste Management in Lagos, Nigeria," Habitat International, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 193–204.
[3]. Afon, A.O. (2005). Solid Waste Management in Selected Cities of Oyo State [Ph.D. dissertation], Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
[4]. Agunwamba, J.C., (2003). Analysis of Scavengers‟ Activities and Recycling in some Cities of Nigeria. Environmental Management 32 (1), 116–127.
[5]. Arimieari, L.W., Sangodoyin, A.Y. and Joe T. (2014). On the Assessment of Solid Waste Management in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Int. journ. Eng. & research. Tech. vol 3(8), 238-246..

Abstract: The present work deals with the assessment of the life-forms and biological spectrum of the freshwater bodies of Canchipur, Manipur. Altogether 50 aquatic plant species were enumerated, out of which 43 genera and 28 families were recorded. The plants were categorised into submerged (8 species), rooted with floating leaves (7 species), free floating (4 species) and emergent groups (31 species). Five live-form categories were recorded viz. Therophytes – 19 species (38.00%), Geophytes (Cryptophytes) – 11 species (22.00%), Errant Vascular Hydrophytes – 10 species (20.00%), Hemicryptophytes – 9 species (18.00%) and Chamaephytes – 1 species (2.00%). The biological spectrum of the study site revealed the dominance of therophytes over other life-forms. Therefore, the study area may be designated as thero-geophytic type of phytoclimate.

Keywords: Life-form, biological spectrum, freshwater, aquatic, phytoclimate

[1]. Meera A.G., Hagen M.A. and Orellana J.A.V. Aerophyte, a new life-form in Raunkiaer's classification. J. Veg. Sci., 1999; 10:65-68.
[2]. Shimwell D.W. The description and classification of vegetation. Sedgwick and Jackson, London. Pp. 322. 1971.
[3]. Cain S.A. & de Oliveria Castro G.M.O. Manual of Vegetation Analysis. Harper & Brothers, New York. 1959.
[4]. Tripti B. & Mukharjee A. Biological spectrum of Bankati Forest Areas in Burdwan District, West Bengal. Indian J. Sci. Res., 2011; 2(4):57-60.
[5]. Humboldt A. Ideen zu einer Physiognomik der Gewechra, Tubingeon. 1806..

Abstract: Background:Waterpollution caused by industrial wastewater is an important and hazardous problem faced by many countries. Biosorption is viewed as a valuable alternative for effluent treatment. Use of plant waste for industrial waste water treatment is attractive for industry as it may decrease the overall waste water treatment cost. Pineapple (Ananas comosus) is a tropical fruit which contains almost 40-45% of non-edible parts [1]. It is well established that the crown leaves of pineapple possess bio-adsorbing property. Therefore, the present study endeavour was carried out to study the use of crown leaves of pineapple for (a) bio-adsorption of chemical dyes like Methylene green, Congo red & Methyl orange and (b) to study its effect on polluted water parameters. Materials and Methods:(A) Pineapple crown leavesprocured from local fruit market Mumbai, were used as adsorbent. Three experimental dyesviz....

Key words: Pineapple; Sustainable development; Bio-adsorption; Adsorption; Physiochemical, Economically feasible.

[1]. Upadhyay, Atul & Lama, Jeevan &Tawata, Shinkichi. Utilization of Pineapple Waste: A Review. Journal of Food Science and Technology Nepal,2010, 6:10
[2]. VOLESKY, B. and HOLAN, Z.R. Biosorption of heavy metals. Biotechnology Progress, May – June 1995, vol. 11, no. 3, p. 235-250
[3]. Larrauri J A, Ruperez P. and Calixto F.S., Pineapple shell as a source of dietary fibre with associated phenols. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 1997, 45: 4028-4030.
[4]. Eric Malézieux, Duane P Bartholomew,The pineapple: botany, production and uses, 2003, 143-165.
[5]. FOA (2017), FOASTATS, http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#home, Accessed on 02-05-2020..

Abstract: Landslides were one of the major damage disasters which occur in the world. It frequently leads to serious problems in Hilly areas during the rainy season. In this present study, the multicriteria analysis techniques were used to determine the landslide Hazard zonation and also the various factors of different thematic layers such as geology, type of soil, land surface temperature, land cover, Level slope aspects of underground water and inclination of slope were integrated in GIS to outline landslide hazards. The critical hierarchy was used to find out the various weightage's values of different factors of thematic layers. The development of Landslide Hazard zonation map for Kotargiri was created on different techniques such as Ranking and weightages and overlay techniques.......

Key words: Landslide, Mapping, Kotagiri, Zonation, Hazard

[1]. Anbazhagan, S., Ramesh, V. Landslide hazard zonation mapping in ghat road section of Kolli hills, India. J. Mt. Sci. 11, 1308–1325 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-012-2618-9.
[2]. Dai, F. C., Lee, C. F., & Ngai, Y. Y. (2002). Landslide risk assessment and management: an overview. Engineering geology, 64(1), 65-87.
[3]. P. V. S. P. Prasada Raju and J. Saibaba, "Landslide hazard zonation mapping using remote sensing and geographic information system techniques-a case study of Pithoragarh area, U.P," IEEE 1999 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IGARSS'99 (Cat. No.99CH36293), Hamburg, Germany, 1999, pp. 577-579 vol.1, doi: 10.1109/IGARSS.1999.773570.
[4]. Thennavan, E., Pattukandan Ganapathy, G. Evaluation of landslide hazard and its impacts on hilly environment of the Nilgiris District - a geospatial approach. Geoenviron Disasters 7, 3 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40677-019-0139-3.
[5]. Bera, A., Mukhopadhyay, B.P. & Das, D. Landslide hazard zonation mapping using multi-criteria analysis with the help of GIS techniques: a case study from Eastern Himalayas, Namchi,South Sikkim. Nat Hazards 96, 935–959 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-019-03580-w..

Abstract: Water is one of the essentials that support all forms of life and studies had been carried out to ascertain the quality of drinking water, mainly by determination of heavy metals present. Several researchers have shown that heavy enter our body through the water we drink, air we breathe and food we eat and this is a potential threat to human health. Heavy metal pollution is a global challenge that requires joint efforts of governments, scientists, and communities and there is need for continuous monitoring of water quality. Therefore, in this study the levels of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Fe, As and Pb) were measured in water samples taken from Gombe, Pindiga and Yamalti-Deba using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer methods (AAS). The results showed that all the heavy metals were detected in all the water samples of Gombe, Pindiga and Yamalti-Deba and the order of concentration is Pb > Cr > Fe > Cd > As. The concentration of Pb ranges from 0.216±0.008 mg/L in Shangwam......

Key words: drinking water, quality, heavy metals, concentration, health risk, Gombe

[1]. M. M. Orosun, P. Tchokossa, L. I. Nwankwo, T. O. Lawal, S. A. Bello, S. O. Ige. Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Drinking Water Due to Mining and Smelting Activities in Ajaokuta, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Technological Development, 13 (1), (2016).
[2]. D. Kantoma, J. Yusuf and M. Y. Bidam. Assessment of Heavy Metals Concentration in Drinking Water Samples from Selected Areas of Kauru Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria. Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 10(1), (2017): 509 – 515.
[3]. I. S. El-Kowrany, E. A. El- Zamarany, K. A. El-Nouby, D. A. El-Mehy, E. A. Ali, A. A. Othman, W. Salah, A. A. El-Ebiary. Water pollution in the Middle Nile Delta, Egypt: An environmental study. Journal of Advanced Research, 7, (2016): 781–794.
[4]. He, Z., Shentu, J., Yang, X., Baligar, V. C., Zhang, T. and Stoffella, P. J. Heavy Metal Contamination of Soils: Sources, Indicators, and Assessment, Journal of Environmental Indicators, 9 (2015): 17 – 18..

Abstract: The study aimed to analyze various land management practices in selected rural areas in the northern guinea savanna of agro ecological zone of Kaduna State with a view to determining the most sustainable practice(s). Purposive sampling technique was employed in collecting data from three hundred and eighty (380) rural farmers with structured questionnaire administered. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques such as frequency tables, mean and percentages to summarize the data. Likert scale was also employed to determine the positive an negative effects of these land management practices and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was adopted as a procedure for components reduction to determine the most sustainable land management....

Keywords: Sustainable, Land Management, food crops, Northern Guinea Savanna, Agro-ecological zone.

[1]. Abdulazeez, M. L., Omotesho, K. F., Adekola, O. F., Adekunle, D. ( 2014). Assessment of Land Management Practices in Food Crops Production among Small Scale Farmers in Kwara State, Nigeria. International Journal of Agricultural Management and Development (IJAMAD), ISSN:2159-5860.
[2]. Adekoya, A.E. (1997); An Analysis of Farmers Participation in Agro-forestry in Oyo State. Unpublished Ph.D Thesis of the Department of Agricultural Extension Services University of Ibadan pp15.27.
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[4]. Ati, O.F. (2006). Rainfall Characteristic in Drought- prone Sudano-Sahelian Zone of Nigeria. An unpublished Ph. D Dissertation Department of Geography, Ahmadu Bello Universuty Zaria.
[5]. Bello, A.L. (1993). Kaduna State. In Udo R.K. and Mamman A.B. (eds) (1993). Nigeria Giant in the Tropics-State Surveys Vol. 2. Lagos: Gabumo Publishers.

Abstract: Microalgae are microscopic and ubiquitous organisms that present an enormous biodiversity. They have the ability to perform photosynthesis and produce about half of the atmospheric oxygen. These microorganisms produce also different biologically active metabolites that give them a large number of applications such human and animal nutrition, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, biofuels production, environmental management such as wastewater treatment, bioremediation, capture of CO2 and in agriculture as atmospheric N2-fixer, phosphate solubiliser and source of various plant-growth biostimulant. Recently, interest in microalgae research has increased in various fields and the microalgae sector is very dynamic throughout the world. Nevertheless, it is still under-exploited in Morocco, even if the.....

Key Word: Microalgae; biodiesel production; biostimulant; wastewater treatment; antibacterial activity, Morocco.

[1]. Venkatesan, J., P. Manivasagan and S.K., Kim, 2015. Marine microalgae biotechnology: present trends and future advances. In: Se-Kwon K (ed) Handbook of Microalgae: Biotechnology Advances. Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea, pp 1-9. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-800776-1.00001-7.
[2]. Sathasivam, R., R. Radhakrishnan, A. Hashem and E.F. Abd_Allah, 2019. Microalgae metabolites: A rich source for food and medicine. Saudi J. Biol. Sci., 26: 709–722. DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.11.003
[3]. Greenwell, H. C., L.M.L. Laurens, R.J. Shields, R.W. Lovitt and K.J. Flynn, 2010. Placing microalgae on the biofuels priority list: A review of the technological challenges. J. R. Soc. Interface., 7: 703–726. DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2009.0322
[4]. Mutanda, T., D. Ramesh, S. Karthikeyan, S. Kumari, A. Anandraj and F. Bux, 2011. Bioprospecting for hyper-lipid producing microalgal strains for sustainable biofuel production. Bioresour. Technol., 102: 57–70. DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.06.077
[5]. Chen, C.H. and D.S, Berns, 1978. Comparison of the stability of phycocyanins from thermophilic, mesophilic, psychrophilic and halophilic algae. Biophys. Chem., 8: 203–213. DOI: 10.1016/0301-4622(78)87002-1.

Abstract: Waste disposal and management is currently a major problem in Nigeria with emphasis accentuated in Delta State. Today heaps or "mountains" of solid wastes are seen all over our markets, gutters, culverts, abandoned vacant plots of land, roads, schools,miniteries to mention but a few. This poses threat to man and the environment and may lead to spread of disease, pollution of air, water and flooding after rains as well as a loss of aesthetic value of the environment. This study is to find answers to the following questions: Are there socio-cultural variables predisposing waste managers' use of certain management techniques in the disposal of solid waste in the urban areas of Delta State? The content and face validity of the instrument were ascertained by some lecturers from Departments of Human Kinetics and Health Education, Delta State University, Abraka and Health Environmental Education......

Keywords: Waste managers, solid waste, management technique, health, socio-cultural.

[1]. Adedeji, D.&Eziyi, O. I., (2010). Urban environmental problems in Nigeria: Implications for sustainable development: Journal of Sustainable in Africa, 12 (1), 124-140.
[2]. Adio- Moses, R.O, (2012). Knowledge, attitude and practice of solid waste sorting among residential students of University of Ibadan. Ibadan: Nigeria School Health Journal (NSHJ),24(2), 19-28.
[3]. Badejo, K., (2008). National Environmental Sanitation Policy and related Laws.The mandatory continuous education programme, organized byEHORECON , at Ibadan
[4]. Friends of the Earth. (2006). Waste management methods. London: FOE
[5]. Lawal, M. I. (2000).Estate development practice in Nigeria. Lagos: ILCO Book and Publishers.

Abstract: The major concern of ecotourism is to maintain the workings of the ecosystem and to have a protected environment. Unfortunately, this idea is being defeated due to some environmental factors that act as threats. The study analyses the environmental challenges of ecotourism in Pandam Game Reserve in Plateau State, Nigeria. The structured questionnaires, field survey, in depth interviews of key informants and administrative records were used to obtain data. Questionnaire was randomly administered to tourists in the park to obtain information on tourists' experience and level of satisfaction with the park. Another set of questionnaire were randomly...

KEYWORD: Ecotourism, Environmental Challenges, Game Reserve, Sustainable Development.

[1]. Akosim C. Evaluation of biodiversity conservation and management in Pandam Wildlife Park, Plateau State, Nigeria. Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Management, University of Ibadan. 1997; 232 pp.
[2]. Ballantyne M & Pickering C. Ecotourism as a threatening process for Wild Orchids. Journal of Ecotourism. 2012; 11(1): 34-47.
[3]. Buchbaum BD. Ecotourism and sustainable development in Costa Rica. Master Thesis. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 2004.
[4]. Coghlan A. Linking natural resource management to tourist satisfaction: A study of Australia's Great Barrier Reef. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 2012; 20(1): 41-58.
[5]. Eagles PFJ. Trends in Park Tourism: Economics, finance and management. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 2002; 10(2): 132-153..

Abstract: Today there is growing concerned globally, one reason that climate change becomes so widespread topic and occasionally controversial is that many people agreed it is mostly as a result of anthropogenic activities, including industrialization, burning of fossil fuel and deforestation. In contrast, others believed it can also occur due to natural phenomena, including volcanic eruption, continental drift, distance from the ocean, El Nino and La Nina. To clear this doubt, this finding examines the scientific evidence on impacts of climate change on glacier melting, rising sea......

Keyword: climate change, evidence, contrarians views, reality, politics of climate change.

[1]. Abatzoglou, J.T. & Williams, A.P. (2016). Impact of anthropogenic climate change on wildfire across western US forests. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 113, 11770–11775.
[2]. ABC News, Washington Post and Stanford Poll (2007). The environment.http://www.eesi.org/briefings/2007/Energy%20&%20Climate/5407_Climate_polling/GW%202007%20ABC%20News%20Release.pdf.
[3]. Addo, K,A., Larbi, L., Amisigo, B. &Ofori-Danson, P.K. (2011). Impact of coastal inundation due to climate change cluster of urban coastal communities in Ghana, West Africa. Remote sensing, vol 3, 2029-2050. DOI: 3390/s3092029.
[4]. Adedeji, O., Reuben, O. &Olatoye, O. (2014). Global Climate Change. Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 2, 114-122.
[5]. Ahmad Q.K & Ahmed A.U. (2000) Social sustainability, indicators and climate change, in: M. Munasingh, and R. Swart, (Eds), Climate change and its linkages with development equity and sustainability. Proceedings of the IPCC Expert Meeting held in Colombo, Sri Lanka. pp 27-29..

Abstract: Microbial load of water samples from selected boreholes in Njikoka LGA were analysed to assess the quality of borehole water. Water samples were collected from sixteen different borehole sampling point for rainy and dry seasons to determine their safety for human consumption. The results showed that the total coliform count ranged from 4 – 30 MPN/100mL for rainy season and 2 – 45 MPN/100mL for dry season (World Health Organization (WHO) stipulates 1cfu/100mL). The study revealed the presence of Escherichia coli in sample 7 in both rainy and dry seasons. There were also presence of Enterobacter aerogenes in samples 2, 5 and 9 in the rainy season and samples.....

Keyword: Borehole water; coliform organism; BOD; COD; DO; Njikoka.

[1]. Alison, G. Healthy Living-water BBC Health, London. 2011; pp. 35 – 45.
[2]. World Health Organisation (WHO). Water Sanitation and Health Programme. Managing Water in the Home: Accelerated Health Gains from Improved Water Sources. 2004; 112 –125[3]. Ali, I.; Alothman, Z.A. and Sanagi, M.M. Green Synthesis of Iron Nano Impregnated Adsorbent for fast removal of Fluoride from Water, Journal of Molecular Liquid. 2015; 211:457 – 465.
[4]. Onwughara, N. I., Ajiwe, V.I.E., and Nnabuenyi, H.O. Physicochemical Studies of Water from Selected Boreholes in Umuahia North Local Government Area of Abia State, Nigeria. International Journal of Pure and Applied Bioscience. 2013; 1(3): 34 – 44.
[5]. Obi, C. N. and Okocha, C. O. Microbiological and Physicochemical Analysis of Selected Borehole Water in World Bank Housing Estate Umuahia Abia State, Nigeria. Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences. 2007; 2(5): 920 –929.
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Abstract: Milk and dairy products are one of the essentials foods for the human and are the main source of nutrition for young mammals till other types of food is not digested by them. Consumption of the non-alcoholic and alcoholic beverages is becoming a socioeconomic status irrespective of age and sex globally. Chocolates and candies which provide not only joy and pleasure are nutritious energy source is the ingredient of several foods, i.e. cakes, cookies, breads ice creams, etc. are consumed by all the citizenry also act as stimulant, relaxant, and antidepressant. The potentially toxic metals are present in all the organic material and living organisms and are indestructible and indelible. These metals.....

Keyword: Milk, Dairy products, Beverages, Chocolates, Potentially toxic metals).

[1]. Abdel-Rahman GN, Ahmed M BM, Sabry BA, et al.(2019).Heavy metals content in some non-alcoholic beverages (carbonated drinks, flavored yogurt drinks, and juice drinks) of the Egyptian markets.Toxicol Rep, 6, 210–214.DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.02.010.
[2]. Abt E, Sam JF, Gray P, et al. (2018).Cadmium and Lead in Cocoa Powder and Chocolate Products in the US Market.Food AdditContam Part B Surveill, 11(2), 92-102. DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2017.1420700.
[3]. Adegbola RA, Adekanmbi AI, Abiona DL, et al. (2015). Evaluation of some heavy metal contaminants in biscuits, fruit drinks, concentrates, candy, milk products and carbonated drinks sold in Ibadan, Nigeria. Int J BiolChemSci, 9, 1691–1696.
[4]. Ahmad I, Zaman A, Samad N, et al. (2017).Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometery Detection of Heavy Metals in Milk of Camel, Cattle, Buffalo and Goat from Various Areas of Khyber- Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan.J Anal Bioanal Tech, 8,367-375. DOI: 10.4172/2155-9872.1000367.
[5]. Al-Mayaly IKA.(2013). Determination of Some Heavy Metals in Some Artificial Fruit Juices in Iraqi Local Markets.International Journal of Research and Development in Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 2, 507-510. http//www.ijrdpl.com.

Abstract: This study investigated the production of protein-rich biscuits from blends of wheat flour (WF), boiled cocoyam flour (CF) and fermented pigeon pea flour (PF) in the ratios of WF:CF:PF as 100:0:0, 90:5:5, 85:10:5, 80:10:10 and 70:20:10. The composites were used with other ingredients to produce biscuits which were analyzed forproximate composition, physical and sensory properties.The proximate result showed that their moisture ranged from 9.05-10.70%, protein 11.02-13.15%, crude fibre 1.05-3.20%, fat 3.10-4.60%, ash 2.45-4.05% and carbohydrate 65.95-71.68%.The physical properties ranges were,weight 17.05-17.15g, diameter 4.30-4.40cm, thickness 0.40-0.44cm and spread ratio 9.76-11.05. Furthermore, all the biscuit samples recorded above average in overall acceptability of the sensory evaluation result.

Keyword: Fermented, boiled, composites, protein-rich biscuits, spread ratio

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Technol. 25: 211-214.
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[5]. Bose, D. and Shams-UD-Din, M. (2010). The effect of chickpea (Cicer arietinim) husk on the properties of cracker biscuits. J. Bangladesh Agric. Univer. 8(1): 147-152.

Abstract: The present study consist the physicochemical features examined on the Kallepalli temple pondnear Srikakulam,Andhra Pradesh, India, on the monthly basis for two years (May 2014 to April 2016). Water samples were analyzed by following APHA standard methods, for Physicochemical Parameters like air and water temperatures, transparency, EC, TSS, TDS, pH, DO, BOD, COD, total alkalinity, total hardness, chloride, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, nitrates and phosphates for two years May 2014 to April 2016. The investigation report of the Sri Mani Nageswara temple pond revealed that the average values of 24.7oC, 24.35oC, 26.85cm, 513.5μs/cm, 35.5mg/l, 295mg/l, 7.45, 6.5mg/l, 2.86mg/l, 20.75mg/l, 128.5mg/l, 87.5mg/l, 66mg/l, 40.4mg/l, 23.45mg/l, 2.54mg/l, 8.91mg/l, 0.53mg/l and 0.44mg/l respectively. Inter relationship between physicochemical......

Keyword: Physicochemical Parameters, Pearson's Correlations Matrix, Sri Mani NagewaraTemple Pond - Kallepalli, Srikakulam District, A.P.

[1]. Aba Mustapha, BelghytiDriss, Benabid Mohamed Seasonal Variations in Physicochemical Parameters of water Body Amghass II Province IfraneMorocco. Univ. J. of Environ. Res.Tech. Vol.3 Issue6: 2013 pp.660-666.
[2]. Abdar M.R. (2013): Physicochemical Charecteristics and phytoplankton of Morna Lake, Shiral (M.S.) India. Biolife.1(2):2013 pp.1-7.
[3]. Agbaire, Patience Odafevejiri, Akporido, Samuel Omorovie and EmoyanOnoriodeOnos, (2015): Determination of some physicochemical parameters of water from artificial concrete fish ponds in Abraka and its environs, Delta State, Nigiria. Int. J. of Plant, Anim. and Environ. Sci. Vol. 5, Issue 3, 2015 Pp. 70-76.
[4]. Ajayan K.V., Selvaraju M. and Thirugnanamoorthy K. Phytoplankton Population of Ananthapura Temple Lake of Kasaragod, Kerala. Insight Botany 3 (1), 2013 pp.6-14.
[5]. Ambasht A.K. Environment Impact of nutrient Discharges by aquaculture Waste Water on the haraz River. J. Fish Aquat Sci. 3: 2008 pp.275-279..

Abstract: Noise is identified as a disturbance that could induce different behavioural responses. Noise pollution is a major problem in Ibadan Municipality, affecting human behavior, well-being, productivity and health. The study therefore assessed the sources and effects of noise in urban open spaces of Ibadan metropolis, Oyo state Nigeria. The survey was carried out to identify settings of noise and noise levels, to which people are regularly exposed and compare measured levels with the National permissible levels of NESREA. This was done with a view to proffer best strategies to control noise pollution in the study area. The study involved the use of primary and secondary sources of data. Digital noise meters, digital cameras, Global Positioning System GPS were materials used to measure sound levels.....

Keyword: Noise Pollution, Monitoring, Noise Meter, Global Positioning System, Ibadan Metropolis

[1]. Adams, Mags, Trevor Cox, Gemma Moore, Ben Croxford, Mohamed Refaee, and Steve Sharples. 2006. "Sustainable soundscapes: Noise policy and the urban experience." Urban Studies 43 (13): 2385-98.
[2]. Barber JR, Crooks KR, Fristrup KM (2009) The costs of chronic noise exposure for terrestrial organisms. Trends Ecol Evol 25:180–189
[3]. Birgitta, Berglund and Lindvall, Homas: A Draft Document of Community Noise. WHO Environmental Health Criteria 12, World Health Organization, Geneva (1995).
[4]. BRONZAFT AL. (2002) Assert your right to peace and quiet! (http://www.lhh.org/hrq/25- 1/gull.htm). Hearing Rehabil Q: 25(1). 16. Noise and hearing loss (http://text.nlm.nih.gov/nih/cdc/www/76txt.html). NIH Consens StatementOnline 1990: 8(1): 1–24 (accessed 10 March 2001).

Abstract: Water is a basic human need whose existence is very much needed and is used to support the daily needs of life. Clean water is now a very serious problem in the city of Cibinong. The need for clean water every year has increased while the availability of clean water is increasingly limited, due to the narrower of the catchment area, the many developments that do not pay attention to the balance of nature, the exploitation of raw water sources that do not pay attention to the preservation of water sources, and population growth, and the rapid flow of urbanization. In order to avoid water shortages, it is necessary to maintain and preserve existing water sources, efficiency in water use and the search for alternative new sources. In this study, it is predicted the need for clean water for the service area of PDAM Tirta Kahuripan Cibinong in 2019 and analyze the availability of clean water until 2038 by using secondary......

Keyword: Water demand, Water availability, Smart Tank Development Plan

[1]. Adioetomo SM and Samosir OB. 2010. Basics of Demographics 2. Jakarta edition: Salemba Empat Publisher.
[2]. Al - Layla, 1980, Water Supply Engineering Design, Ann Arbor Science
[3]. Ananda, R. D. 2003. Estimation Model of Water Needs for Settlement and Industrial Areas in Cilegon, Banten [thesis]. Bogor (ID): Bogor Agricultural University
[4]. Apriyanto, B. 2011. Analysis of Water Needs and Head Loss in Clean Water Distribution at Darmaga Bogor IPB Campus [thesis]. Bogor (ID): Bogor Agricultural University
[5]. Ariansyah. 2009. Overview of Clean Water Distribution Pipeline System in Talang Betutu Village, Palembang. Sriwijaya State Polytechnic. Palembang..

Abstract: Background: Human exposure to Cr(VI) induces several adverse health effects,including liver damage.Ginger is a plant whose rhizome is used as a spice or folk medicine.The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of methanolic extract of Zingiber dry powder (ZME) administration on normal rat liver as well as potassium dichromate (PDC)-induced hepatotoxicity. Materials and Methods:24 rats were allocated in 4 groups (6 rats each): (I) control, (II)KCr group, injected with a single intraperitoneal injection of PDC(15mg\Kg bw), (III)ZME group dissolved in 10% tween20 (200mg\Kg bw) orally (VI)ZME+KCr group; Rats received ZME(200mg\Kg bw) for 7 days+ single injection with (15mg\Kg bw)then continuing ZME administration till day 10 and all animals from all groups were decapitated at 11th day. Liver function...

Keyword: Ginger- Potassium dichromate- Hepatotoxicity-Oxidative Stress- inflammation

[1]. PechovaA,Pavlata, L ―Chromium as an essential nutrient: a review,‖ VeterinarniMedicina.2007; 52:(1): 1–18.
[2]. He X, Lin XG, Chen MG et al.,. ―Protection against chromium (VI)-Induced oxidative stress and apoptosis by Nrf2. Recruiting Nrf2 into the nucleus and disrupting the nuclear Nrf2/Keap1 Association,‖ Toxicological Sciences. 2007; 98,(1): 298–309,
[3]. LinosA, Petralias A, Christophi C A et al. Oral ingestion of hexavalent chromium through drinking water and cancer mortality in an industrial area of Greece—an ecological study. Environmental Health. 2011; 10:(1) 50.
[4]. Mahmoud SM, Mohamed FF. Impact Of Ginger Dry Powder And Its Methanolic Extract On Normal And Potassium Dichromate
Renal Injured Rats. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2018; 7(1): 1480-1515.
[5]. Rafael AI, Almeida A, Santos P et al. A role for transforming growth factor-𝛽 apoptotic signaling pathway in liver injury induced by ingestion of water contaminated with high levels of Cr(VI). Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology.2007; 224 (2 ): 163–173,.

Abstract: The nanoparticles accumulate in different organs like gill, liver, intestine, kidney and muscle in fish Cyprinus carpio. The acute, chronic toxicity in the body through absorption by the gills and the glucose and glycogen content in the liver were affected and imbalance occurs in the hormone levels. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are used widely in applications. Human exposure to AgNPs has been increased in recent years. AgNPs are translated into blood streams and accumulated in organs and it is confirmed as organ toxicity and cause eventually death. Metallic and...

Keyword: Fish Cyprinus carpio, Bioaccumulation, Bioassay, Histopathology, Biochemical studies.

[1]. Lee HJ, Jeong SH. Bacteriostasis and skin innoxiousness of nanosize silver colloids on textile fabrics.Text. Res. J. 2005; 75:551-556.
[2]. Benn TM, Westerhoff P. Nanoparticle silver released into water from commercially available sock fabrics. Environ Sc Technol.2008;42(11):4133–4139. CrossRefGoogle Scholar.
[3]. Tiede K, Hassellov M, Breitbarth E, Chaudhry Q, Boxall ABA. Considerations for environmental fate and ecotoxicity testing to support environmental risk assessments for engineered nanoparticles. J.Chromatogr. A 2009;1216: 503-509.
[4]. Chen X, Schluesener HJ. Nanosilver,A nanoproduct in medical application.Toxicol.Lett.2008;176:1–12.
[5]. Navarro E, Piccapietra F, Wagner B, Marconi F, Kaegi R, Odzak N. Toxicity of silver nanoparticles to Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Environ. Sci & Technology, 2008;42:8959-8964..

Abstract: Background: Oil and gas flaring are among the sources of environmental pollution which poses serious threats to health of the people within the environment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of gas flaring activities on haematological parameters of the residents of oil and gas communities in Delta State . Materials and Methods: Subjects for the study were drawn from the represented groups in the oil and gas production environments and compared to the non-gas flaring environment which was the control location with no history of petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC) pollution. Sixty subjects of age range 18 to 65 years old were tested on some haematological parameters which includes; haemoglobin (Hb) concentration, packed cell volume (PCV), total red blood cell count (RBC), mean corpuscular...

Keyword: Anaemia, Flaring activities, Haematological parameters , Oil production

[1]. Okonkwo C OJ, Ehileboh AD, Nwobodo E, Dike CC. The effects of acute gasoloine vapour inhalation on some haematological indices of albino Wistar rats. Journal of Acute Disease.2016); 5 (2): 123-125.
[2]. Dike CC, Elekwa I, Maduka HCC, Ugwu CE, Ogueche PN, Ofoegbu C.J. Biostimulation of diesel polluted soil in Uturu-Abia State, Nigeria, using cattle bone powder. IOSR J Environ Sci Toxicol Food Technol.2013; 5 (6): 38-41.
[3]. Caseiro A, Gehrke B, Rücker G, Leimbach D, Kaiser J. Gas flaring activity and black carbon emissions in 2017 derived from Sentinel-3A SLSTR. Earth System Science Data Discussions.2019; Doi.10.5194/essd-2019-99.
[4]. Okeke OC, Emerue UC, Atama EO, Ekere JT. Environmental problems of hydrocarbon exploration and production in Nigeria: An overview. Int J Environ Res.2016); 2 (1): 29-42.
[5]. Ajugwo AO. Negative Effects of Gas Flaring: The Nigerian Experience. Journal of Environment Pollution and Human Health.2013;1 ( 1): 6-8...

Abstract: An experiment was conducted to investigate the carcass yield and economics of production of rabbits fed different types and levels of rumen content. Forty eight (48) mongrel rabbits were randomly allotted to six diets containing rumen content of caprine, ovine and bovine each included at 30 and 40% levels in 3x2 factorial arrangements in a completely randomized design (CRD). Results showed that the interaction effect did not affect live weight (1075.00-187.50g), carcass weight (456.25-775.00g) and dressed weight (38.36-52.86%) (P>0.05). Similarly most of the organs were not affected by the interaction effect (P<0.05) except the lungs (0.42-0.63%), head (7.72-9.25%) and small intestine (3.50-4.38%) which were affected by the interaction effects (P<0.05). Most of the parameters were....

Keywords: Rumen content, Carcass yield, Caprine, Ovine, Bovine

[1]. Abubakar, M.M.(1998). Utilization of unconventional feedstuff for sustainable livestock production. Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Inaugural lectures series NO.9, 44pp
[2]. Aduku, A. O. (2004). Animal Nutrition in the Tropics. Davcon Computers and Business bureau, Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria
[3]. Ani, A. O., Udeh, F. U., Uzochukwu, I.E. and Onuora, S.I. (2015). Haematological indices, carcass and organ characteristics of crossbredweaner rabbits fed dehydrated bovine rumen digesta. Proc. 40th Ann. Conf. Nigerian Society for Animal Production, 15-19th march, 2015, NAPRI/ABU, Zaria Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC), (1990). Official Methods of Analysis, Washington D.C. USA.
[4]. Anonymous (2009). Mapsofworld. Com. Available at http://www.mapsofworld.com /Nigeria/cities/azare/html mapXL inc. 10s third street Suite 310 San Jose.
[5]. Azare, I.M. (2013).Evaluation of farmers response strategies to climate change in Katagum local government area of Bauchi state. Journal of Environment Technology and Sustainable Agriculture2 (10):26-33.

Abstract: Bad weather conditions in Takalar waters cause hundreds of traditional and modern fishing boats to be afraid to go fishing. They stopped temporarily in fishing to avoid accidents at sea due to extreme weather. This study aims to determine the effect of rainfall and wind on the frequency of fishing trips based in North Galesong District, Takalar Regency.Rainfall is the amount of water that falls on a flat surface during a certain period measured in millimeters in height above the horizontal surface. Wind is the mass of moving air. Wind can move horizontally or vertically with varying speed and fluctuate dynamically. The driving factor for the movement of air masses is the difference in air pressure between one place and another. The operation trip is a fishing activity since the fishing unit leaves the base to go to the operation area, looking for a fishing area. fishing, until returning to the place.....

Key Word:Rainfall; Wind; Trip Operations; Fishing; Takalar

[1]. Tukidi. 2010. Rainfall Characters in Indonesia. Jurnal Geografi, Department of Geography, Universitas Negeri Semarang.Vol 7(2):136-145. DOI :https://doi.org/10.15294/jg.v7i2.84
[2]. Johannes Dietz, Dirk Holscher, Christoph Leuscher, and Hendrayanto. 2006. Rainfall partitioning in relation to forest structure in differently managed montane forest stands in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Forest Ecology and Management, Vol 237(1-3):170-178. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2006.09.044
[3]. Machairiyah. 2007. Rainfall Analysis for Estimating Peak Discharge with the Rational Method in Das Percut Deli Serdang Region. Thesis, Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of North Sumatera, Medan.
[4]. Singgih Handoyo. 2011. Avipedia: general aviation encyclopedia. Kompas Book Publishers. Pp. 231-232
[5]. Takahiro Osawa and Sigit Julimantoro. 2010. Study of Fishery Ground Around Indonesia Archipelago Using Remote Sensing Data. In: Sumi A., Fukushi K., Hiramatsu A. (eds) Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies for Climate Change. Springer, Tokyo. Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies for Climate Change pp 57-69. DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-99798-6_4.

Abstract: Microscopy techniques are used for of grains / seeds characterization, and can also be applied to assess damages caused by microorganisms / insects for a more efficient control methods application. The aim of the work was to obtain information by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the structural organization of maizegrain (Zea mays L.), as well as possible sites of contaminants (living organisms) access to edible parts by SEM. Longitudinal and transversal cuts fixed on stubs and coated with a gold layer were SEM observed. It was registered the dominant vitreous & starch endosperms morpho-histology (hard texture rich in starch granules). Also, the pericarp (external / internal layers), peduncle (the maize to cob link) and the germ structures including the main region of organism's proliferation especially fungi spores and hyphae

Key Word: Fungi; Maize; Starch; Insects; Characterization

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